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Wassen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland .

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117-420: As of 2006, Wassen has an area of 97 km (37 sq mi). Of this area, 12.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 18.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (68.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). In the 1993/97 land survey, 9.6% of the total land area was heavily forested, while 6.8% is covered in small trees and shrubbery. Of

234-502: A Fachhochschule ). Zug has an unemployment rate of 2.28%. As of 2005 , there were 172 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 51 businesses involved in this sector. 5,821 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 269 businesses in this sector. 21,445 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 3,205 businesses in this sector. Zug is known as a hockey town in Switzerland. The town's main team

351-455: A UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Zug education system is based on equal abilities and includes compulsory primary and secondary school, with optional secondary education and vocational training. Two thirds of young people go into vocational education, connected to an apprenticeship, joining the professional world after the 9th grade of secondary school. The international business community of Zug offers many and varied apprenticeships along with

468-494: A collegiate authority . It is composed of five councillors ( German : Stadtrat/-rätin ), each presiding over a department ( Departement ) comprising several bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor ( Stadtpräsident ). In the mandate period 2015–2018 ( Legislatur ) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Karl Kobelt . Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by

585-467: A rack railway to the summit of Monte Generoso . The Gotthard line then continues to Mendrisio and Chiasso . Chiasso station houses the border controls and has a large international marshalling yard . Conventional trains change locomotives here due to different traction voltages and train protection systems in Italy. The Gotthard line carries a mixture of freight and long distance passenger trains over

702-557: A clear width of 12 metres (39 ft), bridging larger distances with iron superstructures , which therefore became a frequent sight on the original Gotthard line, their iron representing a weight of 17723 tons. The construction of each bridge represented its own individual challenge, depending on the surrounding geography and geology . With the exception of three arch bridges all steel bridges consisted of very simple, straight, single beam truss constructions . These had to be reinforced already before 1914 still during steam operation of

819-696: A confessional border town. During the Reformation, Zug clung to the old faith and was a member of the Christliche Vereinigung of 1529. In 1586, it became a member of the Golden League. The period up until 1798 was marked by internal political rivalries and turbulence. The invasion of the French troops marked the end of the old order, and with the Helvetic order came a radical political change. Zug became part of

936-408: A guide. Wassen has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 412. As of 2007, 7.2% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -16%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (94.2%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (2.4%) and Italian being third (1.3%). As of 2007 the gender distribution of the population

1053-637: A major junction is reached at Giubiasco . Here the original main line branches off what is now considered the main Gotthard line to Lugano and Chiasso. What was originally considered the main line continues down the valley of the Ticino, crossing the Italian border and continuing to meet the Italian railway system at Pino on the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore . The line beyond Pino to the Italian town of Luino , although Italian-owned, has always been operated as part of

1170-505: A population (as of 31 December 2020) of 30,934. As of 2014 , 31.7% of which are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years [when?] the population has grown at a rate of 11.4%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (81.8%), with Italian being second most common (3.8%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.2%). In Zug about 76% of the population (between the ages 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

1287-520: A promenade, from which views of the Rigi and Pilatus , as well as of the snowy peaks of the Bernese Oberland , are gained. Towards its northerly end, a monument marks the spot where a part of the shore slipped into the lake in 1887. The older part of the town is rather crowded together, though only four of the wall towers and a small part of the town walls still survive. The most striking old building in

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1404-414: A signal bell. Southbound trains were signalled by 3 triple chimes, northbound trains by two double chimes. The signalling mechanism at each signal bell had to be manually wound up every day by station employees and railway watchmen. Part of the mechanism was a weight having to be raised by help of a pulley. The electric signal triggering the alarm operated a relay, activating the bell's hammer through force of

1521-498: A total of 142 people worked in 42 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 5,939 workers in 351 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 34,085 jobs in 6,592 businesses. In 2013 a total of 15.3% of the population received social assistance. Since 2016, Zug has accepted digital currency , first for small payments of municipal fees up to CH200. To reduce risk, Zug immediately converts any cryptocurrency received into Swiss francs. This

1638-610: A tunnel under the Gotthard Pass . The selected route was an ancient one that pilgrims and traders had used since at least the 13th century. Treaties for the construction of the line were made with the Kingdom of Italy , in 1869, and the German Empire , in 1871. The Gotthard Railway Company was incorporated in Lucerne in 1871. To the overall costs of CHF  238 million (in 1869/71)

1755-644: Is EV Zug , which plays in the National League (NL). They play their home games in the 7,200-seat Bossard Arena . Their affiliate team, the EV Zug Academy, competes in the Swiss League (SL) and their home games are either held in the 7,200-seat Bossard Arena or in the 1,500-seat Academy Arena. EV Zug II plays in the Second Regio League, the fifth highest league in Switzerland. Their home games are held in

1872-472: Is a 60 km (37 mi) long network of trails in nearby Göscheneralptal with 90 stations devoted to the theme of water. The Schöllenen Gorge is a gorge, over which, according to legend, a bridge could only be built with the help of the devil. The Pfaffensprung crystal caves is a 165 m (541 ft) long crystal cave. It is the second largest crystal cave in Switzerland and has provided large quantities of mountain crystals for centuries. Accessible with

1989-603: Is also made with the Arth-Rigi-Bahn , a rack railway climbing the mountain Rigi . The Zug branch of the Gotthard railway commences in the city of Zug . It makes a junction, in Zug station , with the line to Zürich via Thalwil . The line then follows the east shore of the Lake of Zug to reach Arth-Goldau. From Arth-Goldau, the line then follows the Lauerzer See and passes Schwyz ,

2106-672: Is also near Lake Zug. Sights within the town include the late Gothic church of St. Wolfgang, near Hünenberg, or St. Oswald in Zug, the old town of Zug with the Town Hall and the Zytturm (clock tower), the Huwiler Tower , the Zurlaubenhof, feudal estate of the family Zurlauben, on the outskirts of the town. Zug's culture also includes the famous Zuger cherry liqueur cake. Local specialties, in addition to

2223-639: Is made with the Lugano–Ponte Tresa railway , a metre gauge railway to the town of Ponte Tresa . Following the western waterside of Lake Lugano , the line crosses Lake Lugano at the Melide causeway , a 817-metre-long (2,680 ft) causeway and bridge. The track follows the eastern waterside from the Melide causeway to Capolago-Riva San Vitale station . Here interchange is made with the Monte Generoso railway ,

2340-463: Is now about 2.53% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, 54 ha (130 acres) is used for orchards and vineyards, 651 ha (1,610 acres) is fields and grasslands and 39 ha (96 acres) consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1982 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 74 ha (180 acres). Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 2 ha (4.9 acres). Rivers and lakes cover 20 ha (49 acres) in

2457-641: Is on the Gotthard line and the rail line makes a double loop near Wassen to help the trains deal with the climb. The Susten Pass connects Wassen with Innertkirchen . The Gottardo-Weitwanderweg (long-distance hiking trail) between Erstfeld and Biasca was opened for the 125th anniversary of the Gotthard Railway. Panels at over 50 places, including Wassen, provide information on the Gotthard Region and its railway. Waterworld educational and experience trail

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2574-570: Is part of a strategy to associate Zug with new technologies. Zug is a popular location for incorporation of companies, such as Siemens Building Technologies , and Nord Stream AG . Zug has also been referred to as Crypto Valley because of the large number of companies engaged in cryptocurrency in the city. These include Ethereum , Cardano , Polkadot and Bitcoin Suisse. By 2018, a Crypto Valley Association had been formed, with Oliver Bussmann as its president. The lake shore has been embanked and forms

2691-454: Is precipitation for an average of 12.7 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 13.7, but with only 156 mm (6.1 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is January with an average of 67 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 12.7 days. The City Council ( Stadtrat ) constitutes the executive government of the Town of Zug and operates as

2808-458: Is reached via Altdorf . The depot at Erstfeld station houses rolling stock needed for the Gotthard route, i.e. for banking service . A Ce 6/8 "crocodile" serves as a memorial for the legendary Gotthard locomotives. For the whole of the northern ramp from Erstfeld to Göschenen, the line follows the valley of the Reuss . The track now gets steeper with a gradient of up to 27 ‰. After Amsteg

2925-503: Is scheduled at 04:09, from where it leaves again at 04:14. In 1899 the entire train journey from Bellinzona to Lugano was scheduled to be 52 minutes. Today (2017), the same journey on one of the EC trains takes 27 minutes. The illustrations shows that between Giubiasco and Rivera Bironico trains do not pass each other as in 1899 this was, as mentioned in the paragraph above, a single track line. This information can thus be drawn form both,

3042-483: Is sometimes called a Re 10/10. If the trains are heavier, then any additional locomotives must be used as banking locomotives at the rear of the train, because the tractive effort of more power at the front of the train would exceed the capacity of the couplers within the train. The Gotthardbahn and its branchlines pass over a total of 1234 bridges and open passages which span a total of 6,471 metres (21,230 ft). Arch bridges from stone were only constructed up to

3159-447: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 26.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 2.5% is unproductive land. In the 2004 survey a total of 353 ha (870 acres) or about 16.3% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 60 ha (150 acres) over the 1982 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 8 ha (20 acres) and

3276-470: The Aargauische Südbahn completed the section from Rotkreuz to Immensee, which provided a rail link from Aarau . The additional feeder lines from Lucerne to Immensee, and from Zug to Arth-Goldau were completed in 1887. The Gotthard Railway graphic timetable contains a great variety of information with regards to material and especially operational aspects in the year 1899, 17 years after

3393-453: The Ceneri section it is clearly visible to this day that these were built at greatly different points in time. The Giubiasco-Al Sasso and Al Sasso-Rivera sections were equipped with double-tracks in 1922 and 1934 respectively. The graphic timetable is a two-dimensional image of the train journeys. Time is displayed horizontally from midnight XII o'clock to midnight XII o'clock. The stations along

3510-678: The Milan–Chiasso railway , which runs across the Swiss–Italian border . The main line, second highest standard railway in Switzerland , penetrates the Alps using the Gotthard Tunnel at 1,151 metres (3,776 ft) above sea level. The line then descends as far as Bellinzona, at 241 metres (791 ft) above sea level, before climbing again to the pass of Monte Ceneri , on the way to Lugano and Chiasso. The extreme differences in altitude necessitate

3627-599: The Saint-Gotthard Massif which it crosses, is the Swiss trans-alpine railway line from northern Switzerland to the canton of Ticino . The line forms a major part of an important international railway link between northern and southern Europe, especially on the Rotterdam-Basel-Genoa corridor . The Gotthard Railway Company ( German : Gotthardbahn-Gesellschaft ) was the former private railway company that financed

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3744-554: The Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) turned to selling these watchman houses. The Gotthard Railway Company worked the Gotthard railway until 1909, when it became part of the Swiss Federal Railways . This was seven years after the creation of that state owned railway, and the Gotthard railway was the last major railway to be absorbed. In 1922, the whole line was electrified by Brown, Boveri & Cie with 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC supplied by overhead line . The approaches to

3861-671: The Unternehmensarchiv der Landis & Gyr AG (Landis & Gyr AG company archives). The rest of the sites are the Catholic Church of St. Oswald with Charnel house , the Seminary of St. Michael, the town walls and several buildings in the old town of Zug. The prehistoric settlements at Oterswil/Insel Eielen, Riedmatt and Sumpf are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps

3978-446: The primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 34 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 7 businesses in this sector. 121 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 18 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Gotthardbahn The Gotthard railway ( German : Gotthardbahn ; Italian : Ferrovia del Gottardo ), named after

4095-492: The telegraph-relays were produced by Gustav Hasler  [ de ] ( Bern ). The Gotthardbahn employed signal bells within its stations and along the line to signal any approaching train. An alarm was triggered once a train had left a neighbouring station or block station. These signal bells were partly installed along the line and signalled any construction worker of an approaching train. In addition, any railway watchman's house and railroad crossing would be equipped with

4212-559: The voter turnout was 55.4%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the SP increased sharply from 6.4% in 2011 to 17.2% in 2015, while the percentage that the GPS received dropped from 21.3% to 9.5%. After World War II , Zug helped the town of Fürstenfeld , Styria in Austria . In 1986 they decided to become sister cities. Zug has

4329-450: The "Biaschina-Loops", lead the line down to Giornico, at an altitude of 391 metres (1,283 ft). By the time the line has arrived at Biasca , at an altitude of 293 metres (961 ft), the valley has widened, and the gradient reduced. From Biasca station the line continues to follow the Ticino as far as Bellinzona , at an altitude of 241 metres (791 ft) and the capital of the canton of Ticino. Just beyond Bellinzona station ,

4446-608: The Academy Arena. HC Zugerland plays in the Third Regio League, the sixth highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games in the Bossard Arena. Zug also has numerous junior teams that compete in the different junior leagues of Switzerland. There are also an amateur association football team, Zug 94 , which was formed in 1994 and one amateur Rugby Team, Zug Rugby Club, in the national 3rd Division. They also have

4563-951: The Canton High School in the town of Zug, and the Cantonal School in Menzingen. Also at higher secondary level, is the Vocational School Zug and the Business Studies School, incorporated within the Canton School. Zug is one of the university cantons, with, on the one hand, the University of Teacher Training, PHZ Zug, on the other, a polytechnic for financial services. There are also six technical colleges (for business, computer science, engineering design, naturopathy and homeopathy, child education, and rescue services). In 2022

4680-485: The Ceneri Base Tunnel was opened in 2020. By the early 1870s, northern Switzerland had a significant network of railways, with links to the adjoining railways of Germany and France. To the west, a line had reached Brig , in the upper Rhone valley , from Lausanne . In the central north, lines linked Olten , Lucerne , Zug and Zürich . However, no line had yet reached through the Alps to southern Switzerland or

4797-508: The Diplomatic Research and Policy Foundation (DRPF). Diplomatic Research and Policy Foundation is a prestigious Intergovernmental Organization a Government recognized Accreditation Agency founded by Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Macedonia and Ministry of Diaspora, Republic of Albania. The same is now graced by the presence of Ministry of Labour and Social Service, Government of Kosovo. The range of educational institutions

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4914-598: The European Institute of Management and Technology (EIMT) has been duly established in the Canton of Zug, Switzerland as a Business, Management and Technology Tertiary education school offering bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees, through online, onsite or hybrid mediums and through other schools worldwide under the aegis of the laws, regulations and authorities of Switzerland. The European Institute of Management and Technology has been granted Accreditation for two years by

5031-449: The Gotthard Railway's early days ultrasound was not available to examine the tracks. Fractures within these were far more common than today, when special ultrasound equipped trains are employed in the maintenance process. The railway watchman was especially important in ensuring the Gotthard railway's safe operation. A railway watchman was assigned to a special segment of tracks which he had to inspect every day. Fractures, deformations and

5148-496: The Gotthard Tunnel are susceptible to rockfalls , regularly leading to closures of the railway line. In the worst such incident in recent times, the Gotthard line was closed to all traffic for almost one month following a rockfall near Gurtnellen on 5 June 2012, which killed one rail worker and injured two others. The closure caused massive disruption of both passenger and international freight traffic. The Lucerne branch of

5265-611: The Gotthard line is within this tunnel, 1,151 metres (3,776 ft) above sea level, which makes it the second highest standard railway in Switzerland, after the Lötschberg railway line , the other main north-south axis in the country. Here the tunnel crosses the border between the canton of Uri and the canton of Ticino , and line passes from the German-speaking part of Switzerland to the Italian-speaking part. The line exits

5382-678: The Gotthard line meets the Schöllenenbahn , a metre gauge rack operated branch of the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn that ascends to Andermatt , where connections can be made over the Oberalppass to Chur or through the Furka Base Tunnel to Brig . Immediately after Göschenen station, the Gotthard railway enters the Gotthard Tunnel, a 15,003-metre-long (49,222 ft), double-track tunnel, built as one tube. The highest point of

5499-538: The Gotthard railway commences in Lucerne station , facing the south shore of Lake Lucerne . From here it undertakes a 270 degree turn, heading first south, then west, north and east, as well as crossing the river Reuss , to reach the north shore of the lake. From here it continues along the west shore of the Küssnacht arm of the lake to reach Immensee station . Here it meets the Rotkreuz branch , which runs from Rotkreuz to

5616-557: The Gotthard railway in the Bellinzona area, before proceeding down the branches to Locarno and Luino respectively, with some S30 trains extended to Milan Malpensa Airport . Besides trains operated by the Swiss Federal Railways , other railway companies have also been able to run trains on the Gotthard route since the introduction of open access in 2001. Companies that have taken advantage of this include Deutsche Bahn AG , who operate through freight trains from Germany to Italy. Most of

5733-582: The Gotthard railway used a telegraph -network, which linked up all railway stations on the entire line from Luzern to Chiasso , Locarno and Luino . This network is pointed out on the left hand side of the graphic timetable dated 1899. The telegraphs for every railway station shown on the timetable are marked with a black dot. As a detailed section from the timetable shows, the Biasca station used four telegraphs at that time. One of those telegraphs linked all stations from Biasca to Bellinzona . Whatever message

5850-583: The Gotthardbahn are: Zug Zug ( Standard German : [tsuːk] , Alemannic German : [tsuːɡ̊] ; French : Zoug ; Italian : Zugo ; Romansh : Zug ; Neo-Latin : Tugium ) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug . Its name, translating from German as "pull" or "tug", originates from the fishing vocabulary; in the Middle Ages it referred to

5967-552: The Gotthardbahn due to quickly increasing traffic and load. Fish-belly truss structures were attached to the bridges from below where possible and an arch truss structure was added from the top, where a short clear height made this necessary, besides other measures. Eventually all original iron bridges had to be replaced with modern bridges because they had been built and were repeatedly reinforced to specifications that again and again were surpassed by increasing traffic, velocity and load. Notable originally single beam truss bridges on

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6084-509: The Grand Municipal Council are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. The current mandate period ( Legislatur ) is from 2019 to 2022. Any resident of Zug allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz (since 2014). The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while

6201-508: The Iron Age (850-50 BC) and the Roman and Celtic-Roman time (from 50 BC) have been unearthed. In around AD 600, Alemannic families and tribes migrated to the area of present-day canton Zug. The name Blickensdorf, and place names with '-ikon' endings, prove this as the first Alemannic living space. The churches of Baar and Risch also date back to the early Middle Ages. The first written document on

6318-467: The Italian government eventually contributed CHF 58 million ( £ 2.25 million), with Germany contributing CHF 30 million (£1.25 million). Construction of the Gotthard railway started in 1872, and the first lowland sections from Biasca to Locarno and Lugano to Chiasso were opened by 1874. The whole line was inaugurated with festivities in Lucerne and Chiasso from 21 May to 25 May 1882. Scheduled operations started on 1 June. At

6435-623: The Library of the former Capuchin monastery and the library of the parish church of St. Michael. One archeological site, the Sumpf a late Bronze Age lake shore settlement, is included, as are three museums; the Burg (Castle museum), Kunsthaus (Art museum) and Museum für Urgeschichte (Museum for ancient history). There are three archives that are included in the list; Bürgerarchiv Zug (Citizen's archive of Zug), Staatsarchiv Zug (State/Canton of Zug archive) and

6552-526: The Renaissance period – something very rare at that time. The overall urban planning implemented in the small town of Zug was modern for its time. During the turmoil of the Reformation, Zug remained on the Catholic side of central Switzerland and retained the old faith. Warring religious confederates fought at Kappel am Albis (1531) and at Gubel in Menzingen. Its location on the edge of central Switzerland made Zug

6669-728: The Swiss locomotives were originally constructed for the Gotthard line, so many of them were called "Gotthardlokomotiven", for instance C 5/6 "Elephant" , Ce 6/8 and Be 6/8 "Krokodil" , Ae 8/14 "Landilok" , Ae 6/6 , Re 620 . Famous trainsets on the Gotthard route are the Trans Europ Express and the Roter Pfeil , as well as the tilting train , Cisalpino Pendolino . Nowadays passenger trains are mostly pulled by Re 4/4 (up to two for long trains) and sometimes by Re 460 , freight trains by Re 6/6 and Re 4/4 . Up to 1300 tons may be pulled by an Re 6/6 with an Re 4/4 . This combination

6786-502: The Swiss system. At Cadenazzo on the line to Pino, a further branch crosses the Ticino and runs a short distance down the western shore of Lago Maggiore to a terminus at the Swiss resort town of Locarno . Transfer can be made at Locarno station to the international metre gauge Domodossola–Locarno railway . At Giubiasco , the line from Immensee to Chiasso reaches its lowest point of 230 metres (750 ft) above sea level. From here

6903-709: The Zug Burgbachkeller , along with the Chollerhalle cultural center, are the most famous establishments. The event centers in Baar, Cham and Rotkreuz and the Zug youth scene (Galvanik, Podium Industrie 45) enrich the range of cultural events. Zug is surrounded with mountains, rivers and lakes including the mountains Zugerberg and the Walchwilerberg Oberallmig, the Höhronen and the river Sihl. The Choller nature reserve

7020-422: The Zug alliance was declared invalid by all parties. A period of Schwyz domination then followed. Only gradually did Zug become sovereign and federal. Simultaneously, Zug expanded its territory, acquiring a number of rural areas in the form of bailiwicks ( Walchwil , Cham , Gangolfswil [Risch] Hünenberg and Steinhausen , and Oberrüti, now part of the canton of Aargau). Zug became a confederation in itself – with

7137-515: The Zug technical and industrial college, GIBZ, and the business college, KBZ, provide the academic knowledge and skills. Zug has a long tradition of education. Private schools, like the Montana Institute Zug, on Zugerberg, International School of Zug or Lucerne (ISZL), or the Dr. Pfister Institute AG, Oberägeri supplement the range available. In addition, there are the three former non-state teacher training colleges in Menzingen, Holy Cross in Cham and St. Michael in Zug. Canton Zug has two high schools:

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7254-516: The aforementioned weight. Each signal bell within the Gotthard railway's network is marked on the graphic timetable. The railway watchman's house number 159 (Casello 159) signal bell on the Monte Ceneri line between Giubiasco and Rivera-Bironico is shown as an example in the timetable's excerpt . A southbound train departing Giubiasco for Rivera-Bironico would trigger alarms of eleven different signal bells on its 11 kilometres long journey. Around 1980 these signal bells were decommissioned. In

7371-403: The agricultural land, 2.5% is used for orchards or vine crops and 10.1% is used for alpine pastures. Of the settled areas, 0.2% is covered with buildings, and 0.8% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.1% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), 1.2% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), 48.5% is too rocky for vegetation, and 18.3% is other unproductive land. It

7488-405: The area originates from the year 858, and refers to King Ludwig the German giving the farm Chama (Cham) to the Zürich Fraumünster convent. At this time, the area of present-day Zug belonged to completely different monastic and secular landlords, the most important of whom were the Habsburgs, and who, in 1264, inherited the Kyburg rights and remained a central political power until about 1400. In

7605-413: The area trace back to 14,000 BC. There have been Paleolithic finds on the north bank of Lake Zug , which come from nomadic hunters and gatherers. Archaeologists have also found over forty lake-shore settlements, known as pile dwellings , on the shores of Lake Zug from the epoch of the first settled farmers in the Neolithic period (5,500-2,200 BC). The peak in these lake-shore village settlements

7722-401: The border with Italy. All north-to-south rail traffic had to pass either to the west or east of Switzerland through the Mont-Cenis , Semmering or Brenner railways. A north-south route through Switzerland had been discussed as far back as 1848. An international conference in Bern in 1869 had decided that the best route would be via the valleys of the rivers Reuss and Ticino , linked by

7839-473: The canton Waldstätten, and the cantonal capital for a short time. After a 50-year struggle between federalism and centralism, between confederation and central state, between conservative and liberal-radical vision, in 1848, today's federal government of Switzerland emerged. Zug was given its current cantonal structure, consisting of eleven local municipalities. Until well into the 19th century, Zug consisted of agricultural land. Actual industrialization began with

7956-420: The capital of the canton of Schwyz , at an altitude of 455 metres (1,493 ft). From Brunnen to Flüelen , the line follows the Lake Lucerne (that part of it is also referred to as Urnersee ). In that section, the Axen , the two tracks follow two different routes mainly in tunnel because the second track was built later (up to 1943) and on a straighter route through longer tunnels. At Flüelen station ,

8073-481: The cherry and the cherry liqueur cake, include the Zug 'Rötel', a fine lake charfish, found on many menus. The IG Culture Zug society , an umbrella organization of museums, theaters, orchestras and other cultural organizations, was founded in Zug in 1995. The society publishes calendars and a magazine of cultural events in the canton. In 2019 it had 167 members. There are a number of Swiss heritage sites of national significance in Zug. These include two libraries,

8190-406: The construction of and originally operated that line. The railway comprises an international main line through Switzerland from Basel ( French : Bâle ) or Zürich to Immensee to Chiasso , together with branches, from Immensee to Lucerne and Rotkreuz , from Arth-Goldau to Zug or Pfäffikon SZ , and from Bellinzona to Chiasso via Locarno and Luino . At Chiasso, the line connects to

8307-405: The control of the Habsburgs and was placed under a Habsburg bailiff . The Aeusser Amt or Outer District consisted of the villages and towns surrounding Zug, which each had their own Landsgemeinden but were ruled by a single Habsburg bailiff. Zug was important as an administrative center of the Kyburg and the Habsburg district, then as a local market place, and, thereafter, as a stage town for

8424-507: The course of the high medieval town construction, the settlement of Zug also received a town wall at some point after 1200. The town founders were probably the counts of Kyburg . The town, first mentioned in AD 1240, was called an " oppidum " in 1242 and a " castrum " in 1255. In 1273, it was bought by Rudolph of Habsburg from Anna, the heiress of Kyburg and wife of Eberhard, head of the cadet line of Habsburg . Through this purchase it passed into

8541-436: The days of the double-track steam service, roughly at the time of the graphic timetable's validity. The graphic timetable sees two tracks running southwards from Giubiasco station . One is signposted "Chiasso" , the other " Luino / Locarno ". From this point onwards the railway runs on single tracks. Giubiasco's neighbouring stations to the south, Rivera-Bironico and Cadenazzo , are all on single tracks. At each underpass on

8658-569: The double loop of Wassen , at an altitude of 928 metres (3,045 ft), which allows the famous church of Wassen to be seen three times from different perspectives, first from below and the last time from 200 metres (660 ft) above. The line passes over the Reuss twice, and the Meienreuss three times in this section. After a 1,570-metre-long (5,150 ft) tunnel, the line reaches Göschenen station , at an altitude of 1,106 metres (3,629 ft). Here

8775-649: The entrepreneur Wolfgang Henggeler, who in 1834 built a cotton mill in Unterägeri. This was followed by the two companies in Neuägeri and Baar. In 1866, the American George Ham Page founded the first European condensed milk factory in Cham, which later merged with Nestlé . Industry in Zug was dominated by the company Landis+Gyr , founded in 1896, and now owned by Toshiba . The connection to the Swiss railway network in 1864

8892-455: The existing tunnel continue to restrict speed and capacity on this important international route, and in 1992 it was decided to build a new lower level route on the Gotthard axis as part of the NRLA project. This route involves the construction of the new Gotthard Base Tunnel and Ceneri Base Tunnel . The Gotthard Base Tunnel has been completed and was integrated with the existing route in 2016, while

9009-422: The full length of the line. The long distance passenger trains include EuroCity (EC) trains between Zürich and Milan , and ICN and IR trains between a number of cities in northern Switzerland and various points in Ticino . Passenger trains using the Gotthard line in the past included the Trans Europ Express trains Gottardo , Roland , and Ticino . Regional commuter rail services also operate on

9126-463: The heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall) on Kolinplatz. As of October 2018 , Zug's City Council is made up of two of FDP ( FDP.The Liberals , of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP ( Christian Democratic Party ), CSP ( Christian Social Party ), and SVP ( Swiss People's Party ). The last regular election

9243-536: The inauguration of the Gotthard tunnel and completion of the railway. The map key and captions to each column are to be found at the top of the page. Leading from left to right information is given on the location of each station's elevation in relation to sea level, the longitudinal profile, signal lights, tunnels and their length, for each route section on southbound journeys the greatest gradient, distances, employed telegraphs and their networking, signal bells and their connection, telephones, block stations, track layout of

9360-407: The journey, from Zug and Lucerne to Chiasso , Locarno and Luino are displayed vertically. The first scheduled train, an express train with 1st, 2nd and 3rd class carriages, leaves Bellinzona at 03:17. The train with the number 55 is powered by a steam locomotive and, according to the timetable, does not make a scheduled stop at Giubiasco, Rivera-Bironico and Taverne . Arrival at Lugano

9477-409: The largest junior (minis) club in Switzerland. They have had many junior players representing Switzerland at U18 & U19 Internationally. Additionally, there is an amateur floorball team, Zug United . Zug has a rowing club See-Club Zug , which is repeatedly the highest ranked rowing club in Switzerland. As of  2012 , there were a total of 40,166 people employed in the municipality. Of these,

9594-682: The late Bronze Age ( urnfield culture ) settlement of Zug-Sumpf . Many of Catharine II of Russia 's relatives descended from Zug and became known as the Volga Germans . There are three museums in the town: the Museum of Prehistory, which displays archaeological finds from Canton Zug; the castle houses the Museum of Cultural History of the town and Canton Zug, and the Zug Art Gallery attracts visitors with its exhibitions. Several municipalities also have their own local museum. The Casino Theatre in Zug and

9711-576: The league of the Swabian cities against Leopold III of Austria and shared in the victory of Sempach , as well as in the various Argovian (1415) and Thurgovian (1460) conquests of the Confederates, and later in those of Italy (1512), having already taken part in the occupation of the Val d'Ossola. Between 1379 ( Walchwil ) and 1477 ( Cham ), Zug had acquired various districts in its own neighborhood, principally to

9828-619: The line falls by no less than 849 metres (2,785 ft) in 46 kilometres (29 mi). At Piotta , the Funicolare del Ritom ascends to the Ritom dam. Beyond Rodi-Fiesso , at an altitude of 942 metres (3,091 ft), the most impressive section of the southern ramp begins. The valley narrows to the Piotta canyon, and the line passes two spirals ("Piottino-Loops") to lose 200 metres (660 ft) in height before reaching Faido . Two more spirals, known as

9945-579: The line passes the Chärstelenbach Bridge and changes the side of the valley over the Intschireuss Bridge, which is, with its 77 metres (253 ft), the highest bridge in the SBB network. After Gurtnellen , at an altitude of 738 metres (2,421 ft), the first of several tunneled railway spirals is encountered; their purpose is mainly to gain height where no space is available. Two of them form

10062-525: The line rises again to Monte Ceneri , the pass between the Sopraceneri and the Sottoceneri , and then passes through the two parallel, single-track Monte Ceneri Tunnels . It reaches the highest point on this part of the line, at Rivera-Bironico station , at an altitude of 472 metres (1,549 ft), before descending to Lugano , at an altitude of 335 metres (1,099 ft). At Lugano station interchange

10179-609: The line. In Italian these watchman's houses are called Casello . Every day they had to inspect the tracks up to the next watchman's segment. The watchman houses were built along the entire Gotthard line with distances of up to 4 kilometres between them and were all numbered. From 1950 onward the track inspections did not require as many inspections as before. Between Giubiasco and Rivera the railway watchmen then only had to perform such an inspection every other day. Their former watchman houses now remained unmanned and were subsequently used as holiday homes or private dwellings. From 1995 onward

10296-455: The municipality. See also climate of Lucerne and Zürich . Zug has an average of 136.1 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,224 mm (48.2 in) of precipitation . It has an average of 5.5 days per year with visibility reduced to less than 1 km, the international definition of fog. The wettest month is August during which time Zug receives an average of 158 mm (6.2 in) of precipitation. During this month there

10413-411: The north and the west, which were ruled till 1798 by the town alone as subject lands. In 1478, the building of a larger town wall began, which increased the town area six-fold – the same year as the building of the late gothic St. Oswald Church began. The building master of the new town wall was Hans Felder from Bavarian Swabia. The ground plan of the town wall is indicative of an ideal symmetric plan of

10530-548: The north. Immensee station is considered the starting point of the main line of the Gotthard railway, and official distances to all points south are measured from here. From Immensee, the line follows the Lake of Zug to Arth-Goldau station , at an altitude of 510 metres (1,670 ft). Here it joined by the Zug branch of the Gotthard railways, and there is a junction with the Südostbahn route to Rapperswil and Romanshorn . Connection

10647-776: The northern and southern sections of the Gotthard line. To the north, line S2 of the Zug Stadtbahn operates hourly between Zug , Arth-Goldau and Erstfeld , whilst line S3 of the S-Bahn Luzern operates hourly between Luzern , Arth-Goldau and Brunnen . To the south, the Gotthard line is served by trains on line S10 of the Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia (TILO), which operate every half-hour between Bellinzona , Lugano and Chiasso , with some trains extending northwards to Airolo and southwards to Milan . The same operator's lines S20 and S30 also operate over

10764-489: The population rose sharply, and the building boom skyrocketed. Canton Zug catapulted itself into being at the top of the financially strong cantons. And the town today has become, as the British Guardian once wrote, 'a compass of the global economy'. Zug is a low tax region and is headquarters for a number of multinational enterprises. The Expat City Ranking in 2019, based on a study of more than 20,000 respondents, rated

10881-489: The quality of life in Zug highest among all cities in the survey. The town's best-known agricultural product is Kirsch . On 27 September 2001, an angry, unstable gunman, Friedrich Leibacher , shot and killed 15 people including himself in the cantonal parliament of Zug. The event became known as the Zug Massacre . Zug has an area (as of the 2004 survey) of 21.63 km (8.35 sq mi). Of this area, about 33.1%

10998-428: The railway makes a connection with the steamer services on Lake Lucerne. Steamers operate a shorter, in distance, but longer, in time, service to the city of Lucerne , serving many other towns and villages along the lake shore. The Gotthard Panorama Express uses this interchange to provide its tourist oriented boat and rail service between Lucerne and Lugano . Erstfeld , at an altitude of 472 metres (1,549 ft),

11115-401: The respective station and their equipment, total usable length of the remaining tracks, the longest side track, station names and distances between them, distance to point of origin and between main stations. Departure and arrival times are displayed within the graphic timetable. Information can be drawn as to the tunnel's vertex which lies at 1154.5 meters above sea level and the fact that

11232-533: The right to pull up fishing nets and hence to the right to fish. Zug is renowned as a hub for some of the wealthiest individuals in the world and is known for its high concentration of wealth. The municipality had a total population of 30,934 in 31 December 2020. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. The oldest evidence of humans in

11349-498: The stations' track layout and the graphic timetable. Also visible on the graphic timetable is the fact that between Osogna and Biasca , trains however do pass each other along their journeys, it being a double-track line. Further, the Arth-Rigi-Bahn's trains (nowadays Rigi Railways ), are also listed in the Gotthard railways' timetable. The timetable's scale is 15mm/hour horizontally and 1.75mm/km vertically. To coordinate trains,

11466-469: The time, the 15,003-metre-long (49,222 ft) Gotthard Rail Tunnel was the world's longest rail tunnel (seconded by the Simplon Tunnel in 1906). Soon after construction, the army secured the line with fortresses (for instance, above Airolo, and at Biasca) and ways to block the tunnel in case of an invasion (among others, an artificial landslide to block the southern tunnel entrance). At the same time,

11583-474: The town and its subject territories, and the three outer ('free') municipalities, Ägeri , Menzingen (with Neuheim ) and Baar . This problematic dualism dominated until 1798, i.e. until the end of the old confederation, the political structure of the Canton Zug. The unifying element of this miniature confederation was, among others, the rural municipalities and the forty-member city council. In 1385, Zug joined

11700-459: The town is the parish church of St Oswald (late 15th century), dedicated to St Oswald , king of Northumbria (d. 642), one of whose arms was brought to Zug in 1485. The town hall, also a 15th-century building, now houses the Historical and Antiquarian Museum. There are some quaint old painted houses close by. A little way higher up the hillside is a Capuchin convent in a striking position, close to

11817-406: The town of Immensee , as clearly indicated on the graphic timetable. Electrical Telegraphs and signal bells are listed on the distance column's right and a detailed description thereof is to be found in the chapters The Gotthard railway Telegraph Network and The Gotthard railway Signal Bells . The track layout of each station shows that in 1899 the Gotthard railway ran on double-tracks from

11934-470: The town only. The Aeusser Amt, in 1404, then claimed that the banner and seal of Zug should be kept in one of the country districts and were supported in this claim by Schwyz. The matter was finally settled in 1412 by arbitration, and the banner was to be kept in the town. Finally in 1415, the right of electing their landammann was given to Zug by the Confederation, and a share in the criminal jurisdiction

12051-570: The town wall and leaning against it. Still higher, and outside the old town, is the fine new parish church of St Michael, consecrated in 1902. The business quarter is on the rising ground north of the old town, near the railway station. Several fine modern buildings rise on or close to the shore in the town and to its south, whilst to the southwest is a convent of Capuchin nuns, who manage a large girls' school and several other educational establishments. The Museum of Prehistory Zug houses an important collection of archaeological remains, especially from

12168-477: The tracks' general condition were to be reported to the track master. Tending to loose screws and cutting down shrubs were also part of the watchman's job description. Also putting out small shrub fires, caused by the heavily employed brakes of downhill running cargo trains, were part of his duty. The railway watchman was equipped with a red flag to be able to stop trains in an emergency. The Gotthard railway's watchmen lived in specially provided watchman houses along

12285-622: The transport of goods (particularly salt and iron) over the Hirzel hill towards Lucerne. On 27 June 1352, both the town of Zug and the Aeusser Amt entered the Swiss Confederation , the latter being received on exactly the same terms as the town, and not, as was usual in the case of outer districts, as a subject land. However, in September 1352 Zug had to acknowledge its own lords again, and in 1355

12402-517: The tunnel at Airolo , at an altitude of 1,142 metres (3,747 ft) in the valley of the river Ticino , which it follows as far as Bellinzona . Both north and south portals are within a few hundreds metres from those of the Gotthard Road Tunnel . After passing through Airolo station , the line crosses the Ticino and descends through its valley in the Leventina . Between Airolo and Biasca

12519-512: The tunnel does not run in a straight line but rather in a slope down from either side of its vertex. The tunnel was designed in such a way that inflowing water would be able to drain. From the railway station of Göschenen to the tunnel's vertex the train lines ascend at an angle of 6 ‰ and descend at 2 ‰ from vertex to the village of Airolo . The tunnel's length is indicated to be 14,998 meters, its vertex being at kilometre 80. The old Gotthard railways' distances were measured from

12636-407: The use of long ramped approaches on each side, together with seven spirals . Construction of the line started in 1872, with some lowland sections opening by 1875. The full line opened in 1882, following the completion of the Gotthard Tunnel. The line was incorporated into the Swiss Federal Railways in 1909 and electrified in 1922. The line has 36 tunnels totaling 31,216 meters. The approaches to

12753-588: The villages of Flüelen to Giubiasco . Facing north the picture on the right shows the watchman's house at the Mondascia bridge depicts the double-tracks and advance signal to the entry signal before Biasca (at 132.5 km), mentioned in the timetable. The next picture on the right shows the Pianotondo viaduct and the Pianotono-spiral tunnel's upper gate with its watchman's house, which came into use during

12870-444: Was 51.8% male and 48.2% female. In the 2007 federal election the FDP party received 85.9% of the vote. In Wassen about 53% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Wassen has an unemployment rate of 0.64%. As of 2005, there were 43 people employed in

12987-506: Was between 3800 and 2450 BC. For the same epoch, the first pre-alpine land use has been found in Menzingen and in the Ägeri valley. The well-known, historically researched lake-shore village ' Sumpf ' (the swamp), dated from the late Bronze Age (up until 850 BC). Evidence from these finds resulted in a quite different picture of life in former times, which is on display at the Zug Museum for Prehistory. In addition, finds from

13104-516: Was granted to the Aeusser Amt by German king Sigismund . The alliance of the four forest cantons of Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden and Lucerne with the city of Zürich in 1351 set much in motion. The town of Zug was seen as having Habsburg ties with the cities of Zürich and Lucerne, and therefore had to be conquered. It is likely that this was more for political than economic reasons: the Lucerne market

13221-673: Was held on 7 October 2018. Martin Würmli is Town Chronicler ( Stadtschreiber ) since 2014 and presides the Town Office ( Stadtkanzlei ). He has been elected by the collegiate. In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 25.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (22.5%), the FDP (19.5%) and the SP (17.2%). In the federal election, a total of 9,438 votes were cast, and

13338-416: Was important, as was the connection of mountain and valley with an electric tram at the beginning of the 20th century. In the second half of the century, dynamic expansion took place and Zug became a national and international financial and trading centre, aided by its proximity to Zürich, and by an attractive tax policy. In parallel, large industrial and commercial zones evolved; employment increased rapidly;

13455-634: Was obliged to break off its connection with the league. About 1364, the town and the Aeusser Amt were recovered for the league by the men of Schwyz , and from this time Zug took part as a full member in all the acts of the league. In 1379, the Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslaus exempted Zug from all external jurisdictions, and in 1389 the Habsburgs renounced their claims, reserving only an annual payment of 20 silver marks, which came to an end in 1415. In 1400 Wenceslaus gave all criminal jurisdiction to

13572-516: Was tapped out on this telegraph (sent by morse code ), was transmitted to all stations up to Bellinzona . A second telegraph linked all stations from Biasca to Göschenen . What was tapped out on the third telegraph, reached only the railway stations Bellinzona , Faido , Airolo , Göschenen , Wassen and Erstfeld . The fourth telegraph was for long distances. Messages transmitted from there reached Bellinzona , Airolo , Erstfeld , Goldau and Luzern . The telegraphs with their Morse keys and

13689-469: Was very important for central Switzerland, but also strongly dependent on the city of Zürich . Zürich initiated a siege on Zug with the federal army in June 1352. Zug surrendered. On 27 June 1352 Zürich, Luzern, Zug, Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden formed an alliance. Zürich's saw this 'Zugerbund' (Zug alliance) as an alliance of convenience. For the town of Zug, little changed, and Zug remained Habsburg. That same year,

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