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75-457: We Are Peru was formed in 1995 under the name of "We Are Lima" (Somos Lima) as a personalist vehicle for mayoral candidate Alberto Andrade who broke from the Christian People's Party . Andrade was elected Mayor of Lima and became a leading figure of the opposition against then-president Alberto Fujimori . He was considered a main contender against Fujimori in the 2000 general election and

150-458: A "factual denial of confidence" against his government, Vizcarra dissolved the Peruvian Congress and issued a decree for legislative elections. This initiated the 2019 constitutional crisis in which Congress unsuccessfully attempted to remove him and resulted in the resignation of Second Vice President Mercedes Aráoz . The snap election for a new congress was held on 26 January 2020 , with

225-466: A better environment for future Peruvians. Following multiple corruption scandals facing the Peruvian government, on 28 July 2018, President Vizcarra called for a nationwide referendum to prohibit private funding for political campaigns, ban the reelection of lawmakers and to create a second legislative chamber. The Washington Post stated that "Vizcarra’s decisive response to a graft scandal engulfing

300-465: A bill the following day on 11 October 2018 to remove Vizcarra's referendum proposals and to modify the referendum with their own suggestions to the public. On 9 December 2018, Peruvians ultimately accepted three of four of the proposals in the referendum, only rejecting the final proposal of creating a bicameral congress when Vizcarra withdrew his support when the Fujimorista-led congress manipulated

375-455: A close supporter of Humala, took charge with the impeachment processes against Vizcarra, making the charges that began both trials. Alarcón himself, according to Vice News , was protected from criminal charges of embezzlement and illicit monetary gains due to parliamentary immunity , charges that could have resulted with seventeen years in prison. As Peru's economy declined due to the pandemic, Vizcarra faced increased political pressure from

450-420: A constitutional process on 29 May 2019 that would create a motion of no confidence towards congress if they refused to cooperate with his proposed actions against corruption. For the next four months, congress delayed bills targeting corruption and postponed general elections proposed by Vizcarra. Demanding reforms against corruption, Vizcarra called for a vote of no confidence on 27 September 2019, stating it

525-525: A crime. The hearing was scheduled for 17 March, where Judge María de los Ángeles Álvarez Camacho, after hearing both reasons from the prosecution and the defense of Vizcarra, rejected the request for preventive detention and appearance with restrictions was imposed. On 18 March 2024, the Peruvian Public Prosecutor's Office raided the home of Martin Vizcarra, in the most luxurious neighborhood of

600-545: A disapproval rate of 13% while about 30% of respondents were undecided. A month later, Vizcarra's approval rating dipped to 52% according to a May 2018 Ipsos survey. By September 2018 after he had called for a referendum, thousands of Peruvians marched in support of his proposal and to protest against Congress, with Ipsos reporting that Vizcarra's approval rating reached a peak of 66% in December 2018. Into 2019, Ipsos polls showed that support for Vizcarra began to decline early in

675-593: A legislative election was held to replace the dissolved congress, with the previous Fujimorist majority being replaced with many centrist parties. Analysts Diego Pereira and Lucila Barbeito of JPMorgan Chase & Co described the new congress as being "even more antagonistic to the [Vizcarra] government than the previous one". According to Americas Quarterly , the four main right-wing parties of congress – Alliance for Progress , Podemos Perú , Popular Action and Union for Peru – feared Vizcarra's anti-corruption measures on campaign financing, political transparency and

750-428: A limited number of occasions and audio of Cisneros saying that he influenced Vizcarra's rise to office and decision to dissolve congress. Merino quickly initiated a movement to remove Vizcarra from office. As President of Congress, Merino would assume the presidential office if Vizcarra was vacated. Vizcarra responded to the release of the recordings, stating, "I am not going to resign. I am not running away" and that

825-556: A lot of positive image when he began to visit the poorest and most remote areas of Lima. Despite the fact that all the voting intention polls put Andrade as the sure winner, Castañeda in a few weeks managed to tip the electorate in his favor. The results were 39.9% for Castañeda and 29.9% for Andrade. The party participated in the 2006 elections as part of the Centre Front together with the Popular Action (AP). Alberto Andrade ran as

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900-559: A proposed copper mine, playing a major role in settling the dispute. Vizcarra served as governor until the end of 2014. Vizcarra was elected into the office of First Vice President of Peru in 2016 general election , running beside Pedro Pablo Kuczynski of the Peruanos Por el Kambio party. Shortly after being elected, he was also tasked with serving as Minister of Transportation and Communications. As Minister of Transportation and Communications, Vizcarra served for about one year. During

975-417: A second time after declaring him "morally incompetent" and removed him from office. The President of Congress and opposition leader Manuel Merino succeeded Vizcarra as President of Peru the following day. Vizcarra's impeachment incited street protests , as an overwhelming majority of Peruvians and political analysts believed the impeachment was unsubstantiated, with several Peruvian media outlets labeling

1050-625: A series of floods in late 2016 and early 2017 which devastated much of Peru, he was tasked with managing the crisis. With allegations of bribery and bureaucracy plaguing the construction of the Chinchero International Airport in Cusco, Vizcarra cancelled many contracts until an investigation by the Comptroller's Office was completed. After facing complaints by political opponents and being summoned to provide hours of testimony surrounding

1125-463: Is a Peruvian engineer and politician who served as President of Peru from 2018 to 2020. Vizcarra previously served as Governor of the Department of Moquegua (2011–2014), First Vice President of Peru (2016–2018), Minister of Transport and Communications of Peru (2016–2017), and Ambassador of Peru to Canada (2017–2018), with the latter three during the presidency of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski . In

1200-423: Is only 61%. Banks also experienced crowding as relief recipients without bank accounts had to go in person to obtain their stimulus payments. Vizcarra's government has responded to the pandemic by maintaining a nationwide lockdown since 15 March 2020, with all businesses except pharmacies, food vendors, financial institutions, and health facilities being closed. Peru's gross domestic product fell 30.2 percent in

1275-526: The 2016 general election , Vizcarra ran with the Peruvians for Change presidential ticket as Pedro Pablo Kuczynski 's running mate candidate for first vice president , narrowly defeating Keiko Fujimori 's Popular Force ticket. On 23 March 2018, Vizcarra was sworn into office as President of Peru following the resignation of President Kuczynski . Throughout his tenure, Vizcarra remained independent from political parties, promoted reforms against corruption in

1350-493: The 2021 Peruvian congressional election , joining the We Are Peru party, a party that voted for his removal just weeks before. The We Are Peru party's presidential candidate Daniel Salaverry welcomed Vizcarra to the party. If elected into congress, Vizcarra would obtain parliamentary immunity from the investigations that resulted with his removal from the presidency. When asked if attempting to avoid prosecution for corruption

1425-951: The National Unity Alliance , placing second with 29.9% of the vote. He ran unsuccessfully for the First Vice Presidency in the 2006 Peruvian general election as the running mate of former President Valentín Paniagua in the Frente de Centro 's ticket, but was elected for a seat in Congress . He died in Washington, D.C. , United States on June 19, 2009, at the age of 65 from pulmonary fibrosis . Mart%C3%ADn Vizcarra Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo OSP CYC GColIH ( Latin American Spanish: [maɾˈtin alˈβeɾto βisˈkara koɾˈnexo] ; born 22 March 1963)

1500-418: The presidential elections , but received in large part due to a smear campaign, manipulated by the government and only 3.0% of the vote finishing in third place, and continued as mayor. In the 2002 municipal elections, he ran for a third term, promising to modernize transport, importing Colombian public buses, known as Transmilenio, but he was defeated by National Solidarity leader Luis Castañeda Lossio of

1575-506: The removal of President Martín Vizcarra due to charges of corruption, Martín Vizcarra announced on 27 November 2020 that he would campaign for a seat in congress for the 2021 general election, joining the We Are Peru party which had just voted for his removal weeks before. The We Are Peru party's presidential candidate Daniel Salaverry welcomed Vizcarra to the party. If elected into congress, Vizcarra would obtain parliamentary immunity from

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1650-482: The "audios have been edited and maliciously manipulated; as you can see, they purposely seek to turn a job-related claim into a criminal or political act, wanting to take words out of context and intend to accuse me of non-existent situations. Nothing is further from reality". On 11 September 2020, the Peruvian Congress voted 65–36 with 24 abstentions to open impeachment proceedings against Vizcarra for "moral incapacity". At least 52 votes in favor were needed to approve

1725-514: The 2010 regional elections, Vizcarra was elected to be Governor of Moquegua and served on that position from 1 January 2011, to 31 December 2014. During his tenure, social indexes improved and he avoided corruption issues, an achievement The Washington Post described as "one of the rare examples" in Peru. He also conciliated another mining conflict between mining company Anglo American and residents concerned about potential drinking water contamination by

1800-497: The 87 votes (out of 130) that were needed by the opposition to impeach him. Had Vizcarra already been impeached by that time, Merino would have already acted as interim leader until the current presidential term ends in July 2021. In a separate impeachment trial, lawmakers from nine opposition parties accused Vizcarra of corruption and mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. He

1875-523: The ALDA leather products company. He married Ana Teresa Botteri Herrera, had four children and four grandchildren until his death. Andrade started his political career as a member of the Christian People's Party in 1983, resigning to found his own political party, Somos Lima in 1994, to run as an independent for the 1995 Municipal elections. A former mayor of Miraflores , he made many public works for this district and his brother Fernando Andrade also served as

1950-517: The Congress of Peru in an 86 to 0 vote decided to ban Vizcarra from public office for a ten-year period. He was found guilty of influence peddling , collusion and making false declarations. On 12 March 2021, the prosecutor Germán Juárez Atoche requested preventive detention for 18 months for Vizcarra. This was within the framework of the investigation for the alleged crimes of aggravated collusion, improper passive bribery and illicit association to commit

2025-535: The Fujimoristas in check". Transparency International also praised the move, stating that "This is a very important opportunity, one that is unlike previous opportunities because, in part, the president appears genuinely committed". Following the temporary detention of Keiko Fujimori, legislators belonging to American Popular Revolutionary Alliance and the Fujimorista-led Popular Force introduced

2100-640: The Government Palace. Investigators searched offices in the Government Palace on 1 June 2020 regarding the alleged irregularities. According to IDL-Reporteros , lobbyist Karelim López provided opposition lawmaker Edgar Alarcon audio recordings. On 10 September 2020, Alarcon, who faced possible parliamentary immunity revocation related to alleged acts of corruption, released audio recordings purporting that Vizcarra acted with "moral incapacity". The recordings allegedly contain audio of Vizcarra instructing his staff to say that he met with Cisneros only on

2175-788: The IEP Juan XXIII and the GUE Simón Bolívar, in Moquegua. For university education, Vizcarra graduated from the National University of Engineering in Lima in 1984 while also earning a degree in Management Administration from ESAN Graduate School of Business . His political ambitions began in his home region of Moquegua, where he ran as an independent affiliated with the APRA party for

2250-651: The Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) to monitor and combat climate change by analyzing greenhouse gas emissions while also creating a framework of inter-ministerial cooperation regarding the climate. The signing made Peru the first country in South America to have a climate law, with Vizcarra stating that climate change could no longer be ignored and that the Government of Peru had an obligation to work together to provide

2325-622: The Parliamentary Alliance, together with the two congressmen from Peru Posible and the two from the National Restoration. In the 2011 election, both We Are Peru and AP joined the Possible Peru Alliance and endorsed the presidential candidacy of former President Alejandro Toledo , who finished fourth, while the alliance won 14.8% of the vote in the congressional election and We Are Peru won two seats. In 2013, We Are Peru

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2400-578: The Republic has used parliamentary immunity". Salaverry ultimately placed 11th in the race with 1.7% of the vote. While Vizcarra was elected to Congress, he was ultimately banned from holding any public offices for 10 years following to the Vacunagate scandal . The party aligns itself with the Christian democracy . The party defends solidarity, the importance of the family and the social market economy. According to

2475-451: The adoption of their content by politicians who supported the impeachment, as well as the change of attitude of lawyers towards the previously criticized prosecutors, offered an answer to those who questioned these events. According to the editorial, this showed that there is no such thing as a perfect coup d'état. Thousands of citizens then gathered in protests against Vizcarra's impeachment. Manuel Merino , who succeeded him as president

2550-601: The approaches of the Theory of dependency and promotes integration as a means to collectively overcome underdevelopment. [REDACTED] AP -PDSP- TPP PP - AP -PDSP APP - RN -PDSP as part of Centre Front . Only 1 from We are Peru. as part of Possible Peru Alliance . Only 2 from We are Peru. as part of Alliance for the Progress of Peru . None from We Are Peru. Alberto Andrade Alberto Manuel Andrade Carmona (December 24, 1943 – June 19, 2009)

2625-478: The armed forces. In response to Vizcarra's actions, the media in Peru began a fearmongering campaign, arguing that left-wing political candidates would be elected in the parliamentary elections and attempt to draft a new constitution. In January 2020, the Constitutional Court of Peru defended Vizcarra's actions, with four judges approving and three judges disapproving of the action. On 26 January 2020,

2700-458: The country, in the midst of an investigation against him for alleged corruption in a road construction program during his administration. During Vizcarra's inauguration ceremony, some Peruvians took to the streets to protest against the government, calling for the removal of all politicians. Weeks later, an Ipsos survey in April 2018 found that out of those asked Vizcarra had an approval rate of 57%,

2775-590: The dissolution of congress, Vizcarra's approval rating jumped from about 40% to 75% according to the Institute of Peruvian Studies (IEP), while 76% of respondents recognized him as the constitutional president of Peru. Another poll by Peruvian pollster CPI found 85.1% of respondents approved of Vizcarra and 89.1% recognized him as president. During the early months of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , approval ratings for Vizcarra spiked to 87% in March 2020 and gradually decreased in

2850-608: The district's mayor from 1996 to 1998 and from 2003 to 2006. In the 1995 election, Andrade won the elections as mayor of Lima defeating Alberto Fujimori 's ally, Jaime Yoshiyama and was sworn in on January 1, 1996. During his term as mayor, he was responsible for public works such as: In the 1998 municipal election, he was re-elected as mayor against Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller of the Vamos Vecino party, due to his high popularity, thanks to his first term high approval ratings. In 2000, he stood against President Alberto Fujimori in

2925-455: The first running mate of AP leader Valentín Paniagua . Paniagua came in distant fifth with only 5.8% of the vote. In the congressional vote, the alliance won 7.1% of the vote and 5 seats in which, Andrade won a seat in Congress as the only congressman from We Are Peru. Once installed in the Congress of the Republic, the congressmen elected by the Frente de Centro formed a parliamentary group called

3000-460: The following day, resigned on 15 November. Francisco Sagasti was made President of Congress on the 16th and thus succeeded Merino as President of Peru on 17 November per Peru's presidential line of succession, since both vice presidential positions were vacated by Vizcarra in 2018 and Mercedes Aráoz in May 2020. Vizcarra announced on 27 November 2020 that he would campaign for a seat in congress for

3075-528: The following months. In November 2020, the month of Vizcarra's second impeachment and removal from office, a poll by Ipsos polling firm showed that 88% percent of Peruvians disapproved of Vizcarra's removal, while only 11% approved. The October 2020 Ipsos poll stated that 54% of Peruvians approved of Vizcarra while 41% disapproved. By contrast, the Congress of Peru had a 60% disapproval rating in October 2020, and when President of Congress Manuel Merino assumed

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3150-467: The governorship in 2006, narrowly missing election. In 2008, Vizcarra led protests, known as "Moqueguazo", surrounding unequal mining payments to the community. He travelled to Lima to mediate the crisis, explaining the payment issue to the Peruvian Council of Ministers who agreed to make necessary changes to laws surrounding the issue. This event inspired Vizcarra's further political ambitions. In

3225-401: The highest tiers of the judiciary ... has some Peruvians talking of a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to restore integrity to public life and revive citizens’ waning faith in democracy". Leftist lawmaker Marisa Glave , who was once a critic of Vizcarra, praised the move saying he had "connected with the people in a society that is both fed up with corruption but also deeply apolitical. It has put

3300-525: The ideology of the party, the State should play a promoter role and ensure "that the economy is at the service of man and not man at the service of the economy." In domestic politics, it supports decentralization and respect for the State of law. In foreign policy, it opposes the use of force as a means of dispute resolution and is in favor of Latin American regional integration. Regarding this position, Somos Peru adopts

3375-423: The impeachment a " coup ". President Merino resigned after six days in office following the killings of two protesters by police. On 16 April 2021, former President Vizcarra was banned from holding public office for 10 years after allegedly jumping the line to get a COVID-19 vaccine in the Vacunagate controversy, by an 86–0 vote in Congress. Vizcarra was born in Lima , the son of César Vizcarra Vargas, who

3450-417: The imprisoned Antauro Humala and his Union for Peru (UPP) party, according to reports in Peru. Humala was sentenced to 19 years in prison following his Andahuaylazo uprising against President Alejandro Toledo that resulted in the deaths of police. From his cell, Humala reportedly orchestrated the impeachment process with members of congress and his UPP supporters. Edgar Alarcón , a UPP congressman and

3525-404: The investigations that resulted with his removal from the presidency. When asked if attempting to avoid prosecution for corruption was his motivation to run for congress, Vizcarra stated "One of the flags that I am going to carry in this electoral process, to be fulfilled in Congress if elected, is precisely to completely reform the concept of parliamentary immunity, it cannot be that the Congress of

3600-469: The law". Vargas Llosa also noted that if Vizcarra's popularity were to increase enough, "then immediately in Congress, the Fujimoristas will forget their internal struggles and will probably make life difficult for him". We must be responsible to leave a legacy to our children and the future generations of Peru. On 17 April 2018, President Vizcarra signed the Law for Climate Change, allowing for more funding toward

3675-563: The legislative and judicial branches, and vowed to not run for president when his term would end in 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru , Vizcarra instituted stay-at-home orders and issued relief funds, but existing inequality, overcrowding and a largely informal economy saw Peru being heavily affected by the pandemic. As a result, Peru's gross domestic product declined thirty percent, increasing political pressure on Vizcarra's government. On 30 September 2019, following what he described as

3750-470: The legislature elected becoming opposition-led once again. In September 2020, Congress opened impeachment proceedings against Vizcarra on grounds of "moral incapacity", accusing him of influence peddling after audio recordings were released by an opposition legislator, but the process did not receive enough votes to remove him from office. On 9 November 2020, the Peruvian Congress impeached Vizcarra

3825-407: The months of slow progress towards anti-corruption reforms, pushed Vizcarra to dissolve congress later that day, with Vizcarra stating "Peruvian people, we have done all we could". Shortly after Vizcarra announced the dissolution of congress, the legislative body refused to recognize the president's actions, declared Vizcarra as suspended from the presidency and named vice president Mercedes Aráoz as

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3900-522: The national level. So much so that it presents candidates for municipalities and regional governments in many parts of the country. Andrade, for his part, stood for the second re-election as mayor of Lima. Soon Luis Castañeda Lossio of the National Solidarity Party , a member of the National Unity electoral alliance, would become his main rival during the campaign. Castañeda began to gain

3975-595: The new president of Peru. Despite this, Peruvian government officials stated that the actions by congress were void as the body was officially closed at the time of their declarations. By nightfall, Peruvians gathered outside of the Legislative Palace of Peru to protest against congress and demand the removal of legislators while the heads of the Peruvian Armed Forces met with Vizcarra, announcing that they still recognized him as president of Peru and head of

4050-415: The newly inaugurated congress presided by Manuel Merino , with the majority of the legislative body being controlled by those opposing Vizcarra. Since early 2020, investigations began surrounding a contract for a little-known singer Richard Cisneros to perform speeches for the Ministry of Culture. It was alleged that an inexperienced Cisneros was able to receive payments totaling US$ 50,000 due to contacts in

4125-454: The office of President of Peru after Vizcarra's ousting by Congress, 94% of Peruvians disapproved of Merino's presidency. Following Peru's 2020 legislative elections that replaced an unpopular congress, The Economist wrote "By championing the fight against corruption, Mr Vizcarra has achieved the rare feat for a Peruvian president of remaining popular". Americas Quarterly penned that Vizcarra had "overwhelming public support", but without

4200-498: The opening of the impeachment proceedings. After reports emerged that Merino reportedly reached out to the Peruvian armed forces to support the process and was forming his own cabinet, support among lawmakers for impeaching Vizcarra decreased. As scheduled, Vizcarra appeared in Congress on 18 September to defend himself and delivered a 20-minute speech after its session began. After a 10-hour debate, Congress voted 32–78 with 15 abstentions against removing Vizcarra from office, far from

4275-686: The participation of convicted persons in government. During Vizcarra's tenure, Peru experienced the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases in Latin America, with 292,004 cases and 10,045 deaths as of 2 July 2020. Medical experts commented that the severity of the outbreak in Peru can be explained at least in part due to existing socioeconomic circumstances. Nearly one-third of Peruvians live in overcrowded homes and 72% have informal jobs, requiring them to work daily. Many Peruvians needed to travel daily to markets to purchase food since only 49% of households own refrigerators or freezers; even in urban areas it

4350-474: The party itself won 6.1% of the popular vote and 11 out of 130 seats in the Congress of the Republic . On 5 September 2020, Daniel Salaverry announced his official candidacy for the presidency of the Republic for the 2021 general election , under the We Are Peru party in which he had been affiliated since June of the same year. This is the first time that We Are Peru is not participating in coalitions in general elections since its foundation in 2000. Following

4425-509: The popular vote and 9 seats, but We Are Peru did not win a single seat, and was shut from Congress for the first time in 16 years. In 2018, the former mayor of the District of La Molina, Juan Carlos Zurek Pardo-Figueroa, ran for Mayor of Lima with Somos Perú, finishing in sixth place with 3.59% of the votes of Lima residents. At the legislative elections held on 26 January 2020, after 14 years of participating in electoral coalitions and alliances,

4500-565: The presidency on 23 March 2018, a day after his 55th birthday. Upon being sworn in, Vizcarra stated in regards to corruption, "we've had enough", promising to lead against such practices in the Andean nation. Peruvian author and Nobel laureate in Literature Mario Vargas Llosa stated that Vizcarra's "credentials are pretty good" and that although other Peruvian politicians have faced political controversy, Vizcarra "has acted within

4575-475: The project, all while being tasked with providing reconstruction following the flooding that affected Peru, Vizcarra resigned his position as minister. Shortly after his resignation, the Comptroller General Edgar Alarcón recommended legal action against ten officials involved with the airport's construction. Analysts stated that overall, Vizcarra's performance as minister was positive, but it

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4650-562: The proposals contents which would have removed power from the presidency. In the Constitution of Peru , the executive branch can dissolve congress after a second vote of no-confidence. Under former president of Peru Pedro Pablo Kuczynski , the Congress of Peru made a no-confidence vote on 15 September 2017, resulting in the collapse of the Cabinet of Peru , the first vote of no-confidence during that current congressional body. Vizcarra enacted

4725-462: The scandal known as Vacunagate broke out, in which it was revealed that in October 2020 Vizcarra, alongside his family and friends, was vaccinated with the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine before it was able to reach the Peruvian public. The revelation sparked controversy, as at the time the Vizcarra government said there was still no negotiations regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. On 16 April 2021,

4800-515: The second quarter of 2020 as a result of economic lockdown measures, the largest decline of all major economies, with many small service businesses that represent the majority of businesses of Peru's economy going bankrupt during the crisis. Employment also dropped 40 percent compared to the previous rate while the Peruvian government approved 128 billion PEN ($ 35.8 billion USD ) of tax relief and low-rate business loans to deter further economic decline. The impeachment processes were led by

4875-463: The vote by Congress and promised not to take any other legal action. Vizcarra's impeachment was considered by many as a coup d'état . It is suggested that the audios about alleged bribes were influenced and promoted by prosecutor Germán Juárez Atoche, with the collaboration of employees of Obrainsa, a company in Moquegua. An editorial in La República in 2020 indicated that the regular leaks and

4950-480: The year, that his approval rating in April 2019 was at 44% compared to 45% disapproval and that approval ratings were higher among upper-income respondents compared to lower-income respondents. By the time Vizcarra dissolved congress, The Washington Post described him as "an unexpectedly popular president" as he dealt with "the monumental task of rooting out the South American nation’s widespread corruption". After

5025-560: Was "clear the democracy of our nation is at risk". Vizcarra and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights criticized congress for blocking a proposal for general elections while it quickly approved nominations to the Constitutional Court of Peru without investigating the backgrounds on nominees. Vizcarra sought to reform the Constitutional Court nomination process and congress' approval or disapproval of his proposal

5100-685: Was a Peruvian lawyer and politician , born in Lima who served as the Mayor of Lima from 1996 to 2002 and as a Congressman from 2006 until his death. He studied at the First National School of Peru of Our Lady of Guadalupe and at the Antonio Raimondi Italian School. He later studied law at the National University of San Marcos . He studied his postgraduate degree obtaining a master's degree in Administration from ESAN. He created

5175-443: Was also accused of accepting bribes from companies that won at least two public works contracts—one for a hospital and another for an irrigation project—during his term as governor of Moquegua Department . On 9 November 2020, a total of 105 members of Congress voted to remove Vizcarra from office, exceeding the 87 votes (out of 130) that were needed to impeach him. Vizcarra called the accusations baseless and false, but still accepted

5250-489: Was an American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) member, and Doris Cornejo, an elementary school teacher. His father was mayor of Moquegua and a member of the Constituent Assembly of 1978 . His family was based in Moquegua, but moved to Lima due to a pulmonary complication that put him on the verge of death at his birth. Vizcarra has stated that his father had a lasting impact on his life. Vizcarra studied at

5325-413: Was fiercely attacked by pro-government media, who successfully sought to diminish his popularity. Eventually, he gained only 3.0% of the votes. At the legislative elections , held on 8 April 2001, the party won 5.8% of the popular vote and 4 out of 120 seats in the unicameral Congress of the Republic . For the municipal and regional elections of 2002, We Are Peru already had a certain party structure at

5400-452: Was his motivation to run for congress, Vizcarra stated "One of the flags that I am going to carry in this electoral process, to be fulfilled in Congress if elected, is precisely to completely reform the concept of parliamentary immunity, ... It cannot be that the Congress of the Republic has used parliamentary immunity". Vizcarra won the congressional race, though he would later be banned from holding public office in Peru. In February 2021,

5475-481: Was involved in the revocation process of the mayor of Lima Susana Villarán and her councilors supporting the “no” option. The party leadership made this decision appealing to considerations of democratic continuity and the need not to interfere in the public works that were being developed in the capital. In the 2016 election, We Are Peru joined the Alliance for the Progress of Peru of César Acuña . The alliance won 9.2% of

5550-568: Was plagued by complications from the Fujimori family's political forces, known as Fujimoristas. After resigning from the previous ministry, he was appointed to be the Peruvian Ambassador to Canada , avoiding public attention. He only returned to Peru during the first impeachment proceedings against President Kuczynski, returning to Canada shortly thereafter. Following the resignation of President Kuczynski, Vizcarra returned to Peru to assume

5625-432: Was seen "as a sign of confidence in his administration". On 30 September 2019, congress named a new member to the Constitutional Court of Peru, who would most likely decide disputes between congress and the presidency, ignoring his proposal for reform. Vizcarra argued that the appointment by congress was the second act of no-confidence in his government, granting him the authority to dissolve congress. This act, as well as

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