Misplaced Pages

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56-405: In 1350 U-thong, also known as King Ramathibodi I , ordered the construction of a royal palace in the same area that Wat Pra Si Sanphet stands today. The palace was completed in 1351 and King Ramathibodi established Ayutthaya as the capital of his Kingdom. The palace contained three wooden buildings named "Phaithun Maha Prasat", "Phaichayon Maha Prasat", and "Aisawan Maha Prasat". Upon finalization of

112-553: A Renowned Legend stated that Ramatibodi was an ethnic Chinese, having sailed down from China. After succeeding in trade, he became influential enough to rule the city of Phetchaburi , (or Vajrapur in sanskrit ) a coastal town of the Gulf of Thailand, before travelling up to Ayutthaya . Ramathibodi I established four Great Officers of State. These were the Ministry of the Interior ( Wieng ),

168-604: A viharn , or hall of worship, called “Vihara Luang” (Royal Chapel) was built on the palace grounds. King Ramathibodi II gave orders for a gigantic image of Buddha to be cast, and installed in Wat Si Sanphet. This image of Buddha was 16 meters high, covered in gold, and the pedestal was 8 meters in length. The core of the statue was made of bronze and weighed approximately 64 tons. The surface was covered with approximately 343 kilograms of gold. The statue took more than three years to complete. This statue, called “Phra Si Sanphetdayan”,

224-602: A Mapillary traffic sign data layer, a product of user-submitted images is also available. Some government agencies have released official data on appropriate licences. This includes the United States, where works of the federal government are placed under public domain . In the United States, most roads originate from TIGER from the Census Bureau. Geographic names were initially sourced from Geographic Names Information System , and some areas contain water features from

280-484: A backdrop for map production. For a period from 2009 to 2011, NearMap Pty Ltd made their high-resolution PhotoMaps (of major Australian cities, plus some rural Australian areas) available under a CC BY-SA licence. Data from several street-level image platforms are available as map data photo overlays. Bing Streetside 360° image tracks, and the open and crowdsourced Mapillary and KartaView platforms provide generally smartphone and dashcam images. Additionally,

336-605: A complete road data set for the Netherlands and trunk road data for India and China to the project. By July 2007, when the first "The State of the Map" (SotM) conference was held, there were 9,000 registered users. In October 2007, OpenStreetMap completed the import of a US Census TIGER road dataset. In December 2007, Oxford University became the first major organisation to use OpenStreetMap data on their main website. Ways to import and export data have continued to grow – by 2008,

392-521: A comprehensive security assessment of the OSM data model has yet to take place. There have been several high-profile incidents of vandalism and other errors in OSM: Players of Pokémon Go have been known to vandalize OSM, one of the game's map data sources, to manipulate gameplay. However, this vandalism is casual, rarely sustained, and it is predictable based on the mechanics of the game. The project has

448-468: A conventional GIS or CAD system. It is a topological data structure without the formal concept of a layer, allowing thematically diverse data to commingle and interconnect. A map feature or element is modelled as one of three geometric primitives : OSM manages metadata as a folksonomy . Each element contains key-value pairs , called tags , that identify and describe the feature. A recommended ontology of map features (the meaning of tags )

504-413: A geographically diverse user-base, due to emphasis of local knowledge and "on-the-ground" situation in the process of data collection. Many early contributors were cyclists who survey with and for bicyclists, charting cycleroutes and navigable trails . Others are GIS professionals. Contributors are predominately men, with only 3–5% being women. By August 2008, shortly after the second The State of

560-408: A map area. A large number of less-active users contributes corrections and small additions to the map. Maxar , Bing , ESRI , and Mapbox are some of the providers of aerial/ satellite imagery which are used as a backdrop for map production. Yahoo! (2006–2011), Bing (2010 – till date), and DigitalGlobe (2017 –2023 ) allowed their aerial photography , satellite imagery to be used as

616-428: A mapper, on foot , bicycle , or in a car , motorcycle , or boat . Map data is typically recorded on a GPS unit or on a smart phone with mapping app; a common file format is GPX . Once the data has been collected, it is entered into the database by uploading it onto the project's website together with appropriate attribute data. As collecting and uploading data may be separated from editing objects, contribution to

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672-522: A number of software tools including JOSM and Merkaator. Mapathon competition events are also held by local OpenStreetMap teams and by non-profit organisations and local governments to map a particular area. The availability of aerial photography and other data from commercial and government sources has added important sources of data for manual editing and automated imports. Special processes are in place to handle automated imports and avoid legal and technical problems. Ground surveys are performed by

728-469: A study conducted in 2011, only 38% of members carried out at least one edit and only 5% of members created more than 1000 nodes. Most members are in Europe (72%). According to another study, when a competing maps platform is launched, OSM attracts fewer new contributors and pre-existing contributors increase their level of contribution possibly driven by their ideological attachment to the platform. Overall, there

784-747: A team which revises the map based on GPS traces and feedback from its drivers. In eight Southeast Asian countries, Grab has contributed more than 800,000 kilometres (500,000 mi) of roads based on drivers' GPS traces, including many narrow alleyways that are missing from other mapping platforms. eCourier also contributes its drivers' GPS traces to OSM. According to a study, about 17% of road kilometers were last touched by corporate teams in March 2020. The top 13 corporate contributors during 2014–2020 include Apple, Kaart, Amazon, Facebook, Mapbox, Digital Egypt, Grab, Microsoft, Telenav, Developmentseed, Uber, Lightcyphers and Lyft. According to OpenStreetMap Statistics,

840-495: Is freely licensed under the Open Database License and as a result commonly used to make electronic maps , inform turn-by-turn navigation , assist in humanitarian aid and data visualisation . OpenStreetMap uses its own topology to store geographical features which can then be exported into other GIS file formats . The OpenStreetMap website itself is an online map , geodata search engine and editor. OpenStreetMap

896-563: Is maintained on a wiki . New tagging schemes can always be proposed by a popular vote of a written proposal in OpenStreetMap wiki, however, there is no requirement to follow this process. There are over 89 million different kinds of tags in use as of June 2017. The OpenStreetMap data primitives are stored and processed in different formats. OpenStreetMap server uses PostgreSQL database , with one table for each data primitive, with individual objects stored as rows . The data structure

952-444: Is a negative effect on the quantum of contributions. Some companies freely license satellite/aerial/street imagery sources from which OpenStreetMap contributors trace roads and features, while other companies make data available for importing map data. Automotive Navigation Data (AND) provided a complete road data set for Netherlands and trunk roads data for China and India. Amazon Logistics uses OpenStreetMap for navigation and has

1008-412: Is collected by ground survey, personal knowledge, digitizing from imagery, and government data. Ground survey data is collected by volunteers traditionally using tools such as a handheld GPS unit, a notebook , digital camera and voice recorder . Software applications on smartphones (mobile devices) have made it easy for anybody to survey. The data is then entered into the OpenStreetMap database using

1064-588: Is defined as part of the OSM API. The current version of the API, v0.6, was released in 2009. A 2023 study found that this version's changes to the relation data structure had the effect of reducing the total number of relations; however, it simultaneously lowered the barrier to creating new relations and spurred the application of relations to new use cases. OpenStreetMap data has been favourably compared with proprietary datasources, although as of 2009 data quality varied across

1120-451: Is known now as Prasat Phra Narai. The architecture is inspired by a mix of European style for the shape while the pointed arches windows are influenced by Indo-persan architecture. In 1742, under King Borommakot , the temple was again renovated. Unfortunately, the city of Ayutthaya, including the temple compounds, were completely destroyed in the Burmese invasion in 1767 , with the exception of

1176-547: Is relatively low compared to vandalism on Misplaced Pages . Members of the community detect and fix most unintentional errors and vandalism promptly, by monitoring the slippy map and revision history on the main website, as well as by searching for issues using tools like OSMCha, OSM Inspector, and Osmose. In addition to community vigilance, the OpenStreetMap Foundation 's Data Working Group and a group of administrators are responsible for responding to vandals. As of 2022 ,

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1232-465: Is used on the site. OSM publishes official database dumps of the entire "planet" for reuse on minutely and weekly intervals, formatted as XML or binary Protocol Buffers . Alternative third-party distributions provide access to OSM data in other formats or to more manageable subsets of the data. Geofabrik publishes extracts of the database in OSM and shapefile formats for individual countries and political subdivisions. Amazon Web Services publishes

1288-575: The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence (CC BY-SA) with the intention of promoting free use and redistribution of the data. In September 2012, the licence was changed to the ODbL in order to define its bearing on data rather than representation more specifically. As part of this relicensing process, some of the map data was removed from the public distribution. This included all data contributed by members that did not agree to

1344-596: The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity . All data added to the project needs to have a licence compatible with the Open Data Commons Open Database Licence (ODbL). This can include out-of-copyright information, public domain or other licences. Software used in the production and presentation of OpenStreetMap data may have separate licensing terms. OpenStreetMap data and derived tiles were originally published under

1400-653: The National Hydrography Dataset . In the UK, some Ordnance Survey OpenData is imported. In Canada Natural Resources Canada 's CanVec vector data and GeoBase provide landcover and streets. Globally, OpenStreetMap initially used the prototype global shoreline from NOAA . Due to it being oversimplified and crude, it has been mainly replaced by other government sources or manual tracing. Out-of-copyright maps can be good sources of information about features that do not change frequently. Copyright periods vary, but in

1456-675: The OpenStreetMap Carto style's symbology to that of the Soviet Union 's comprehensive military mapping programme , finding that OSM matched the Soviet maps in coverage of some features such as road infrastructure but gave less prominence to the natural environment. According to a 2024 study using PyPSA , OSM has the most detailed and up-to-date publicly available coverage of the European high-voltage electrical grid, comparable to official data from

1512-405: The Map conference was held, there were over 50,000 registered contributors; by March 2009, there were 100,000 and by the end of 2009 the figure was nearly 200,000. In April 2012, OpenStreetMap cleared 600,000 registered contributors. On 6 January 2013, OpenStreetMap reached one million registered users. Around 30% of users have contributed at least one point to the OpenStreetMap database. As per

1568-654: The Ministry of the Treasury ( Klang ), the Ministry for the King's Household ( Wang ), and the Ministry of Agriculture ( Na ). He also codified the T'ai laws. Finally, he formed an alliance with the Ming dynasty . He established his own capital in the new city of Ayutthaya . King Ramathabodi's reign included Korat , Chantaburi , Tavoy , Tanintharyi , Tenasserim , and large parts of Malaya . In 1352 he laid siege to Yasodharapura . He

1624-525: The UK Crown copyright expires after 50 years and hence old Ordnance Survey maps can legally be used. A complete set of UK 1 inch/mile maps from the late 1940s and early 1950s has been collected, scanned, and is available online as a resource for contributors. The map data can be edited from a number of editing applications that provide aids including satellite and aerial imagery, street-level imagery, GPS traces, and photo and voice annotations. By default,

1680-733: The UK and elsewhere, government-run and tax-funded projects like the Ordnance Survey created massive datasets but declined to freely and widely distribute them. The first contribution was a street that Coast entered in December 2004 after cycling around Regent's Park in London with a GPS tracking unit . In April 2006, the OpenStreetMap Foundation was established to encourage the growth, development and distribution of free geospatial data and provide geospatial data for anybody to use and share. In April 2007, Automotive Navigation Data (AND) donated

1736-656: The data was retained, with Australia and Poland being the countries most severely affected by the change. The license change and resulting deletions prompted a group of dissenting mappers to establish Free Open Street Map (FOSM), a fork of OSM that remained under the previous license. Map tiles provided by the OpenStreetMap project were licensed under CC-BY-SA-2.0 until 1 August 2020. The ODbL license requires attribution to be attached to maps produced from OpenStreetMap data, but does not require that any particular license be applied to those maps. "©OpenStreetMap Contributors" with link to ODbL copyright page as attribution requirement

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1792-683: The entire complex there drew a high perimeter wall, four gates passages in the four directions offered access to the temple. Inside along the wall were alternately small Chedis and low pavilions (Sala). Of these small Chedis, some have remained to this day. [REDACTED] Geographic data related to Wat Phra Si Sanphet at OpenStreetMap 14°21′21″N 100°33′30″E  /  14.3558°N 100.5583°E  / 14.3558; 100.5583 Ramathibodi I King U-thong ( Thai : พระเจ้าอู่ทอง ; pronounced [ʔùː.tʰɔ̄ːŋ] ) or King Ramathibodi I ( Thai : สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๑ ; Rāmādhipatī ; pronunciation , 1314–1369)

1848-464: The foundations are still preserved. The Chedi is built in the classic, Ceylonese design that is reminiscent of a bell. In every direction small chapels are recognized, which lead to steep stairs. The roofs of the chapels are in turn topped with a miniature Chedi. Each of the three Chedis is on the eastern side assigned a Mondop where Buddha's footsteps are believed to be. The terrace of the Chedi with Mondop

1904-546: The general public. Changesets submitted through editors and the OSM API immediately enter the database and are quickly published for reuse, without going through peer review beforehand. The API only validates changes for basic well-formedness, but not for topological or logical consistency or for adherence to community norms. As a crowdsourced project, OSM is susceptible to several forms of data vandalism , including copyright infringement, graffiti, and spam. Overall, vandalism accounts for an estimated 0.2% of edits to OSM, which

1960-427: The launch of pricing for Google Maps led several prominent websites to switch from their service to OpenStreetMap and other competitors. Chief among these were Foursquare and Craigslist , which adopted OpenStreetMap, and Apple , which ended a contract with Google and launched a self-built mapping platform using TomTom and OpenStreetMap data. The OSM project aims to collect data about stationary objects throughout

2016-506: The name to the temple. Symmetrically around the viharn Luang were grouped four other halls. North was a viharn which was a bit smaller than the viharn Luang, yet large enough to accommodate the more than 10 m high statue of Phra Phuttha Lokanat. East front was the Phra Chom Thong Tinang Throne Hall. Symmetrically, stood south of the viharn of Luang viharn Pa Le Lei, in which probably was a seated Buddha statue. Around

2072-495: The new licensing terms, as well as all subsequent edits to those affected objects. It also included any data contributed based on input data that was not compatible with the new terms. Estimates suggested that over 97% of data would be retained globally, but certain regions would be affected more than others, such as in Australia where 24 to 84% of objects would be retained, depending on the type of object. Ultimately, more than 99% of

2128-494: The official OSM website directs contributors to the Web-based iD editor. Meta develops a fork of this editor, Rapid, that provides access to external datasets, including some derived from machine learning detections. For complex or large-scale changes, experienced users often turn to more powerful desktop editing applications such as JOSM and Potlatch . Several mobile applications also edit OSM. Go Map!! and Vespucci are

2184-475: The over all percentage of edits from corporations peaked at about 10% in 2020 and 2021 and has since fallen to about 2-3% in 2024. Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) is a nonprofit organisation promoting community mapping across the world. It developed the open source HOT Tasking Manager for collaboration, and contributed to mapping efforts after the April 2015 Nepal earthquake , the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes , and

2240-511: The palace in 1351, he established Ayutthaya as his capital and was bestowed the title of King Ramathibodi I. In 1448 King Borommatrailokkanat built a new palace to the north and converted the old palace grounds to be a holy site . His son, King Ramathibodi II added two Stupa , which in Thailand are known as Chedis, built in 1492 where the ashes of his father, King Borommatrailokkanat , and his brother, King Borommaracha III were buried. In 1499

2296-785: The planet on S3 for querying in Athena . As part of the QLever project, the University of Freiburg publishes Turtle dumps suitable for linked data systems. From 2020 to 2024, Meta published the Daylight Map Distribution, which applied quality assurance processes and added some external datasets to OSM data to make it more production-ready. OSM data also forms a major part of the Overture Maps Foundation 's dataset and commercial datasets from Mapbox and MapTiler . Map data

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2352-451: The primary full-featured editors for iOS and Android , respectively. StreetComplete is an Android application designed for laypeople around a guided question-and-answer format. Every Door, Maps.me , Organic Maps , and OsmAnd include basic functionality for editing points of interest. Between 2018 and 2023, the top five editing tools by number of edits were JOSM, iD, StreetComplete, Rapid, and Potlatch. OSM accepts contributions from

2408-498: The project developed tools to export OpenStreetMap data to power portable GPS units, replacing their existing proprietary and out-of-date maps. In March 2008, two founders of CloudMade, a commercial company that uses OpenStreetMap data, announced that they had received venture capital funding of €2.4   million. In 2010, AOL launched an OSM-based version of MapQuest and committed $ 1 million to increasing OSM's coverage of local communities for its Patch website. In 2012,

2464-424: The project is possible without using a GPS unit, such as by using paper mapping. Similar to users contributing data using a GPS unit , corporations (e.g. Amazon) with large vehicle fleets may use telemetry data from the vehicles to contribute data to OpenStreetMap. Some committed contributors adopt the task of mapping whole towns and cities, or organising mapping parties to gather the support of others to complete

2520-444: The project's scope is generally limited to the present day, as opposed to the past or future. Each feature comes with structured metadata indicating facts such as names, physical characteristics, contact information, and access restrictions. Standards exist for mapping three-dimensional architectural elements and indoor details within buildings, as well as lane-level navigation details. OSM's data model differs markedly from that of

2576-611: The three Chedis that can be seen today. In 1767, the Burmese conquered the capital of Ayutthaya and began the extensive destruction and looting of numerous temples and other buildings, including the Wat Phra Si Sanphet. They set the building on fire and melted the gold. Two Chedis were destroyed in the process, while the eastern Chedi was still standing. All were restored by the Fine Arts Department in 1956. Wat Phra Si Sanphet

2632-403: The world, including infrastructure and other aspects of the built environment , points of interest , land use and land cover classifications, and topography . Map features range in scale from international boundaries to hyperlocal details such as shops and street furniture . Although historically significant features and ongoing construction projects are routinely included in the database,

2688-551: The world. A study in 2011 compared OSM data with TomTom for Germany. For car navigation TomTom has 9% more information, while for the entire street network, OSM has 27% more information. In 2011, TriMet , which serves the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area , found that OSM's street data, consumed through the routing engine OpenTripPlanner and the search engine Apache Solr , yields better results than analogous GIS datasets managed by local government agencies. A 2021 study compared

2744-573: Was accelerated by Google Maps 's introduction of pricing in 2012 and the development of supporting software and applications. The database is hosted by the OpenStreetMap Foundation , a non-profit organisation registered in England and Wales and is funded mostly via donations. Steve Coast founded the project in 2004 while at a university in Britain, initially focusing on mapping the United Kingdom. In

2800-408: Was created by Steve Coast in response to the Ordnance Survey , the United Kingdom's national mapping agency, failing to release its data to the public under free licences in 2004. Initially, maps were created only via GPS traces , but it was quickly populated by importing public domain geographical data such as the U.S. TIGER and by tracing imagery as permitted by source. OpenStreetMap's adoption

2856-726: Was successful the following year and placed one of his sons on the throne. However, they were only able to keep the throne until 1357, when the Khmers were able to regain it. King Ramathibodi's death sparked a conflict over succession. Initially, his son King Ramesuan became ruler of Ayutthaya, but his son later abdicated in favor of Ramathibodi's brother-in-law and the ruler of Suvarnabhumi , King Borommarachathirat I . In 1388 Ramesuan took revenge by taking Ayutthaya back from Borommarachathirat I's son, Thonglan . and followed by Borommarachathirat I's nephew Intharacha took Ayutthaya back for Suphannaphum dynasty in 1408. From then on Uthong dynasty

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2912-491: Was surrounded by a cloister (Phra Rabieng), in each case a hall was built in the west and in the east, an arrangement as can be seen in many temples in the country today. The building in the West actually consisted of four individual viharn, which were arranged in a cross shape to a Mondop around. The building to the east was the viharn Luang, the biggest building of the temple. In it stood the statue of Phra Si Sanphet Phuttha, which gave

2968-410: Was the first king of the kingdom Ayutthaya (now part of Thailand ), reigning from 1351 to 1369. He was known as Prince U Thong (meaning "Golden Cradle") before he ascended to the throne in 1350. There are many theories about Uthong's background, including possibly being a descendant of Mangrai . According to a better-known source, a seventeenth-century account by Dutchman Jeremias van Vliet ,

3024-474: Was the main object of veneration within the royal chapel. Another Chedi was built under King Borommaracha IV in 1529 to enshrined his father's ashes, King Ramathibodi II. Later, more constructions were added by King Narai . It's not sure if the Mondops between each Chedis were added during that time. In 1630, King Narai added a cross-shaped vihara just west of the platform supporting the three chedis, this vihara

3080-415: Was the royal temple, it was exclusively used by members of the royal family. When Wat Phra Si Sanphet was used for royal ceremonies, monks had to be invited since no monks lived there. In its final stage before its destruction the temple was an impressive structure. Additional facilities were located on a raised platform, the three Chedis, which are today the only buildings which have been restored. All other

3136-465: Was then purged and became a mere noble family of Ayutthaya until the 16th century. OpenStreetMap OpenStreetMap (abbreviated OSM ) is a website that uses an open geographic database which is updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration . Contributors collect data from surveys , trace from aerial photo imagery or satellite imagery , and also import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap

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