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61-463: The Wedtech scandal was an American political scandal involving the award of government contracts. It was first brought to light in 1986. The Wedtech Corporation was founded in the Bronx , New York by John Mariotta, and originally manufactured baby carriages . But after a number of years, Mariotta brought in a partner, Fred Neuberger, and began focusing on winning small business set-aside contracts for

122-408: A Small Business Administration program that gave preference to minority-owned businesses, despite the fact that Fred Neuberger, not a member of any government recognized minority, owned a majority of the company's stock, thus disqualifying Wedtech as a minority-owned business. To keep Neuberger's controlling ownership secret, the company committed fraud , forging papers that claimed Mariotta was still

183-500: A Mahanntan Court issued indiciments for Mario Biaggi, Stanley Simon, and Peter P. Neglia. By the final years of Reagan's second term, Wedtech's crimes had become too numerous to hide. An independent counsel was appointed by Congress, which later charged Attorney General Edwin Meese with complicity in the scandal (his close friend had worked as a lobbyist for the company and sought help from Meese on Wedtech contract matters). While Meese

244-837: A Political Action Committee. Outside of North America, the Infrastructure unit's headquarters is located at the company's London office. The Mining & Metals unit is based out of Santiago, Chile, and Brisbane. In 2013, the company established its global center of engineering excellence in Dubai focusing on rail and marine projects. It established innovation centers in Houston and London in 2015 and Santiago in 2018 to test new technology. Bechtel works on global megaprojects through its four business units. The company frequently manages work from design through construction phases. Its corporate values include safety, quality, and ethics. Bechtel

305-435: A cold shoulder response by Bechtel expressing they would simply cut-off water to those who did not pay. Further protests were enhanced when agricultural sectors realized the bylaws allowed Bechtel and the consortium rights to rain water as well, which was assumed to mean they could no longer collect rain water. Violence between protesters and police resulted in the burning of government buildings and hundreds of injured within

366-526: A competitively-bid second contract in January 2004, and completed 97 of 99 task orders of the contract, returning the two remaining projects due to the escalating security concerns in the country. Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Bechtel was one of four companies hired by FEMA to build temporary housing. Bechtel delivered over 35,000 trailers in under a year for displaced residents in Mississippi , though

427-474: A consortium named "Aguas del Tunari" (Water of Tunari – a local regional term) to file a bid to the city of Cochabamba , Bolivia in 1999. Bechtel was a 27% partner and Abengoa S.A. of Spain was a 25% partner. This bid was in response to the increasing pressure from the World Bank , which had funded and extended water supply projects for the country of Bolivia , to privatize the water utility of Cochabamba. With

488-897: A new dynamic leaching pad and a mineral handling system. In 2015, the unit completed the Las Bambas copper concentrator in Peru for MMG , the Kitimat aluminum smelter in Canada for Rio Tinto Group ., and the Escondida Organic Growth Project 1 (OGP1), the largest single-line copper concentrator ever built. M&M also completed a third berth for the BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) at Hay Point Coal Terminal in Queensland, Australia, which increased export capacity from

549-1033: A power transmission project in Canada , which included 1,200 new transmission towers and 85 miles (137 km) of transmission lines in 2013. Bechtel completed Phase I of an extension of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail in Northern Virginia and completed the Hamad International Airport in Doha , Qatar, in 2014. Bechtel also completed the world's largest solar thermal project, the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System in California , which began producing power in February 2014. In 2015, Bechtel began work as project manager of

610-604: A result of the Gulf War , Bechtel accepted the task of extinguishing oil well fires in Kuwait in 1991. This fire-suppression project was part of the effort to rebuild the infrastructure of Kuwait. In 1994, Bechtel began work on the US$ 20 billion Hong Kong Airport Core Programme , which was the largest civil engineering project at the time and included a new airport and nine other infrastructure projects. Bechtel's other major projects during

671-562: Is headquartered in Reston, which also houses the company's global operational headquarters, as well as the headquarters of the Nuclear, Security & Environmental global business unit and the Americas offices of the Infrastructure global business unit. The company's Oil, Gas & Chemicals unit is based in the Houston office. The Washington office is home to the government affairs team, and maintains

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732-637: Is intended to serve an estimated 200 million people a year upon completion. As of June 2015, the project is 65% complete. In 2016, Bechtel began construction on the first phase of the Edmonton Valley Line Light Rail Transit project in Alberta , Canada, the first public–private partnership (P3) business group. The company is also involved in several ongoing projects as of 2016, including building national infrastructure in Gabon and supporting

793-545: Is leading a consortium in the engineering, procurement and construction of lines One and Two of the Riyadh, Saudi Arabia metro, which began construction in April 2014. In July 2014, Bechtel was selected to build a new 37-mile motorway linking Kosovo's capital, Pristina , to Macedonia . Bechtel is also participating in the building of London's Crossrail , a $ 24 billion project that will connect commuter towns east and west of London and

854-703: The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system in 1959. Stephen D. Bechtel Jr. took over for his father as president of the company as Stephen Bechtel Sr. retired in 1960. During the 1960s and 1970s, Bechtel was involved in constructing 40% of the nuclear plants in the United States. In 1968, the company completed the largest nuclear plant in the U.S. at the time, the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station , in California. In 1972, Bechtel

915-627: The Department of Defense . As a major employer in a depressed part of New York City , Wedtech enjoyed a strong local reputation and was even praised by then U.S. President Ronald Reagan for the jobs it provided for those who might otherwise be forced onto welfare rolls. Mariotta was praised as the Small Business Owner of the Year by the U.S. Small Business Administration. Wedtech had won many of its defense contracts without competitive bidding under

976-804: The Experimental Breeder Reactor I in Idaho . The company later built the United States' first privately financed commercial nuclear power plant, the Dresden Generating Station , for Commonwealth Edison in Illinois in 1957. Other major projects in the 1950s included the Trans Mountain Pipeline in 1952, an oil pipeline in Canada , and a preliminary study for the English Channel in 1959. Bechtel also began engineering work on

1037-669: The Houston Galleria area; in 2022 the company announced it would move those offices to Westchase, Houston effective late 2023. The Infrastructure unit handles transportation , power, and hydroelectric facilities. Transportation projects include highways , bridges , rail , and aviation facilities. Bechtel has built more than 17,200 miles (27,700 km) of roadway, 390 power plants, 50 hydroelectric plants, as well as 20 towns and cities globally. It has worked on 300 subway and rail projects, 80 port and harbor projects, and 96 major airport projects. Bechtel's Infrastructure unit

1098-607: The New York National Guard and Governor Mario Cuomo's former chief of staff. Vito Castellano pled guilty to state charges of tax evasion in connection with payments from the Wedtech Corporation. Indicted on charges of bribing Mr. Castellano was Bernard C. Ehrlich, who Castellano had promoted to the commanding officer of the 42d Infantry Division of the National Guard. Wedtech then began extending its reach to

1159-632: The Southeastern U.S. Among completed projects, Bechtel finished a 10.8 miles (17.4 km) four-lane motorway in Kosovo a year ahead of schedule in November 2013. The unit completed the 143 MW Catalina Solar photovoltaic generating facility and the construction of the 250 MW California Valley Solar Ranch in 2013. Bechtel also completed the Hanna Region Transmission Development,

1220-563: The Sydney Metro project. Considered Australia's largest public infrastructure project, the work includes new twin rail tunnels under Sydney Harbour . Bechtel won the contract in August 2017 to design and build a 473-kilometer highway with 19 interchanges linking Nairobi, Kenya's capital, to Mombasa, Kenya's main port. The first section is targeted to open in October 2019 and the entire length of

1281-535: The White House , utilizing President Reagan's press secretary, Lyn Nofziger , to contact public liaison officer (and future Senator) Elizabeth Dole . Through Dole, Wedtech won a $ 32 million contract to produce small engines for the United States Army . This was only the first of many no-bid deals that eventually totaled $ 250 million. In 1985, Edwin Meese invested in stock with a Wetech consultant. In 1987,

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1342-468: The western United States . The company worked on its first hydroelectric projects in the 1920s for Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California . In 1925, Warren, his sons Warren A. Bechtel Jr, Stephen , Kenneth (Ken), and his brother Arthur (Art) joined him to incorporate as W.A. Bechtel Company , which by this time was the leading construction company in the western United States. In 1929, Warren's son, Stephen, urged his father to embark on

1403-962: The 1990s included the Athens Metro system, the Atlantic LNG in Trinidad , the Croatian Motorway , the Jubilee Line Extension for the London Underground , Quezon Power Plant in the Philippines , and a semiconductor plant in China. Bechtel also managed design and construction of facilities for Olympic games: the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics , and the Winter Games in Nagano, Japan in 1998. In

1464-454: The Big Dig became more complex than was originally estimated. Criticism of the project increased in 2005 when a leak sprang in one of the new tunnels. In the summer of 2006, a faulty tunnel ceiling panel collapsed, killing a motorist. Litigation ensued, and in January 2008, Bechtel settled with federal and state officials for $ 352 million with other contractors involved paying smaller amounts. As

1525-602: The Rain with actor Gael García Bernal depicts a historical fiction story set in this time. The conflict became known as the Cochabamba Water War . Bechtel's major operational locations are in Brisbane , Calgary , Chandler, Arizona , Dubai , Houston , Knoxville, Tennessee , London , New Delhi , Reston, Virginia , San Francisco , Santiago , Shanghai , Nairobi , Taipei , and Washington, D.C. The company

1586-838: The Toronto-York Spadina subway extension for the Toronto Transit Commission . The project was completed in 2017. Bechtel completed construction of the Stonewall Energy Facility in May 2017. The 778 megawatt natural gas-fired power plant supplies electricity to 778,000 homes in northern Virginia and the Washington, D.C., metro area. Bechtel's work on the Carroll County Energy Facility in Ohio for Advanced Power

1647-579: The company began work on the industrial city of Jubail in Saudi Arabia. The company's multiple construction contracts helped to transform the area from a small village to a city with a population of over a quarter of a million people. In the 1980s, Bechtel handled the project management of the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics . The company also built the Ankara-Gerede Motorway in Turkey as part of

1708-504: The company diversified its projects and expanded its work into other countries. The company also focused on turnkey projects, a concept Stephen Bechtel Sr. pioneered, in which Bechtel handled a project from planning and design through construction. Bechtel's first job outside the U.S. was building the Mene Grande pipeline in Venezuela in 1940. In 1947, Bechtel began construction on what

1769-610: The company pulled out of the country and later filed suit against Bolivia for $ 25 million in losses. The claim was settled in 2006 for $ 0.30. In 2001, Bechtel began work on the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant at the Hanford site in Washington state . The project is a highly complex plant for the treatment of radioactive liquid waste that has employed new technologies and construction techniques that are

1830-562: The company to bid for a contract to build half of their order of 60 cargo ships. The company had no prior experience in shipbuilding , but bid for the entire 60 ships. Between 1941 and 1945, Bechtel's wartime shipyards, including Marinship and Calship , built 560 vessels. Bechtel also worked on a pipeline from the Yukon to Alaska called Canol for the United States Department of War during this period. Under Stephen Bechtel Sr.,

1891-640: The company was criticized by officials and in the media for the cost and quality of work. In 2007, Bechtel began work on the Romanian A3 motorway (Autostrada Transilvania) and Albanian motorways. Bechtel and the Romanian National Roads Authority jointly agreed on a settlement to end the contract for works on the Autostrada Transilvania in 2013. The Albanian Motorway was opened to traffic in 2010 on schedule. Other major projects at

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1952-642: The company's first pipeline project. Bechtel began working with California Standard Oil Company to build pipelines and refineries. In January 1931, Bechtel joined other contractors in the west to form Six Companies, Inc. , a consortium created to bid for a contract from the U.S. government to construct the Hoover Dam . Six Companies won the bid in March and construction began in the summer of 1931. Warren Bechtel died unexpectedly in 1933 while in Moscow on business. He

2013-448: The continuous development of Jubail industrial city in Saudi Arabia. Bechtel has worked at Jubail for more than 40 years, and was granted a five-year extension on both projects June 2016. In February 2017, Bechtel was chosen to support setting up and operating Saudi Arabia's National Project Management Office. In May 2017, Bechtel was appointed the delivery management partner for the tunnels and stations excavation package of Stage 2 of

2074-717: The early 2000s, the company provided planning and management services for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . In 2001, Bechtel was part of a consortium to project manage the US$ 4.3 billion construction of the CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Complex in China . Several projects in the 2000s attracted controversy. In 2000, after a protest against water prices being raised by a utility partially owned by Bechtel in Bolivia ,

2135-472: The electronic media have covered it in depth. The Muckraker movement in American journalism was a component of the Progressive Era in the U.S. in the early 20th century. Journalists have built their careers on exposure of corruption and political scandal, often acting on behalf of the opposition party. The political ideology of media owners plays a role—they prefer to target the opposition but will reluctantly cover their own side. Journalists have to frame

2196-446: The end of the 2000s included the twinning of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington state, Jamnagar Refinery expansion in India , Equatorial GuineaLNG , and Oak Creek Power Plant in Wisconsin . After years of unreliable water supply and 40% water loss in the city of Cochabamba , Bolivia, the World Bank pressured Bolivia to put SEMAPA (the Cochabamba water utility) up for auction without funding. Bechtel and others formed

2257-547: The engineering, procurement, and construction of a water system and desalination plant for the Escondida copper mine in Chile in 2018. The Bechtel-Techint joint venture team built a dual 112-mile-long pipeline to carry desalinated water from the Pacific Coast across the Atacama Desert to the Escondida copper mine approximately 10,000 feet above sea level in the Andes . The Energy unit designs and builds liquefied natural gas (LNG), oil , pipeline , petrochemicals , natural gas , and water treatment facilities. Since

2318-426: The existing 44 Mtpa to 55 Mtpa. Bechtel began building the Al Taweelah alumina refinery (formerly Shaheen) in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates for Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) in 2015. In April 2016, Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) announced that Bechtel had been appointed engineering, procurement, and construction management (EPCM) contractor for the company's Line 6 Expansion Project. The initiative will make Alba

2379-492: The first days of the conflict. The local governments of Manfred Reyes Villa (mayor) and Jose Pepe Orias (prefect or governor) resigned. The contract was ultimately abandoned, for which Bechtel in February 2021 demanded settlement. The aftermath of the violence was destruction of public property in downtown Cochabamba paid for by taxpayers, the death of one civilian, restitution by the government, and hundreds of injured police, military personnel, and protestors. A movie titled Even

2440-444: The first of their kind. As of 2013, it is considered the most complex project in the US. Management of the project has been the subject of controversy including the Department of Energy 's Inspector General reports and Government Accountability Office studies regarding rising costs, nuclear safety and quality, and whistleblower allegations. For example, in 2013 the DOE Inspector General concluded that "Bechtel determined that there

2501-515: The highway is scheduled to be complete in 2024. In 2018, Bechtel's work on the Panda Power Funds ' 1.1 GW natural gas Hummel Station Power Plant in Pennsylvania was completed. Bechtel is also working on a project for Advanced Power, the Cricket Valley Energy Center in New York . Bechtel is also building the Keeyask Generating Station, a hydroelectric power plant for Manitoba Hydro in Manitoba , Canada. The Infrastructure unit had also worked on projects for Google Fiber in several markets in

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2562-443: The network of roadways linking Europe and Asia in 1986. In 1987, Bechtel was awarded a contract for project management services of an undersea tunnel linking the UK and France called the Channel Tunnel or "Chunnel". The tunnel was completed in 1994. The recession of the 1980s turned the company's focus toward new areas of growth including environmental cleanup and alternative energy projects. In 1989 Riley P. Bechtel

2623-410: The next several years, eventually moving to Oakland, California , in 1904, where he worked as the superintendent on the Western Pacific Railroad . In 1906, W. A. Bechtel won his first subcontract to build part of the Oroville-to-Oakland section of the Western Pacific Railroad. That year he bought a steam shovel , becoming a pioneer of the new technology. He painted "W.A. Bechtel Co." on the side of

2684-513: The perjury. Political scandal In politics , a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians , government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt , unethical or sexual practices. Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares. Scandal sells, and broadsides, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and

2745-417: The primary owner of the company. When Wedtech went public, it gave shares of stock to law firms (as payment for legal services), including Squadron, Ellenoff, Plesent & Sheinfeld . Some of the law firms employed members or relatives of members of the U.S. House of Representatives , including Bronx Congressmen Mario Biaggi and Robert Garcia . Both would later resign their seats due to their roles in

2806-407: The scandal and were subsequently jailed, as were State Senators Clarence Mitchell III and Michael Mitchell of Maryland . With undisclosed holdings in Wedtech, they used their positions to help Wedtech win federal work. Another key figure in the scandal was Paul Castellano 's first cousin, Maj. General Vito Castellano who occupied key capitol positions in Albany , such as the former commander of

2867-460: The scandal. Some of these convictions, however, were reversed on appeal in 1991 when it was found that Anthony Guariglia, former Wedtech president and a star government witness, had committed perjury , and that the prosecutors had reason to know he was committing perjury. Guariglia had been convicted of lying about stopping his compulsive gambling, and an appeals court found that the jury would have likely discredited his testimony if it had known about

2928-468: The steam shovel, effectively establishing Bechtel as a company, although it was not yet incorporated. Bechtel completed work on a series of railroad contracts during the early 1900s, culminating in an extension of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad finished in 1914. Starting with the construction of Klamath River Highway in California in 1919, Bechtel ventured into jobs other than building railroads. The company built roads, bridges, and highways throughout

2989-415: The story in terms of the audience's values and expectations to maximize the impact. Bechtel Corporation Bechtel's business activities began in 1898, when cattle farmer Warren A. Bechtel moved from Peabody, Kansas , to the Oklahoma Territory to construct railroads with his team of mules . Bechtel moved his family frequently between construction sites around the western United States for

3050-436: The strings attached in 1995, and the World Bank participating in draft bids in 1997, the Aguas del Tunari consortium were the only bidders for the auction. The bid was accepted, under pressure of the World Bank and the conditions of their loans to Bolivia. The terms were ratified in the often-cited Law 2029 by the legislative body of Bolivia, however largely it had previously been accepted and influenced by local governments. Under

3111-460: The terms, Bechtel and the consortium immediately raised water pricing 35% and after the first month they had raised the price for water to the residents by almost 60% and in other parts much higher. The Bechtel consortium contract claimed harvesting of rainwater violated its contract essentially monopolizing the supply of water to millions of people. Water became one fifth of the average person's expenses and protests erupted. Protests were met with

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3172-439: The unit completed construction of Saudi Arabia 's first aluminum smelter in Ras Al-Khair , the Daunia coal mine in Queensland, Australia, and the expansion of the Kooragang Coal Terminal in Port Waratah in Australia, increasing capacity to 145 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa). In 2014, M&M completed the Caval Ridge coal mine in Queensland, and began operations at Escondida's OLAP copper cathode project, which consisted of

3233-442: The world's largest single-site aluminum smelter upon completion, boosting production to 1.5 Mtpa. That same month, Rio Tinto announced that Kitimat had reached full production levels of 420,000 tonnes per annum, while Las Bambas achieved commercial production in July 2016. As of 2016, Bechtel is advancing the Amrun bauxite initiative for Rio Tinto in Australia, which announced project approval in November 2015. Bechtel completed

3294-404: Was a systemic problem and a breakdown in controls over the review of design changes", but that the company had taken steps to correct the problems. In 2003, Bechtel won a $ 680 million contract to begin rebuilding infrastructure in Iraq for U.S. Agency for International Development . The contract led to the company being accused of both non-competitive bidding and war profiteering . Bechtel won

3355-683: Was also completed in 2017. In 2018, the unit completed a new air passenger terminal in Muscat , Oman. In May 2022, Bechtel was hired to update the Vision 2041 plan for Shannon Foynes Port in Ireland. The Mining & Metals (M&M) unit works on projects related to the mining and production of materials such as aluminum , coal , copper , iron ore , alumina and other metals and minerals. The unit operates on six continents and has completed hundreds of major mining projects as well as more than 1,000 mining studies. It has also finished 42 major copper projects, 30 aluminum smelters , 15 major coal projects, and eight alumina refinery projects. In 2013,

3416-408: Was involved in approximately 20% of all of the United States' new power-generating capacity. By the end of the decade, the company had moved from nuclear power construction toward nuclear cleanup projects, including Three Mile Island in 1979. Bechtel completed work on other megaprojects during the 1970s, including major airports in Saudi Arabia and the metro rail in Washington, D.C. In 1976,

3477-432: Was named president of the company. In 1991, Bechtel, in a joint venture with Parsons Brinckerhoff , broke ground on Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project or " Big Dig ", a project the company had been in charge of since 1986. The Big Dig was, at the time, the largest and most complex urban transportation project ever undertaken in the US. The 20-year project was critiqued for rising costs and increasing scope of work, as

3538-596: Was never convicted of any wrongdoing, he resigned in 1988 when the independent counsel delivered the report on Wedtech. Independent counsel James McKay never prosecuted or sought indictment of Meese, but in his official report, which is still confidential, he was highly critical of Meese's ethics and urged further investigation of Meese's role in that scandal and others (such as Meese's efforts to help Bechtel Corporation build an oil pipeline for Saddam Hussein 's Iraq ). In all, more than 20 state, local, and federal government officials were convicted of crimes in connection to

3599-417: Was succeeded by his oldest son, Warren A. Bechtel Jr., first, then later Stephen Bechtel Sr. , who became both the head of Bechtel and chief executive of the Hoover Dam project. Under his leadership, the Hoover Dam was finished in 1935. The project was the largest of its kind in U.S. history at the time and Bechtel's first megaproject . During World War II , the United States Maritime Commission invited

3660-524: Was the presenting sponsor of "Dream Big: Engineering Our World", a 42-minute IMAX documentary produced by MacGillivray Freeman Films in partnership with American Society of Civil Engineers. The documentary seeks to inspire young people to pursue engineering careers. Bechtel opened its welding and applied technology center in 2017 in the Houston Energy Corridor to train welding and construction workers. The center also provides virtual training and augmented reality to train workers. Its Houston offices were in

3721-432: Was then the world's longest oil pipeline, the Trans-Arabian Pipeline , which began in Saudi Arabia , ran across Jordan and Syria , and ended in Lebanon , followed by the Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline from Kirkuk, also to the Mediterranean. The company continued to expand globally throughout the 1940s, particularly in the Middle East . In 1949, Bechtel began working with nuclear power after being contracted to build

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