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23-545: Set in 1527 during King Jungjong 's reign where plague is spreading in Joseon and rumors are rife that a mysterious vicious creature called "Monstrum" is roaming around the country. Principal photography began on April 10, 2017. Production ended in Yangpyeong County of Gyeonggi Province on July 21, 2017. Filming took place in various locations such as Paju , Yangju , Gwangju City and South Gyeongsang Province . The film

46-412: A bribe or exploit the local populace. While Jungjong and Jo Gwang-jo shared a common passion for the reformist agenda, the former was chiefly interested in solidifying royal authority whereas the latter was more concerned with neo-Confucian ideology, according to which those who rule must be a virtuous example to the rest. Jo's uncompromising character and frequent remonstrations also began to irritate

69-688: A crime or failing to pay a debt. However, some people voluntarily became nobi in order to escape crushing poverty during poor harvests and famines. Household nobi served as personal retainers and domestic servants, and most received a monthly salary that could be supplemented by earnings gained outside regular working hours. Non-resident nobi resided at a distance and were little different than tenant farmers or commoners. They were registered officially as independent family units and possessed their own houses, families, land, and fortunes. Non-resident nobi were far more numerous than household nobi. The hierarchical relationship between yangban master and nobi

92-447: A land reform that would distribute land more equally between the rich and poor, and introduced a supplementary system to recruit talents for the government. He believed that any talented people, including slaves , should be appointed as officials regardless of social status. The Annals of the Joseon dynasty state that during his time as Inspector General ( Daesaheon ; 대사헌), he enforced the laws strictly so that no official dared to receive

115-464: A part of our body." In the chakkae system, nobi were assigned two pieces of agricultural land, with the resulting produce from the first land paid to the master, and the produce from the second land kept by the nobi to consume or sell. In order to gain freedom, nobi could purchase it, earn it through military service, or receive it as a favor from the government. In 1426, Sejong the Great enacted

138-420: A suspenseful and entertaining premise, but it is ruined by a predictable plot. One highlight of this film is the design of the monster and splashy special effects. On another positive note, the movie constantly arouses the curiosity of viewers regarding the identity of the strange monster recorded in history, the secret behind the creature and, most importantly, whether the creature's existence is true or not." At

161-532: A year later and was succeeded by his younger half-brother, Grand Prince Gyeongwon (today known as King Myeongjong ). Consort(s) and their respective issue Nobi Nobi were members of the slave class during the Korean dynasties of Goryeo and Joseon . Legally, they held the lowest rank in medieval Korean society. Nobi were considered property or chattel , and could be bought, sold, or gifted. The nobi were socially indistinct from freemen other than

184-508: The 2018 Sitges International Fantastic Film Festival, the film won the Panorama Fantàstic Audience Award. The film finished first place on its opening day, attracting 105,255 moviegoers with US$ 750,819 gross, placing Searching and new release The Predator on the second and third place respectively. The film continued to top the box office on its second day of release. However, the film dropped to second place during

207-595: The Yun brothers' party as "Lesser Yun". Their conflict caused the Fourth Literati Purge ( Ulsa Sahwa ; 을사사화, 乙巳士禍) after Jungjong's death. As the royal court was weakened by the continual internal conflict, foreign powers driven away by earlier monarchs returned with much greater effect. Japanese pirates often plundered the southern coastal regions, while the Jurchens attacked the northern frontier numerous times, bleeding

230-591: The army dry. The king died on 9 December 1544 and was originally buried in Goyang , Gyeonggi Province . He was later moved to the Seonjeongneung Cluster , in Seoul , the burial ground of his parents, King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon . The tomb is called Jeongneung ( 정릉 ). The throne passed to his eldest legitimate son, Crown Prince Yi Ho (posthumously honored as King Injong ), who died without issue less than

253-418: The chance to rule on his own again. His reign was marked by tumultuous struggle among various conservative factions, each of them backed by one of the king's wives or concubines. In 1524, Nam Gon and Shim Jung ousted the corrupt official Gim Ahn-ro ( 김안로 ; 金安老 ), but he managed to return to power and took revenge by accusing Royal Noble Consort Gyeong (one of the king's concubines) of plotting against

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276-407: The crown prince, which led to her execution along with her only son, Prince Bokseong. Following this case, Gim Ahn-ro started using the protection of the crown prince as an excuse to begin a reign of terror against his enemies, and even attempted to depose Jungjong's third wife, Queen Munjeong , after she gave birth to a son (the future King Myeongjong ). He eventually met his downfall at the hands of

299-466: The eleventh king of Joseon . Jungjong worked hard to wipe out the remnants of Yeonsangun 's era by reopening Sungkyunkwan (the royal university) and the Office of Censors (which criticizes inappropriate actions of the king). However, during the early days of his reign, the new king could not exert the royal power freely as those who put him on the throne held immense control over the country. When three of

322-490: The expression's meaning changes to "Jo [Gwang-jo] will be King". The incident was reminiscent of another occurrence that took place before the fall of the Goryeo dynasty , when the phrase Mok Ja Deuk Guk ("Son of wood will gain the country"; 목자득국, 木子得國) became popular. In this case, the combined characters 木 ("wood") and 子 ("son") form the character 李 ("yi"), which was the surname of General Yi Seong-gye (later known as King Taejo ,

345-592: The founder of Joseon). The only living leader of the 1506 coup, Hong Gyeong-ju ( 홍경주 ; 洪景舟 ), used this event to heighten Jungjong's suspicions and fears. Finally, in January 1520, Jo Gwang-jo was executed on charges of factionalism and many of his followers were exiled, while his radical reform programs were abruptly abandoned. The incident became known as the Third Literati Purge ( Gimyo Sahwa ; 기묘사화, 己卯士禍). After Jo Gwang-jo's elimination, Jungjong never had

368-411: The king. In late 1519, the conservative officials came up with a plan to further weaken Jo Gwang-jo's influence; they used honey to write Ju Cho Wi Wang ("Ju Cho will be King"; 주초위왕, 走肖爲王) on mulberry leaves so that caterpillars would leave behind the same words as if in supernatural manifestation. When the hanja characters 走 ( ju ) and 肖 ( cho ) are put together, they form the character 趙 ( jo ), and

391-538: The main leaders of coup died of old age or natural causes in the next eight years, Jungjong began to assert his authority and carried out large-scale reforms with the help of Jo Gwang-jo and other Sarim scholars, despite much opposition from conservative nobles who had participated in the 1506 rebellion. Jo Gwang-jo strengthened local autonomy by establishing a self-governing system called Hyangyak , promoted Confucian writings by translating them into hangul (Korean native script) and distributing them widely, pursued

414-434: The queen's brothers, Yun Won-ro and Yun Won-hyeong . Despite these events, Yun Im , older brother of the late Queen Janggyeong and an ally of Gim Ahn-ro, was able to maintain his standing and preserve his nephew 's position as heir to the throne. The scholars and officials now gathered around two new centers of power and each group developed into separate political factions. Yun Im's party became known as "Greater Yun" and

437-485: The ruling yangban class, and some possessed property rights, legal entities and civil rights. Hence, some scholars argue that it is inappropriate to call them "slaves", while some scholars describe them as serfs . Furthermore, the Korean word for an actual slave, in the European and American meaning, is noye , not nobi . Some nobi owned their own nobi . Some people became nobi as legal punishment for committing

460-433: The weekend, tailing Searching on the lead by attracted 421,479 moviegoers with US$ 3.3 million gross . As of October 4, 2018, the film earned US$ 5.5 million from 720,721 total attendance. King Jungjong Jungjong ( Korean :  중종 ; Hanja :  中宗 ; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok ( 이역 ; 李懌 ), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong ( 진성대군 ; 晉城大君 ),

483-478: Was believed to be equivalent to the Confucian hierarchical relationship between ruler and subject, or father and son. Nobi were considered an extension of the master's own body, and an ideology based on patronage and mutual obligation developed. The Annals of King Taejong stated: "The nobi is also a human being like us; therefore, it is reasonable to treat him generously" and "In our country, we love our nobis like

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506-448: Was released domestically on September 12, 2018, on 1,183 screens. The film received age 15-rating for violence, bloody images, and some frightening sequences. The film was set to be released in VOD service and digital download on October 8, 2018. Shim Sun-ah from Yonhap News Agency gave a mixed review and wrote, " Monstrum is the first creature action movie set in the Joseon era and has

529-585: Was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea . He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical Yeonsangun . In September 1506, on the day Yeonsangun was deposed, soldiers belonging to the coup's leaders surrounded the house of Grand Prince Jinseong. He was about to commit suicide, thinking that his older half-brother was finally going to kill him, but after being dissuaded by his wife, Lady Shin (later known as Queen Dangyeong ), Grand Prince Jinseong found himself becoming

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