The Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System ( CAPPS ) is a counter-terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry that matches passenger information with other data sources. The United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) maintains a watchlist , pursuant to 49 USC § 114 (h)(2), of "individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat to airline or passenger safety." The list is used to pre-emptively identify terrorists attempting to buy airline tickets or board aircraft traveling in the United States, and to mitigate perceived threats.
22-581: For the Misplaced Pages project pages, see Help:Watchlist and Special:Watchlist . [REDACTED] Look up watch list , watch lists , watchlist , or watchlists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Watchlist or watch list may refer to: Watchlist (NGO) , the Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, a non-governmental organization Watchlist (wiki) ,
44-537: A passenger name record (PNR). When a person books a plane ticket, certain identifying information is collected by the airline: full name, date of birth, address, etc. This information is used to check against another data source (including the TSA No-Fly List , the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive List , and other databases) and assign a terrorism "risk score" to that person. High risk scores require
66-469: A "Watch List" of the Special 301 Report Terrorist Screening Database (aka. Central Terrorist Watchlist), FBI's list of millions of people suspected of some involvement with terrorism Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Watchlist . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
88-420: A "Watch List" of the Special 301 Report Terrorist Screening Database (aka. Central Terrorist Watchlist), FBI's list of millions of people suspected of some involvement with terrorism Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Watchlist . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
110-460: A few extra fields, like a full street address, date of birth, and a home telephone number. It would then cross-reference these fields with government records and private sector databases to ascertain the identity of the person, and then determine a number of details about that person. Law enforcement would be contacted in the event that the person was either present on a terrorist or most-wanted list or had outstanding federal or state arrest warrants for
132-669: A list of fugitives and suspected terrorists See also [ edit ] Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System , a watchlist maintained by the Transportation Security Administration in United States Secure Flight , the successor to the Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System No Fly List , list of people suspected of some involvement with terrorism "Priority Watch List" and
154-491: A tool for monitoring changes on wikis Interpol Terrorism Watch List , a list of fugitives and suspected terrorists See also [ edit ] Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System , a watchlist maintained by the Transportation Security Administration in United States Secure Flight , the successor to the Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System No Fly List , list of people suspected of some involvement with terrorism "Priority Watch List" and
176-435: A violent crime. Otherwise, the software would calculate a "risk score" and then print a code on the boarding pass indicating the appropriate "screening level" for that person: green (no threat) indicates no additional screening, yellow (unknown or possible threat) indicates additional screening, and red (high-risk) indicates prevention from boarding and deferral to law enforcement. Exactly how this risk score would be calculated
198-594: The 1996 Olympics bombing , and the 1998 bombings of two U.S. embassies in East Africa . CAPPS I was administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) . CAPPS screening selected passengers for additional screening of their checked baggage for explosives. CAPPS selectees did not undergo any additional screening at passenger security checkpoints. On
220-621: The Office of Homeland Security continue to request the addition of individuals ..." In 2003, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) presented a proposal for an expanded system (CAPPS II), which was reviewed by Congress and later canceled by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II was a proposal for a new CAPPS system, designed by
242-560: The Office of National Risk Assessment (ONRA), a subsidiary office of the TSA, with the contracted assistance of Lockheed Martin . Congress presented the TSA with a list of requirements for a successor to CAPPS I. Some of those requirements were: Like its predecessor, the CAPPS II proposal would rely on the PNR to uniquely identify people attempting to board aircraft. It would expand the PNR field to include
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#1733085678519264-456: The Misplaced Pages project pages, see Help:Watchlist and Special:Watchlist . [REDACTED] Look up watch list , watch lists , watchlist , or watchlists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Watchlist or watch list may refer to: Watchlist (NGO) , the Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, a non-governmental organization Watchlist (wiki) , a tool for monitoring changes on wikis Interpol Terrorism Watch List ,
286-408: The aircraft. Ahmed al-Haznawi was the only hijacker selected of those on United Airlines Flight 93 , and none of the hijackers of United Airlines Flight 175 were selected by CAPPS. In response to the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. government authorized the creation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to oversee airport security, which was previously handled by private contractors. It
308-416: The airline to subject the person to extended baggage and/or personal screening, and to contact law enforcement, if necessary. CAPPS I was first implemented in the late 1990s, in response to the perceived threat of U.S. domestic and international terrorism . The U.S. government started to implement counter-terrorism measures after several bomb attacks occurred, including the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing ,
330-407: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watchlist&oldid=1158768669 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages watch list (Redirected from Watch list ) For
352-405: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watchlist&oldid=1158768669 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System CAPPS systems rely on what is known as
374-582: The morning of the September 11 attacks (9/11), several of the hijackers were selected by CAPPS. Wail al-Shehri and Satam al-Suqami were selected for extra screening of their checked bags before they boarded American Airlines Flight 11 at Logan International Airport in Boston , Massachusetts. Waleed al-Shehri was also selected, but since he had checked no bags, the CAPPS selection had no effect on him. Mohamed Atta
396-503: The system violated people's privacy rights and that it was possibly unconstitutional . They also believed it could actually undermine safety, as terrorists could use it to their advantage. CAPPS II was cancelled by the TSA in the summer of 2004. Shortly thereafter, the TSA announced a successor program, called Secure Flight , that would work in a way similar to CAPPS II. TSA hoped to test Secure Flight in August 2005 using two airlines, but it
418-520: Was blocked by Congress until the government could prove that the system can pass 10 tests for accuracy and privacy protection as follows: The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) of 2004 requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to assume from aircraft operators the function of conducting pre-flight comparisons of airline passenger information to federal government watch lists for international and domestic flights. TSA published
440-656: Was never disclosed nor subject to public oversight of any kind outside of the TSA. The CAPPS II system was criticized in a report by the United States General Accounting Office in early 2004, and faced increased opposition from watchdog groups like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) , ReclaimDemocracy.org , and the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) . These advocacy groups expressed concern that
462-408: Was selected by CAPPS when he checked in at Portland International Jetport . All five of the hijackers on American Airlines Flight 77 were CAPPS selectees, with Hani Hanjour , Khalid al-Mihdhar , and Majed Moqed chosen by the CAPPS criteria. Nawaf al-Hazmi and Salem al-Hazmi were selected because they did not provide adequate identification, and had their checked bags held until they boarded
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#1733085678519484-462: Was signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 19, 2001. The agency was initially placed under the United States Department of Transportation but was moved to the Department of Homeland Security when that department was formed on March 9, 2003. In November 2001, control of CAPPS was transferred to the TSA, where it has "... expanded almost daily as Intelligence Community (IC) agencies and
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