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118-736: Arizona Miner (alternatively the Arizona Weekly Miner , Miner , or Weekly Miner ) was a newspaper published in Prescott , Arizona Territory , from 1868 to 1885 and circulated throughout Yavapai County . The paper merged with the Arizona Weekly Journal in 1885 to create the Arizona Weekly Journal-Miner , which was published until 1934. It underwent a succession of owners and changes in its publishing frequency as well as its political leanings. The predecessor paper,

236-405: A 1 ⁄ 3 -horsepower (250 W) 850- or 1140-revolution-per-minute motor geared to the main clutch wheel, the inner shaft engaging this wheel while the casting cycle was in operation. An external leather belt on this wheel ran a second jackshaft , which powered the distributor and keyboard matrix conveyor and escapements through additional belting off this shaft. Gas fired pots, such as in

354-402: A spaceband from the spaceband box. Spacebands are stored separately from the matrices because they are too big to fit in the magazine. Once enough text has been entered for the line, the operator depresses the casting lever mounted on the front right corner of the keyboard. This lifts the completed line in the assembler up between two fingers in the "delivery channel", simultaneously tripping

472-626: A "combative and racist perspective that made itself known through his often aggressive and biting criticism of others". Marion intended the Miner to be both "The Official Paper of Arizona" and an "Organ of the White People of Arizona." Marion published weekly beginning in August 1867 and said he grew the paper from a circulation of less than 75 with a half column of paid advertising to 672 with "several columns" of paid advertising. In 1868 Benjamin H. Weaver joined

590-514: A different magazine. Many models of the Linotype machine could keep several magazines (as many as four) available at a time. In some of these, the operator could shift to a different magazine by raising or lowering the stack of magazines with a crank. Such machines would not allow mixing fonts within a single line. Others, such as the Models 25 and 26 allowed arbitrary mixing of text from two magazines within

708-412: A long tail. The wide part of the wedge is at the bottom of the tail, so pushing the tail up expands the spaceband. Due to their size, spacebands are not held in the magazine, but in a spaceband box and released one at a time by pressing the spaceband lever at the left edge of the keyboard. As the matrices are released from the magazine, they are guided by way of partitions in the assembler front down to

826-493: A merger deal. The two papers combined to create the Arizona Weekly Journal-Miner , with Martin as editor. A fire on July 14, 1900, destroyed the publishing office. In response, a temporary daily was published for about a month until regular operations could resume in a small brick building on West Gurley Street. In 1903, the name of the paper was changed yet again to the Weekly Arizona Journal-Miner . In 1904,

944-438: A mining claim. Sawyer's breaking of gender norms however resulted in her 1877 institutionalization in an insane asylum, in which she remained until her death in 1902. Prescott served as capital of Arizona Territory until November 1, 1867, when the capital was moved to Tucson by act of the 4th Arizona Territorial Legislature . The capital was returned to Prescott in 1877 by the 9th Arizona Territorial Legislature . The capital

1062-506: A more modest 69 °F (21 °C) for the highest low. There was a severe drought from 1999 to 2009, seen from the lack of snowpack in the Bradshaw Mountains. Local creeks do not contain water except immediately after the rare rains. Nevertheless, at the start of 2007 lakes were reported as full. The winter of 2005–06 had less than 3 inches (7.6 cm) of snow, compared to an average snowfall of 12.8 inches (33 cm). Prescott

1180-427: A number of mining camps. The new town was named in honor of historian William H. Prescott during a public meeting on May 30, 1864. Robert W. Groom surveyed the new community, and an initial auction sold 73 lots on June 4, 1864. By July 4, 1864, 232 lots had been sold within the new community. Prescott was incorporated in 1881. The mineral wealth of Prescott included a good quantity of both gold and silver, and made

1298-565: A period of guerilla warfare, though few pitched battles. Not until 1935 were the Yavapai given a reservation in Prescott, and at first only a mere 75 acres (30 ha) directly adjacent to Fort Whipple. An extra 1,320 acres (530 ha) were provided in 1956. The mining camps brought much prosperity, but also much racism. On July 12, 1863, the miners of Lynx Creek passed a resolution banning Asian and Mexican miners. Similar resolutions were passed in

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1416-402: A political foe, felt that McCormick unduly benefited from being the owner and controller of the Miner . In 1867, McCormick sold the paper to John H. Marion, a native of New Orleans, Louisiana who came to Arizona in his 20s to prospect . He stayed to promote mining and Arizona's political rights. During Marion's tenure the paper became highly politicized. Marion, a Democrat , was said to have

1534-401: A rapidly moving belt, which brings the matrices into the assembler. The spaceband box is positioned above the assembler, the bands dropping almost directly into the assembler. At the end of the moving belt is a rapidly rotating 'star wheel' that gives each incoming matrix or spaceband a small kick to make room for the next one (the star wheel is made of a phenolic-type material to minimize wear of

1652-596: A spectacular appearance of bumpy rock features. Within 'The Dells' are Watson and Willow Lakes, which are two small, man-made reservoirs. Here a number of hiking trails connect to the Peavine Trail. The Peavine National Recreation Trail follows what was the former rail bed of the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway . This railroad traveled from Prescott to Phoenix through the Granite Dells. The "Peavine" got its name from

1770-403: A time. The machine revolutionized typesetting and with it newspaper publishing, making it possible for a relatively small number of operators to set type for many pages daily. Ottmar Mergenthaler invented the Linotype in 1884 alongside James Ogilvie Clephane , who provided the financial backing for commercialization. In 1876, a German clock maker, Ottmar Mergenthaler , who had emigrated to

1888-590: A total area of 41.5 sq mi (107.5 km ), of which 40.7 sq mi (105.4 km ) is land and 0.81 sq mi (2.1 km ) is water. Prescott is considered part of North Central Arizona , sitting just north of the Bradshaw Mountains and east of the Sierra Prieta range . The Granite Dells , often called ‘The Dells’, lies just north of the Prescott city center and is known for its large boulder outcroppings of granite that have eroded into

2006-466: A variability which occasionally leads to ice days. The coldest maximum on record is 20 °F (−7 °C) in February 1905 and a normal year between 1991 and 2020 saw the coldest day of the year not rise above 33 °F (1 °C). Warm summer nights are rare due to being on an elevated plain, but happen on occasion. The warmest on record is 79 °F (26 °C) in August 1904, whereas a normal year has

2124-456: A year, nearly doubling Prescott's population for the rodeo week. During the same period, some 45,000 people also attend the Rodeo Parade, which winds through downtown Prescott. Though several other rodeos pre-date Prescott's by decades, Prescott claims it was the first to charge admission and turn it into a spectator sport. This is backed up by a 1985 trademark on "World's Oldest Rodeo". The rodeo

2242-546: Is 150 beds). Scenes from the 2008 movie Jolene were filmed in the Pioneer's Home in 2006. The Home has had many colorful residents, including a John Miller, who claimed to be Billy the Kid , and who was exhumed from the Pioneer's Home Cemetery in 2005 in an attempt to identify DNA evidence. Another resident was "Big Nose Kate" Elder , who would also be laid to rest in the Pioneer's Home Cemetery, though not without controversy. Prescott

2360-459: Is a city in and the county seat of Yavapai County, Arizona , United States. As of 2020 Census , the city's population was 45,827. In 1864, Prescott was designated as the capital of the Arizona Territory , replacing the temporary capital of Fort Whipple . The territorial capital was moved to Tucson in 1867. Prescott again became the territorial capital in 1877, until Phoenix became

2478-409: Is a popular destination for park recreation and picnic facilities. Lynx Lake is another lake close to Prescott in tall ponderosa pines , and gets some 125,000 visitors every year. This 55-acre (22 ha) lake offers visitors recreational activities, boating, camping, fishing, hiking, mountain biking, picnicking and a small, seasonal restaurant with a view of the lake. Finally, there is the smallest of

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2596-412: Is a shifting mechanism that controls which magazine is currently connected to the keyboard. In most machines, this is done by raising or lowering the stack of magazines. In justified text, the spaces are not fixed width; they expand to make all lines equal in width. In linotype machines this is done by spacebands. A spaceband consists of two wedges, one similar in size and shape to a type matrix, one with

2714-593: Is affected each year by the North American Monsoon . Monsoon season is June 15 – Sep 15, and brings significant rain, wind, hail , thunderstorms , and flooding to the area. In spite of the dangers of flash floods and wildfires , many locals enjoy monsoon season for the relief of cooler temperatures, which commonly result from storms during the height of summer heatwaves . Arizona receives half of its annual rainfall during monsoon season, but this can be misleading. Monthly averages in precipitation can give

2832-404: Is automatic: once it is activated by the operator sending a completed line by raising the casting lever, a series of cams and levers move the matrices through the casting section and control the sequence of steps that produce the slug. The casting material is an alloy of lead (85%), antimony (11%), and tin (4%), and produces a one-piece casting slug capable of 300,000 impressions before

2950-464: Is automatic; as soon as the finished line has been transferred to the casting section, the operator can begin composing the next line of text. The casting section of the machine operated intermittently when triggered by the operator at the completion of a line. The full casting cycle time was less than nine seconds. Motive power for the casting section came from a clutch -operated drive running large cams (the keyboard and distributor sections ran all

3068-471: Is because the matrix is not used directly to print onto the paper—rather, it is used as part of a mold from which a metal slug will be cast. The slug has its features reversed: therefore, the matrix does not. The magazine section is the part of the machine where the matrices are held when not in use, and released as the operator touches keys on the keyboard. The magazine is a flat box with vertical separators that form "channels", one channel for each character in

3186-512: Is code 125. Code 126 is unused while code 127 is used for pi matrices (described below). In typesetting, it is sometimes necessary to use characters that are uncommon or obscure enough that it does not make sense to assign them to a magazine channel. These characters are referred to as pi characters or sorts . ("Pi" in this case refers to an obscure printer's term relating to loose or spilled type.) Footnote marks, rarely used fractions, and mathematical symbols are examples of pi characters. In

3304-528: Is home to Prescott College , a small liberal arts college just west of the downtown area that emphasizes environmental and social justice. It is a non-profit organization which has an undergraduate body of roughly 800 students, and an average student to faculty ratio of 7:1 in on-campus classrooms. There are four general programs at Prescott College: the On-campus Undergraduate Program (RDP), Limited-Residency Undergraduate Degree Program (ADP),

3422-488: Is home to The Arizona Pioneers' Home , a continuing care retirement home, operated and funded by the State of Arizona, originally intended for impoverished Arizona founders from Territorial days. Initially the home was built to house 40 men, but in 1916 an addition of a women's wing was completed to provide for 20 women. Later, in 1929, the home again expanded to include Arizona's Hospital for Disabled Miners (current total capacity

3540-476: Is home to the Arizona Pioneers' Home . The Home opened during territorial days, February 1, 1911. After several major fires in the early part of the century, downtown Prescott was rebuilt with brick . The central courthouse plaza , a lawn under huge old elm trees, is a gathering and meeting place. Cultural events and performances take place on many nights in the summer on the plaza. Barry Goldwater ,

3658-645: Is in Prescott Valley . Linotype machine The Linotype machine operator enters text on a 90-character keyboard. The machine assembles matrices , or molds for the letter forms, in a line. The assembled line is then cast as a single piece, called a slug , from molten type metal in a process known as hot metal typesetting . The matrices are then returned to the type magazine, to be reused continuously. This allows much faster typesetting and composition than hand composition in which operators place down one pre-cast sort (metal letter, punctuation mark or space) at

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3776-414: Is in the Bradshaw Mountains of central Arizona, at an elevation of 5,400 feet (1,600 m). The city has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ). However, unlike most other locations in this climate class, there is a pronounced summer wet season due to the North American Monsoon . Average annual precipitation for 1991-2020 was 16.46 inches (418 mm), with spring and early summer the driest times of

3894-402: Is prevented from squeezing between the mats on cast. The crucible tilts forward, forcing the mouthpiece tightly against the back of the mold. The plunger in the well of the crucible quickly descends, forcing the molten metal up the crucible throat and injecting it into the mold cavity through the array of orifices in the mouthpiece. The jets of molten metal first contact against the casting face of

4012-450: Is the lower-case letter e : that letter is used so often that the 90 channel magazine actually has 91 channels, with two channels (the leftmost two) both used for the letter e . Similarly, the 72 channel magazine actually has 73 channels, with the leftmost two being used for lower-case e . Alternate lines release matrices alternately from the two e channels in the magazine. On machines that support multiple magazines, there

4130-426: Is the origin of the old typesetting terms upper rail for italic and lower rail for Roman characters. These terms have persisted in phototypesetting technology even though the mechanics of the auxiliary rail do not exist there. The character on a Linotype matrix, when viewed, is not inverted as a letter for conventional movable type would be, and the letter is incised below the surface rather than raised above it. This

4248-517: The Republican Fort Whipple Arizona Miner , was established in 1864 at Fort Whipple as a monthly. It was owned by then Territorial Secretary Richard C. McCormick who purchased a press in Santa Fe, New Mexico on his initial journey to the territory and transported it in government wagons along with his other personal belongings. The first publisher was Tisdale A. Hand. The first issue was published on March 9, 1864, making it

4366-473: The Bradshaw Mountains south of Prescott on Saturday, June 24, 2017. The fire eventually led to the evacuations of Mayer and Walker a few days later. State Route 69 was partially closed between the towns of Mayer and Dewey-Humboldt . Prescott is 55 mi (89 km) west-northwest of the State of Arizona's geographic center. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has

4484-524: The National Register of Historic Places . The tallest house in North America, Falcon Nest is in Prescott, on the slope of Thumb Butte . Prescott is home to the downtown historical area known as Whiskey Row . Adjacent to Whiskey Row was the red-light district which operated until 1917, at which point prostitution was outlawed in the state of Arizona. In 1900, a great fire destroyed almost all of

4602-541: The Sonoran Desert to the south and Mojave Desert to the west. The average season for freezing temperatures is October 21 through May 1. Temperature extremes are fairly widespread. The warmest measured temperature in Prescott is 105 °F (41 °C) on two separate occasions (1925 and 2021). The coldest low was measured in 1937 and stood at −21 °F (−29 °C). Due to the large diurnal temperature variation , cold winter days are rare, but being far inland causes

4720-556: The United States in 1872, was approached by James O. Clephane and his associate Charles T. Moore, who sought a quicker way of publishing legal briefs . By 1884, he conceived the idea of assembling metallic letter molds, called matrices , and casting molten metal into them, all within a single machine. His first attempt proved the idea feasible and a new company was formed. Improving his invention, Mergenthaler further developed his idea of an independent matrix machine. In July, 1886,

4838-428: The ejector blades and aligned with the knife block assembly a pair of honed knives with a fixed knife, and a knife which is set to the point thickness of the mold liners being cast with. The knives are set to dead parallel. The fixed knife on the left bears against the smooth side of the slug (the mold body face of the slug) as it brushes next to it, and the right knife trims the ribs on the slug (the mold cap face of

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4956-584: The 1964 Republican nominee for president, launched his presidential campaign from the steps of Prescott's Yavapai County Courthouse. Yarnell Hill Fire : Nineteen members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots, part of the Prescott Fire Department, died on Sunday, June 30, 2013, while battling the wildfire that had ignited two days earlier south of Prescott. Goodwin Fire : The wildfire ignited in

5074-533: The 1970s and 1980s, replacing them with phototypesetting equipment and later computerized typesetting and page composition systems. As of 2023 , the last-known newspaper still using Linotype in the United States is The Saguache Crescent . Le Démocrate de l'Aisne  [ fr ] is the last one in Western Europe. The linotype machine consists of four major sections: The operator interacts with

5192-457: The 19th century; famous residents included Doc Holliday and Virgil Earp of the gunfight at the O.K. Corral . The makeshift wooden town burned to the ground several times in the first decade of the 20th century, which finally resulted in the town being rebuilt in brick. The modern city subsists on tourism, especially around its storied past. It is host to the self-proclaimed "World's Oldest Rodeo", running continuously since 1888. The rodeo, one of

5310-551: The Acker Music Festival, The Cowboy Poets Gathering, the Prescott Highland Games, Courthouse Lighting, Whiskey Off Road and Ragnar Relay Del Sol. On New Year's Eve, historic Whiskey Row saw the inaugural Prescott Boot Drop to usher in the 2012 New Year. The illuminated 6-foot (1.8 m) tall cowboy boot with multi-colored stars was lowered from the historic Palace Restaurant rooftop's 40-foot (12 m) flagpole to

5428-457: The Intertype, a machine closely resembling the Linotype, using the same matrices as the Linotype, which started production around 1914. Where Mergenthaler prided themselves on intricately formed cast-iron parts on their machine, Intertype machined many of their similar parts from steel and aluminum . Major newspaper publishers retired Linotype and similar "hot metal" typesetting machines during

5546-712: The Limited-Residency Master of Arts Program (MAP), and a Limited-Residency PhD program in Sustainability Education. Those enrolled in the Limited-Residency programs work with various mentors and Prescott College faculty, usually in their home communities. On-campus students live in Prescott and attend classes at the college itself. Prescott was at one point a recovery destination, with over 200 sober living homes dedicated to drug or alcohol recovery. However, increased regulation and enforcement has whittled

5664-436: The O.K. Corral . Virgil Earp lived in Prescott starting in 1878 as a constable/watchman. Doc Holliday was there for a while in the summer of 1880 and even appears in the 1880 census records. Whiskey Row in downtown Prescott boasts many historic buildings, including The Palace, Arizona's oldest restaurant and bar. Many other buildings have been converted to boutiques , art galleries , bookstores , and restaurants. Prescott

5782-511: The Wolf. Local bands often play shows alongside touring bands, who include Prescott in their tours. Prescott was the location of Arizona's first Elks Lodge ( BPOE ). In December 1895 a group of enterprising businessmen in Prescott established the Prescott Elks Lodge #330, known as the "Mother Lodge of Arizona". The Prescott Elks Opera House was built by the lodge in 1905. The Prescott Elks Lodge

5900-418: The age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.62. In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.9% under

6018-461: The age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 18.9% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 26.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 35,446, and the median income for a family was $ 46,481. Males had a median income of $ 31,834 versus $ 22,982 for females. The per capita income for

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6136-545: The area had a population of 103,260 as of 2007 . Prescott is the center of the Prescott Metropolitan Area, defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as all of Yavapai County. The Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe reservation is adjacent to and partially within the borders of Prescott. Prescott is in the Granite Creek watershed and contains the convergence of Miller Creek and Granite Creek on its north side. Prescott

6254-414: The assembler — a "matrix transposition". When these machines were in heavy use, it was not uncommon for an operator to set type at the rate of over 4,000  ems per hour. The fastest operators could exceed 10,000 ems per hour (approximately 10 to 30 words per minute in today's units), hence careful lubrication and regular cleaning were essential to keep these machines operating at full potential. In

6372-525: The assembler. The slug with the run down is removed once it has been cast, or by the proofreader. The linotype keyboard has the same alphabet arrangement given twice, once for lower-case letters, the keys in black, on the left side of the keyboard, and once for upper-case letters, the keys in white, located on the right side of the keyboard. The blue keys in the middle are punctuation, digits, small capital letters and fixed-width spaces. In proper keyboard operation, an experienced operator's left hand operates only

6490-420: The auxiliary, the slanted ( Italic ) form of that character will be used, but this can also be the boldface form or even a different font entirely. The machine operator can select which of the two faces will be cast by operating the auxiliary rail of the assembler , or, when setting entire lines of italics, by using the flap , which is a piece that can be turned under a portion of the first elevator column. This

6608-515: The buildings on Whiskey Row, including the 1891 Hotel Burke, advertised as "the only absolutely fireproof building in Prescott". By legend, the patrons of the various bars simply took their drinks across the street to the Courthouse square and watched it burn. At the time of the fire, patrons removed the entire bar and back-bar of the Palace Restaurant & Saloon to the square by the patrons as

6726-452: The capital in 1889. Prescott has a rich history as a frontier gold and silver mining town. Mining and settlers brought frequent conflict with native American tribes in the area, including the Yavapai and Apache . Prescott was the home to Fort Whipple from its inception, which acted as a base for campaigns against natives. Prescott was a stereotypical "wild west" town during the latter half of

6844-460: The casting begins to develop deformities and imperfections, and the type must be cast again. The continuous heating of the molten alloy causes the tin and antimony in the mixture to rise to the top and oxidize along with other impurities into a substance called "dross" which must be skimmed off. Excessive dross formation leads to the alloy softening as the proportion of lead increases. The mixture must then be assayed and tin and antimony added back (in

6962-407: The catch holding it in position. The spring-operated delivery channel then transports the line into the casting section of the machine, and engages the clutch that drives the casting section and the subsequent transfer into the distribution section. The operator is now finished with the line; the remaining processing is automatic. While the line is being cast, the operator can continue entering text for

7080-538: The city was $ 22,565. About 7.4% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. The Pineridge Marketplace, (formerly the Preacott Gateway Mall) is an enclosed shopping mall that opened in 2002, replacing Ponderosa Plaza, which was Prescott's first enclosed mall when it opened in 1980. Downtown Prescott has dozens of independently owned and operated shops. According to

7198-714: The city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , the top employers in Prescott are: Other major area employers include the Yavapai-Prescott Tribe , the James Family Prescott YMCA , and Fann Contracting. The Sharlot Hall Museum houses much of Prescott's territorial history, and the Museum of Indigenous People (formerly the Smoki museum) and Phippen Museum also maintains local collections. Prescott has many Victorian style homes. Prescott has 809 buildings on

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7316-495: The city. The population density was 915.6/sq mi (353.5/km ). There were 17,144 housing units at an average density of 462.5/sq mi (178.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 92.9% White , 0.5% Black or African American , 1.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.8% from other races , and 1.6% from two or more races. 8.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 15,098 households, out of which 18.1% had children under

7434-406: The composing section, the operator enters the text for a line on the keyboard. Each keystroke releases a matrix from the magazine mounted above the keyboard. The matrix travels through channels to the assembler where the matrices are lined up side by side in the order they were released. When a space is needed, the operator touches the spaceband lever just to the left of the keyboard. This releases

7552-423: The correct place in their respective magazines. This is done by the distributor . After casting is completed, the matrices are pushed to the second elevator which raises them to the distributor at the top of the magazine. The space bands are separated out at this point and are returned to the spaceband box. The matrices have a pattern of teeth at the top, by which they hang from the distributor bar . Some of

7670-708: The delight and cheers of celebrants gathered on Montezuma Street which was closed for the occasion. Also in Prescott is the Heritage Park Zoo . There are four golf courses within the city limits: Antelope Hills Golf Course, which consist of the City of Prescott South Course and the City of Prescott North Course, Capital Canyon Golf Club (formerly the Hassayampa Golf Club) (private), Talking Rock Golf Club (private), and Prescott Lakes Golf Club (private). More public courses are located nearby in surrounding towns. Prescott

7788-402: The distributor screws, they will hang on only so long as there are teeth to hold them. As soon as the matrix reaches the point where each of its teeth corresponds to a cut-away tooth on the distributor bar, it is no longer supported and will drop into the matrix channel below that point. The pattern of teeth is a 7-bit binary code, with the innermost pair of teeth at the bottom of the notch being

7906-518: The electric models). The temperature was precisely adjusted to keep the lead and tin type metal liquified just prior to being cast. Newer machines, and the larger machines above 36 EM Matrix size typically used the more standardized 1 ⁄ 2 -horsepower (370 W) motor after v-belts came into common use in the 1930s. The large machines also had the so-called 'double pot', with either larger gas burners, or else 2250-watt pot heaters and larger mouth and throat heaters. The most modern Linotypes had

8024-465: The evacuation of nearby Mayer in August. A large number of homes in Prescott are located within FEMA designated "high risk flood zones A and AE". The City of Prescott recently updated Flood Insurance Rate Maps in response to increased construction and notable flooding for several consecutive years. As of the census of 2000, there were 33,938 people, 15,098 households, and 8,968 families residing in

8142-410: The face of the mold disk . The mold disk has rectangular openings which correspond to the line length and point thickness of the slugs (cast lines) to be made. Mold liners fit into these openings for specific slug dimensions. The maximum line length of the typical linecaster is 30 picas . A less common variant was fitted with 42 pica molds, though these are now rare to non-existent. Directly behind

8260-443: The false impression that rains are confined to monsoon season, while single-day annual rainfall records have been set far outside of monsoon season, repeatedly. The area is prone to weather extremes and often, monthly rainfall records are actually the result of one or two dramatic rain events. Prescott area residents have faced the challenges of extreme rain and flash flooding since the first prospectors arrived in search of gold in

8378-614: The fire approached, re-installing it after the gutted brick structure was rebuilt. Whiskey Row runs north and south on Montezuma St. between Gurley and Goodwin St., directly west of the county courthouse. This single city block has been the home of the St. Michael's Hotel (formerly the Hotel Burke) and the Palace Hotel since the late 19th century, along with other colorful purveyors of nightlife. Originally built in 1877, The Palace Restaurant and Saloon

8496-686: The first commercially used Linotype was installed in the printing office of the New York Tribune . Here, it was immediately used on the daily paper and a large book. The book, the first ever composed with the new Linotype method, was titled The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports . Initially, the Mergenthaler Linotype Company was the only company (led by Ottmar Mergenthaler and eventually also James O. Clephane) producing linecasting machines, but in time, other companies would begin manufacturing similar machines. The Intertype Company produced

8614-417: The font. Most main magazines have 90 channels, but those for larger fonts carried only 72 or even 55 channels. The auxiliary magazines used on some machines typically contained 34 channels or, for a magazine carrying larger fonts, 28 channels. The magazine holds a particular font of type; i.e., a particular type design in a particular size. If a different size or style was needed, the operator would switch to

8732-413: The form of a specially proportioned alloy) to restore the original strength and properties of the alloy. From the assembler, the assembled line moves via the first elevator to the justification vise . The vise has two jaws (1 and 2 in the illustration) which are set to the desired line width. The spacebands are now expanded to justify the line. When the line is justified, the matrices fit tightly between

8850-551: The hamlet the most important city in northern Arizona. It also escalated the American Indian Wars , as pioneers and natives increasingly attacked the other, in ever bloodier reprisals. Tribes also chose sides against each other, with the Maricopa and O'odham fighting alongside American and Mexican settlers against the Yavapai and Apache in brutal campaigns. The Hualapai War broke out in northern Arizona in 1865, which brought

8968-409: The illustration below, were most common in the earlier years, with the pot being thermostatically controlled (high flame when under temperature and low flame when up to temperature), and then a second smaller burner for the mouth and throat heating, with the more modern installations running on 1500 watt electric pots with an initially rheostat controlled mouth and throat heaters (several hundred watts on

9086-404: The knife block, which trims off any small irregularities in the casting and produces a slug of exactly the desired point thickness. From there, the slug drops into the galley tray which holds the lines in the order in which they were cast. The most significant innovation in the linotype machine was that it automated the distribution step; i.e., returning the matrices and space bands back to

9204-625: The late 1800s. In 1863 Joseph R. Walker's original mining camp on the banks of Lynx Creek was completely swept away in a flash flood less than a year after arriving in Prescott. In the late 1880s, floods destroyed the first dam on Lynx creek near present-day SR-69. 1891 brought the heaviest flooding on record across Arizona (a record broken in 1993), carving lasting changes to the Verde river drainage, bordering Prescott. The Verde, which has in some years been completely dry, gushed with 4,284 cubic meters per second of water on February 24, 1891, or about half

9322-402: The letter form for a single character of a font of type; i.e., a particular type face in a particular size. The letter forms are engraved into one side of the matrix. For sizes up to 14 points , and in some matrices of size 16 to 24 points, the matrix has two letter forms on it, the normal and auxiliary positions. The normal position has the upright (Roman) form of a given character, and on

9440-460: The machine via the keyboard, composing lines of text. The other sections are automatic; they start as soon as a line is completely composed. Some Linotype machines included a paper tape reader. This also allowed the text to be typeset to be supplied over a telegraph line ( TeleTypeSetter ). Perforator operators produced paper tape text at a much higher speed which then was cast by more productive tape-controlled Linotype machines. Each matrix contains

9558-440: The machine, it is necessary that oil not be allowed anywhere near the matrix path. Oil in the matrix's path (due to careless maintenance or over-lubrication of nearby parts) can combine with dust, forming a gummy substance that is eventually deposited in the magazine by the matrices. This can cause the matrix to be released from the magazine slower than its usual speed, and usually results in a letter or two arriving out of sequence in

9676-450: The matrices and bands). The assembler itself is a rail that holds the matrices and spacebands, with a jaw on the left end set to the desired line width. When the operator judges that the line is close enough to full (some machines have an attached bell to accomplish the same thing), he raises the casting lever on the bottom of the keyboard to send the line to the casting section of the linotype machine. The remaining processing for that line

9794-408: The matrices, and then fills the mold cavity to provide a solid slug body. These have character shapes punched into them, so the result is a cast slug with the character shapes of the line on its top face. The mold disk is sometimes water-cooled, and often air-cooled with a blower, to carry away the heat of the molten type metal and allow the cast slugs to solidify quickly. When casting is complete,

9912-427: The mold disk is the crucible, which contains molten type metal at an optimal 535 °F. At the moment before casting, the mold disk moves forward on its slide. Studs in the mold disc engage with blocks on the vise so that the mold disc seats gently, yet tightly and squarely against the line of matrices held in the first elevator jaws and between the vise jaws. The vise jaws compress the line of matrices so molten metal

10030-490: The most famous in the United States, draws some 35,000 tourists a year. The towns of Prescott Valley , 7 miles (11 km) east; Chino Valley , 16 miles (26 km) north; Dewey-Humboldt , 13 miles (21 km) east, and Prescott comprise what is locally known as the "Quad-City" area. This also sometimes refers to central Yavapai County in general, which would include the towns of: Mayer , Paulden , Wilhoit , and Williamson Valley . Combined with these smaller communities,

10148-401: The most frequently used letters on the left. The first two columns of keys are: e, t, a, o, i, n; and s, h, r, d, l, u. A Linotype operator would often deal with a typing error by running his fingers down these two columns, thus filling out the line with the nonsense words etaoin shrdlu , in what is known as a "run down". It is often quicker to cast a bad slug than to hand-correct the line within

10266-482: The most significant bit. The codes count up from the left side of the main magazine. Code 0 (no teeth) is for spacebands, which are not carried up to the distributor. Code 1 is skipped (no reason for this is given in the Linotype manual). Codes 2 through 92 are for the 91-channel main magazine, and the codes above that are for the auxiliary magazine, if one is installed on the machine. The widest auxiliary magazine has 34 channels, so its rightmost channel

10384-427: The mouth and throat heaters thermostatically controlled, an improvement over the manual rheostat adjustment, or gas flame adjustment. The Linotype company supplied kerosene heaters and line-shaft operated machines for use in locales without electricity. The casting section receives completed lines from the assembler, and uses these to cast the type slugs that are the product of the linotype machine. The casting section

10502-561: The natural lakes with 5 acres (2.0 ha) of surface water at Granite Basin Lake. None of these lakes permit swimming due to a history of water quality problems, however all are popular recreational destinations near Prescott. Granite Creek flows generally north from the Bradshaw Mountains through the city, the Granite Dells, and the Little Chino Valley to the Verde River . Prescott

10620-399: The next line. The keyboard has 90 keys. The usual arrangement is that black keys on the left were for small letters, white keys on the right were for capital letters, and blue keys in the center for numbers, punctuation marks, spaces, small caps and other items. There is no shift key of the kind found on typewriters. The arrangement of letters corresponds roughly to letter frequency, with

10738-409: The next year. Arizona Territorial Governor John Noble Goodwin selected the site of Prescott following his first tour of the new territory. Goodwin replaced Governor John A. Gurley , appointed by Abraham Lincoln, who died before taking office. Downtown streets in Prescott are named in honor of both of them. Goodwin selected a site south of the temporary capital on the east side of Granite Creek near

10856-542: The number down to less than 30 as of June 2018. The cultures of Prescott's recovery community, the students at Prescott College , and preexisting small town punk subculture have fostered a thriving punk scene. Shows are hosted weekly at house venues , tattoo shops, and bars throughout downtown and the Dexter neighborhood. Prescott has been home to several nationally known punk bands, including Bueno, Life in Pictures , and Hour of

10974-404: The number of blades engaged on ejection are set based on the line length being cast. All blades are engaged for a 30 pica slug, fewer are engaged as the measure of the slug body is narrowed by the use of progressively longer mold liners. This prevents the ejector blades from striking the back of a mold liner on narrow slugs. As the slug is pushed from the mold, the slug passes a set of knife edges in

11092-535: The oldest newspaper in Arizona. The paper was published under military protection by staff who had "rifles strapped to their backs." Later that year, after the first six issues, McCormick moved the publication to Prescott , the new capital of the Territory. Emmet A. Bentley, editor from July 1866 was shot by Apache Indians on Weaver Mountain in February 1867 and died a few days later in the paper's office at age 27. Bentley

11210-414: The operator to grab the hell bucket and catch the flowing lead. It was so called because the bucket would often "go to hell", or melt, while holding the molten lead that was still extremely hot. Also, in conjunction with possible hazards facing an operator, toxic lead fumes were possible, as they were the result of melting the lead ingots for casting. The justification vise holds the assembled line against

11328-499: The other mining districts. Since there was no extant Mexican population, there was little to temper the racism of new Anglos from the Eastern United States. There were also very few women on the frontier at the time; an 1864 census found just 40. 31 were Mexican, which, combined with the racism of the territory, led to frequent allegations of sexual promiscuity. By the 1870s, as Prescott became increasingly "civilized", it took on

11446-568: The paper began using a linotype machine and became a franchise of the Associated Press . In 1908, John W. Milnes purchased the paper and took over as editor; he changed the name to the Weekly Journal-Miner . Milnes retained control of the paper for nearly fifteen years. Needing more space, the publishing office moved to a two-story building at Cortez and Union streets in 1914 with a Goss web- perfecting press . The last proprietors of

11564-672: The paper were Arthur John Doud, publisher, and A. V. Napier, manager, who acquired the publication on July 1, 1929, and operated it until its closure in April 1934. From December 1873 to August 1885, a daily edition, the Arizona Daily Miner , was also published. The Arizona Journal , a Republican-leaning paper established in 1883 merged with Daily Miner to become the Prescott Journal-Miner . Prescott, Arizona Prescott ( / ˈ p r ɛ s k ə t / PRESS -kət )

11682-495: The paper's political leanings returned to their Republican roots and the name was changed back to the Weekly Arizona Miner . In 1882 Beach planned to sell the paper to Samuel N. Holmes, but Holmes died before the deal was signed. Despite ongoing financial difficulties, Beach continued to publish the newspaper for several more years. In late 1885, John C. Martin, the editor of Prescott's Arizona Weekly Journal , proposed

11800-453: The plunger is drawn upward, pulling the metal back down the throat from the mouthpiece. The pot pulls backward away from the mold. The mold disk retracts from the vise studs which held it in perfect relation to the mold, thus breaking the slug away from the matrices. The mold disc then rotates counter-clockwise. In its travel, the slug base is trimmed by the back knife for height to paper (.918") and then returns to its neutral position in front of

11918-478: The publishing staff and the paper's frequency increased from semi-monthly to weekly; it was also renamed the Weekly Arizona Miner . After Weaver left in 1874, the paper was renamed the Arizona Weekly Miner . Over the next few years the staff changed again, with Thomas J. Butler becoming editor and part-owner in 1875, then selling his interest in 1876. Charles W. Beach thereafter assumed the duties of editor, and Marion sold his interest to Beach in 1877. Under Beach,

12036-451: The same line, and the Model 9 extended this capability to mixing from up to four magazines within a single line. In a linotype machine, the term escapements refers to the mechanisms at the bottom of the magazine that release matrices one at a time as keys are pressed on the keyboard. There is an escapement for each channel in the magazine. To keep the matrices circulating smoothly throughout

12154-632: The size of the Columbia river . Tropical Storm Octave , in 1983, brought 14.5" of rain to parts of Prescott in less than forty-eight hours. Damages included the Santa Fe Railway , which was washed out in so many places it was completely abandoned the following year. Two Prescott area college students died in Granite Creek during flooding in 2004, which brought an official state of emergency declaration from state governor Napolitano . Significant flooding has been recorded as recently as 2018, prompting

12272-427: The slug). The disk stops when the mold is vertical, on the right, directly in front of the ejector . The ejector is a stacked series of narrow blades that push the completed slug from the mold aperture in the mold disk. The blades are narrow enough to pass through a mold set to 6-points in thickness with .004" clearance between the fixed mold face and the left side of the blades. The blades are each 2 picas in width and

12390-441: The spaceband key and the left column of keys. The operator's right hand strokes the remaining keys on the entire keyboard. The keys of the keyboard are connected by vertical pushrods to the escapements. When a key is pressed, the corresponding escapement is actuated, which releases a matrix from the magazine. With one exception, each key corresponds directly to a channel in the standard ( 90 channel ) magazine. The one exception

12508-403: The spacebands expanded all the way, the matrices are not tight. A safety mechanism in the justification vise detects this and blocks the casting operation. Without such a mechanism, the result would be a squirt of molten type metal spraying out through the gaps between the matrices, creating a time-consuming mess and a possible hazard to the operator. If a squirt did occur, it was generally up to

12626-403: The teeth are cut away; which pattern of teeth is cut away depends on the character on the matrix; i.e., which channel in the magazine it belongs in. Similarly, teeth are cut away along portions of the distributor bar. The bar on the elevator has all teeth, so it will hold any matrix (but not the space bands, which have no teeth at all). As the matrices are carried along the distributor bar by

12744-411: The time, since distribution may take much longer; however, the front part of the distributor completed its job before the next line of matrices was distributed). The construction of the machine was such that both the return of the former line to the magazine and the composition of the next line could occur while the current line was being cast, enabling very high productivity. Older machines typically had

12862-481: The values of Victorian society, including its sexual standards. There were exceptions, however. Mary DeCrow , a white woman, arriving around 1863, had a relationship with a black Texan, breaking taboos around miscegenation . She later married a Mexican blacksmith, starting a boarding house with him; public opinion calmed down after this and she eventually became much loved. Another legendary Prescott woman, Mary Sawyer, wore men's clothes, drank hard, swore hard, and worked

12980-423: The vise jaws, forming a tight seal that will prevent the molten type metal from escaping when the line is cast. Justification is done by a spring-loaded ram (5) which raises the tails of the spacebands, unless the machine was equipped with a Star Parts automatic hydraulic quadding attachment or Linotype hydraquadder. If the operator did not assemble enough characters, the line will not justify correctly: even with

13098-546: The winding portion of this railroad that twists and curves, resembling the vine on which peas grow. The Peavine trail connects to the Iron King Trail, which was the route of the old Prescott and Eastern Railroad through the Granite Dells. Other lakes include Lynx, Granite Basin and Goldwater, all surrounding different areas of this rustic community. Goldwater Lake, by Goldwater Park, is 4 miles (6.4 km) from downtown Prescott, has 15 acres (6.1 ha) of water surface, and

13216-670: The year. Snowfall is typically light and snow cover usually melts away quickly; the average seasonal total was 10.2 inches (26 cm).The largest portion of precipitation falls during the July–September monsoon season. Average daytime temperatures remain above 50 °F (10 °C) the entire year, but diurnal temperature variation is large throughout the year, averaging nearly 30 °F (17 °C) annually. On average, temperatures reach 90 °F (32 °C) on 44 days annually, though 100 °F (38 °C)+ readings are uncommon and occur only 1–2 days per year on average, much unlike

13334-689: Was born in Burlington, Iowa and came to Arizona in 1863. Although McCormick established the paper as "the creature of the new territorial government", the paper had little political content in its early years, aside from reporting on the reelection of President Lincoln in 1864 and on meetings of the Arizona Territorial Legislature . Still, William F. Turner , the Chief Justice of the Territorial Supreme Court of Arizona and

13452-789: Was featured in the 1972 film Junior Bonner . Prescott hosts annual events such as Frontier Days, Easter Egg-Stravaganza, the Bluegrass Festival, Earth Day , July 4 Celebration, Tsunami on the Square , art festivals, a Cinco de Mayo celebration, Navajo Rug Auction, Pumpkin Patch Carnival, World's Largest Gingerbread Village at the Prescott Resort & Conference center (on the Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe reservation), Prescott Film Festival, Folk Arts Fair, parades,

13570-498: Was finally moved to Phoenix on February 4, 1889, by the 15th Arizona Territorial Legislature . The three Arizona Territory capitals reflected the changes in political influence of different regions of the territory as they grew and developed. Prescott also holds a place in the larger history of the American southwest. Both Virgil Earp (brother of Wyatt Earp ) and Doc Holliday lived in Prescott before their now infamous gunfight at

13688-524: Was originally inhabited by the indigenous Yavapai , who had split off from Patayan groups around 1300 AD. The first recorded European contact with the Yavapai was made by Spaniard Antonio de Espejo in 1583, who was looking for gold. Until the 1860s, there was no permanent European presence. The territory was explored by the Walker Party in 1862 and 1863. Walker and his men discovered gold at Hassayampa Creek , just south of Prescott, in 1863. Further gold

13806-424: Was rebuilt after the fire, and is now the state's oldest continuous business. Merchant Sam Hill's large hardware store was near Whiskey Row. Prescott is host to the self-proclaimed "World's Oldest Rodeo", running continuously since 1888. Also known as "Frontier Days", it runs in the days leading up to Fourth of July. It is one of the most famous rodeos in the United States. In the 2010s, it drew over 35,000 tourists

13924-508: Was struck at nearby Lynx Creek , Weaver Creek, and Big Bug . With the backing of Ohio railroad magnates, the Arizona Organic Act establishing the Arizona Territory was pushed through in February 1863. The land was now open to settlers. Fort Whipple was established the same year near present day Chino Valley . The fort was also made the territorial capital. The fort was moved to more mountainous terrain 20 miles (32 km) south

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