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59-534: The park has 18,000 sq ft (1,700 m). The site of the park, on E. Broad Street and Cleveland Avenue, is adjacent to the city's First Congregational Church . The park is named for Washington Gladden , an early leader of the Social Gospel and Progressive movements, and minister of the First Congregational Church for 36 years. The park honors Gladden and other social justice leaders of

118-481: A Columbus Foundation fund overseen by community and church member trustees. The park also has a governing board, appointed by the church council, also made up of a mix of churchgoers and community members. The park's volunteer director is Tom Worley, and its superintendent is Mark Dahnke, who is also the church's building and grounds superintendent. The park's central structure is a 95-ft.-long concrete mural wall. The current mural installation, Social Justice Legends ,

177-662: A bridge known simply as the Broad Street bridge. It then passes through the city's Near East Side neighborhood, which has King-Lincoln Bronzeville immediately to the north and Olde Towne East and Franklin Park to the south. Broad Street then enters Bexley , a suburban city that is an enclave of Columbus. The road continues into a small area of Columbus again, an area that includes the Broadleigh neighborhood. It then passes into Whitehall , another enclave of Columbus. It resumes east into

236-580: A resolution to employ an engineer and appoint commissioners to survey and design the canal system as soon as possible. A sum not to exceed $ 6,000 was reserved for this purpose. James Geddes , an engineer who had worked on the New York canals, was hired. Since most of Ohio's population lived along a line from Cleveland to Cincinnati, the main trunk of the canal needed to serve these areas. But no single river followed this line — canals are more cheaply and easily built along river valleys — making it difficult to design

295-770: A series of Columbus neighborhoods. First is Hilltop , a large neighborhood in Columbus. It then passes through Franklinton . The road passes Franklinton and crosses the Scioto River on the Discovery Bridge , entering Downtown Columbus . Within Downtown, it first passes through the Civic Center followed by Capitol Square . It continues east through the Discovery District before exiting Downtown, crossing over Interstate 71 on

354-750: A suitable system. Specifically, the bridging of the Scioto and Miami river valleys required raising the canal to such an elevation that water from neither river could be used as a source. As a result, the canal was divided into two sections: the Ohio and Erie Canal, which connected Cleveland to Portsmouth via the Licking Divide and the Scioto River Valley, and the Miami and Erie Canal , which connected Cincinnati to Dayton . This second canal would ultimately be extended to

413-558: Is considered one of Columbus's two main roads, along with High Street . Broad Street was first laid out around 1797, when Franklinton was settled. In 1812, when Columbus was founded, a new section of the street was built in the new city. The street first connected to the rest of the settled country in 1831, when the Ohio and Erie Canal reached Columbus. In 1833, the National Road was extended to Columbus, utilizing all of West Broad Street. In

472-813: The Maumee River at Toledo . Copies of the original survey plat maps for the construction of both Ohio canals are available on-line from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. On February 4, 1825, the Ohio Legislature passed "An Act to provide for the Internal Improvement of the State of Ohio by Navigable Canals". The Canal Commission was authorized to borrow $ 400,000 during 1825, and not more than $ 600,000 per year thereafter. The notes issued were to be redeemable between 1850 and 1875. On July 4, 1825, ground

531-524: The Ohio River near Portsmouth . It also had connections to other canal systems in Pennsylvania . The canal carried freight traffic from 1827 to 1861, when the construction of railroads ended demand. From 1862 to 1913, the canal served as a water source for industries and towns. During 1913, much of the canal system was abandoned after important parts were flooded severely. Most of the surviving portions in

590-520: The Tuscarawas River and the hydraulics (flood control) at the Portage Lakes . The Ohio & Erie Canal and its feeder reservoirs are maintained from Akron by a staff of three O.D.N.R. Ohio State Parks, Canal Hydraulic Operators. Like its sister canal, the Ohio & Erie Canal carries a large amount of stormwater. The canals were not designed to accommodate this great influx of stormwater. Most of

649-730: The Washington Gladden Social Justice Park , and Franklin Park . Buildings on Broad Street can have one of several types of official landmark designations: Below is a list of historic sites on Broad Street, from west to east. Historic districts are not included in this table, but are mentioned in § Historic districts . Buildings within historic districts, but no individual landmark designation, are not included in this table. There are numerous historic districts through which Broad Street passes. Buildings in these districts with individual landmark designations are described in § Individual landmarks . From west to east,

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708-478: The 1797 founding of Franklinton . The first section of the road was constructed then, on the west bank of the Scioto River. Franklinton, then an independent settlement, had applied to be Ohio's capital. The settlement's founders were persuasive, though its flood problem led Ohio officials to choose the eastern bank of the river, on higher ground. Several streets were then laid out from the city's founding in 1812 into

767-596: The Akron-Cleveland area are managed by the National Park Service or Ohio Department of Natural Resources . They are used for various recreational purposes by the public, and still provide water for some industries. Parts of the canal are preserved, including the Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District , a National Historic Landmark . Portions further south are less well preserved, and a discontiguous set of locks and other canal resources roughly between Columbus and

826-468: The Columbus-founded Society of American Indians , American Federation of Labor , and United Mine Workers of America . The people depicted on the central mural included: The park also features a sculpture titled Our Single Garment of Destiny , designed by Adriana and Julian Voss-Andreae . The work was inspired by King's " Letter from Birmingham Jail "; the sculpture's name is borrowed from

885-624: The Hudson River was a project of "national concern". President Madison was against the proposal, however, and the War of 1812 ended official discussion. On December 11, 1816, Clinton, by then the Governor of New York , sent a letter to the Ohio Legislature indicating his state's willingness to construct the Erie Canal without national help, and asking the State of Ohio to join the endeavor. On January 9, 1817,

944-832: The Ohio & Erie Canal from the Brecksville Dam to Rockside Road in Cuyahoga County was transferred to the National Park Service during 1989 as part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreational Area (now known as the Cuyahoga Valley National Park ). A lease on the canal lands from the Cuyahoga Valley National Park to the terminus of the canal has been executed with the Cleveland Metroparks . The Metroparks manage

1003-586: The Ohio & Erie Canal is located in Summit County, Ohio . The Ohio & Erie Canal is maintained, to this day, as a water supply for local industries. After the flood, a few sections of the canal continued in use hauling cargo to local industries. Another watered section extends from the Station Road Bridge in Brecksville northwards into Valley View and Independence, all Cleveland suburbs. The section of

1062-515: The Ohio Legislature directed Ohio's Governor (and former Senator) Thomas Worthington to negotiate a deal with Clinton. Due to the cost, however, the Ohio Legislature dallied, and nothing happened for three years. Finally, in January 1822, the Ohio Legislature passed acts to fund the canal system (and the state's public education obligations). On January 31, 1822, the Ohio General Assembly passed

1121-548: The Ohio River are listed on the National Register as the Ohio and Erie Canal Southern Descent Historic District . Ohio, which achieved statehood during 1803, remained a sparsely populated region of 50,000 people who were scattered throughout the state and who had no means of transporting goods economically out of the state. Without easy access to distant markets, agriculture served only local needs and large-scale manufacturing

1180-457: The adjacent real estate and the surrounding Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation. The section of the Ohio & Erie Canal still owned and maintained by the Division of Parks in southern Summit is referred to as the watered section. This section runs from downtown Akron, through Summit Lake south to Barberton , a distance of about 12 miles (19 km). Included in this section is the feeder canal from

1239-711: The authority was created, the same route was operated by private transit companies with bus lines, and before that, streetcars and horsecars . Beside the historic landmarks listed below, the street has numerous cultural landmarks and attractions. These include the National Veterans Memorial and Museum , COSI , the Scioto Mile park system, the Discovery Bridge , Columbus City Hall , the Rhodes State Office Tower , Franklin County Memorial Hall ,

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1298-446: The canal was appealing and attracted many farmers from their land. On July 3, 1827, the first canal boat on the Ohio and Erie Canal left Akron , traveled through 41 locks and over 3 aqueducts along 37 miles (60 km) of canal, to arrive at Cleveland on July 4. While the average speed of 3 mph (5 km/h) may seem slow, canal boats could carry 10 tons of goods and were much more efficient than wagons over rutted trails. During

1357-400: The canals during 1879, it discovered that they had not been maintained well, and that state lands surrounding the canals had been sold illegally to private owners. In many cases, canals were filled in for "health reasons", with a newly laid railroad track on their right of way. Much state land was given away for free to politically savvy private owners. Nevertheless, some revenue was accrued into

1416-406: The city created a tree-lined median, painted bike lanes, two-way turn lanes, and grassy rainwater basins around a stretch of Broad Street just west of downtown. The work was intended to safely bridge two of the city's riverfront-area museums: COSI and the National Veterans Memorial and Museum . In 2019, the city announced it will continue the process through the extent of Franklinton, though without

1475-758: The city. It is considered the first social justice park in the country. Other parks with similar themes include the Women's Rights National Historical Park in Seneca Falls, New York, the Civil Rights National Monument and Park in Birmingham, Alabama, and the Voting Rights National Monument and Park in Selma, Alabama. The park land is owned by the First Congregational Church, though it is funded by

1534-420: The country. This was first remedied in 1831 with the opening of the Ohio and Erie Canal 's Columbus Feeder Canal. In 1833, another connection began to benefit the city. The National Road , a project begun in 1806, reached the city in 1833; it utilized all of West Broad Street up to High Street, where it continued south and east. Early in Columbus's history, around the mid-1800s, East Broad Street became one of

1593-478: The disposition of the canal lands is available on-line from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. The Ohio and Erie Canal initially provided a connection between Akron and Lake Erie at Cleveland , then extending all the way to the Ohio River within a few years. Later, connecting canal systems were built connecting it with the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal and other parts of Eastern Ohio. Download coordinates as: An all-purpose bicycle/pedestrian trail

1652-609: The districts are: In addition, the Columbus Civic Center Historic District was deemed eligible for the National Register, though it was never added to the register. Ohio and Erie Canal The Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed during the 1820s and early 1830s in Ohio . It connected Akron with the Cuyahoga River near its outlet on Lake Erie in Cleveland , and a few years later, with

1711-515: The early twentieth century from the sale of water rights as well as recovery and sale of land surrounding the canals. After the maximum of the 1850s and a cessation of revenue due to the Civil War during the early 1860s, the canal's expenditures started to outgrow its revenues due to increasing maintenance costs. By 1911, most of the southern portion of the canal had been abandoned. The Great Flood of 1913 dumped an abnormally heavy amount of rain on

1770-435: The easternmost portions of the city, where it then enters Pataskala , a small city, as well as Licking County . Broad Street terminates at the east end of the city, continuing on as Ohio Route 16 into Granville . Broad Street has been one of Columbus's two main corridors since its founding, along with High Street , meeting at a 100 percent corner downtown. The street has its origin before High Street and Columbus, with

1829-468: The following tasks: Grubbing and clearing, Mucking and ditching, Embankment and excavation, Locks and culverts, Puddling, and Protection. Initially, contractors in general proved to be inexperienced and unreliable. It was common for one job to receive 50 bids, many of them local to where the work was being performed. The chosen contractor, having underbid the contract, often would abscond leaving his labor force unpaid and his contract unfulfilled. This problem

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1888-402: The following year, including Broad and High. These streets and the entire grid were laid out 12 degrees off from a north–south and east–west alignment. Broad Street's construction involved clearing dense forest, and tree stumps left behind caused horse-drawn carriages to maneuver around them, helping lead to the wide roadway. In the city's early years, it was isolated from the rest of Ohio and

1947-548: The intersection of Broad and High, with numbers increasing in magnitude with distance from Broad or High, as well as cardinal directions used alongside street names. The street is named for its broad width; it was originally laid out to be 120 ft (37 m) wide. High Street was 100 feet wide, while most others were 82.5 feet, and alleys were 33 feet wide. Broad St. is among the widest streets in Columbus, with significant portions four to six lanes wide, often with additional parking or bike lanes. The city has discussed narrowing

2006-497: The job Garfield became ill and decided to go to college instead. The Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District, a 24.5-acre (9.9 ha) historic district including part of the canal, was declared a National Historic Landmark during 1966. It is a four-mile (6 km) section within the village of Valley View comprising three locks, the Tinkers Creek Aqueduct , and two other structures. A remaining watered section of

2065-521: The mid-to-late 19th century, East Broad Street became a fashionable place for wealthy homeowners, and large mansions were built along the tree-lined street. Large hotels and apartments followed into the early 1900s. The street has seen numerous changes since then, including clearing and widening. Portions of the street were improved with trees, bike lanes, and rainwater basins in Franklinton, with additional streetscape improvements planned for other sections of

2124-574: The most fashionable places to live, from downtown past Franklin Park. This carried into the early 1900s, when grand hotels and apartment buildings like the Royal York and Brunson Place were built. One early house from 1838, the Alfred Kelley mansion , was torn down and replaced with the Christopher Inn around 1961, itself torn down in 1988. Beginning in 1857, a large portion of the downtown stretch

2183-451: The next five years, more and more portions of the canal opened, with it finally being completed during 1832: During 1832, the Ohio and Erie Canal was completed. The entire canal system was 308 miles (496 km) long with 146 lift locks and a rise of 1,206 feet (368 m). In addition, there were five feeder canals that added 24.8 miles (39.9 km) and 6 additional locks to the system consisting of: The canal's lock numbering system

2242-538: The plan to not be carried forward. Starting around the 1980s, the remaining mansions on East Broad Street began to be repaired and restored to their original integrity. In 1992, with the AmeriFlora '92 exposition approaching, the city again considered reworking Broad Street, including transit options or a parkway with medians. Again in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with a declining downtown population, Mayor Michael B. Coleman commissioned $ 10 million in studies. Coleman

2301-435: The planted medians. Broad Street and High Street both traverse beyond the extent of the city; High Street is the longest in Columbus, running 13.5 mi (21.7 km) (23.4 across the county), while Broad Street is longer across the county, at 25.1 mi (40.4 km). The city's street plan follows a grid pattern with the intersection of Broad and High Streets at its center. The address system begins its numbering at

2360-480: The road for pedestrian safety for decades. The street has a reputation as dangerous to cross without a walk sign, especially portions of West Broad that have large stretches without stoplights where cars speed by. U.S. Routes 40 and 62 utilize Broad Street around downtown Columbus. For public transportation, the Central Ohio Transit Authority 's Route 10 runs down most of Broad Street. Before

2419-405: The road's trees, suffering injuries or deaths. Thus in 1932, after a public vote, the trees were cut down, the medians removed, and the street was widened by two lanes. Around the 1970s, Columbus mayor Tom Moody commissioned Vincent Ponte to redesign downtown Broad Street. Ponte proposed a similar parkway to what was built in the 1850s, but a lack of funding and concerns of impeding traffic caused

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2478-597: The siltation and erosion problems experienced presently are the result of stormwater inappropriately piped into the canals over the years. During late 1996, the canal from Zoar to Cleveland was designated a National Heritage Corridor . This designation was brought about through the efforts of many communities, civic organizations, businesses and individuals working in partnership. Another section still watered, approximately one mile in length, runs along Canal Road in Pickaway County southwest of Circleville. A map showing

2537-696: The space. The park was built from March to October 2018 at a cost of $ 3.7 million, begun by a 2016 donation by Nancy Jeffrey. Her ancestors, founders of the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company , worked with Gladden on social issues. The park was dedicated on October 28, 2018. Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio) Broad Street is a major thoroughfare in Central Ohio , predominantly in Franklin County and Columbus . It stretches east from West Jefferson at Little Darby Creek to Pataskala . The street

2596-402: The state, causing extensive flooding. This caused the reservoirs to spill over into the canals, destroying aqueducts, washing out banks, and devastating most of the locks. In Akron, Lock 1 was dynamited to allow backed up floodwater to flow. As a teenager during 1847, James Garfield worked as a "hoggee", driving mules to pull barges along the canal. After repeatedly falling into the canal on

2655-661: The street. Broad Street extends east and west far into Ohio, though it is named Broad Street starting at the eastern end of West Jefferson, Ohio (in Madison County ). Continuing east, the road quickly enters Franklin County and passes by Lake Darby in Prairie Township . At about this point it passes into a portion of Columbus's municipal boundaries, though passes out to New Rome and Lincoln Village , both settlements that are part of Prairie Township. From there it passes through

2714-492: The water treatment plant. 82° 52' 21"W 83°01'52.9896"W Travels through Cuyahoga , Summit , Stark , Licking , Franklin , Fairfield , Pickaway , and Scioto counties. ^   A:  In 2007-2008-? Tinkers Creek Aqueduct is undergoing renovation following flood damage from Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River) and Cuyahoga River ^   B:  Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail miles are measured from its original connection with Lake Erie at Lock 44, on

2773-429: The way to a hillside parallel, perhaps hundreds of feet away, rather than build two embankments. By damming the rivers, long stretches of slackwater could be created which, with the addition of towpaths, could serve as portions of the canal. Where it made economic sense to do so, such as lock widths or portions of the canal through narrow rock or across aqueducts, the minimum widths were adhered to. Contracts were let for

2832-428: The work as well. The three-ton sculpture depicts several people standing closely together, along with a rescued animal. It was designed with thin steel sheets to appear solid from the sides, but barely visible from the front, representing people with great challenges who appear invisible to society, as well as "individual people becoming a coherent whole". The work was designed with Portland, Oregon activists as models, and

2891-634: Was appointed to manage the Erie Canal Commission. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to get national aid for the construction of a canal connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River , so he enlisted the aid of state legislators and Ohio's congressional delegation. On January 15, 1812, the Ohio General Assembly passed a resolution expressing its opinion that the connection of the Great Lakes with

2950-408: Was broken for the canal at Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio . The canals were specified to have a minimum width of 40 feet (12 m) at the top, 26 feet (8 m) at the bottom, and a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m) feet minimum. These limits were often exceeded, and indeed it was cheaper to do so in most cases. For example, it might be cheaper to build one embankment and then let the water fill all

3009-556: Was completed in May 2022 and is on display through 2023. It contains the names of about 160 social justice leaders along with 50 terms or slogans relating to social justice issues. The first installation, the Columbus Social Justice Pioneers Exhibit, was displayed from the park's opening in 2018 until May 2022. It depicted seven local social justice leaders from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It also highlighted

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3068-752: Was constructed by Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Southern Cuyahoga County and Northern Summit County, Cleveland Metroparks in Northern Cuyahoga County, and Akron/ Summit County Metroparks in Southern Summit County to roughly follow the original Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath route. (The northernmost section in Cuyahoga County is still undergoing construction.) There are many connecting trails going to other points of interest throughout their park systems. -82° 37' 26.3994" Behind

3127-480: Was converted into a lush boulevard with tree-lined medians. Local businessman William Deshler designed the streetscape after he saw tree-lined boulevards in Paris. The road was still made up of dirt and not significantly changed until 1873, when gravel and broken rock was added. In the early 1930s, with increasing automobile traffic, the streetscape was viewed as an obstacle or danger. Careless drivers would commonly crash into

3186-554: Was dedicated in a virtual ceremony (due to COVID-19 ) on Martin Luther King Jr. Day in 2021. The site of the park has been a used car dealership, and in 2010, as a parking lot for the nearby First Congregational Church. In 2018, the church led the creation of the Washington Gladden Social Justice Park. The park land was already owned by the church, which entered into a public-private partnership to create

3245-503: Was nearly non-existent. As early as 1787, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson had discussed the desirability of a canal linking Lake Erie to the Ohio River as part of a national system of canals. It wasn't until 1807 that Ohio's first Senator, Thomas Worthington offered a resolution in Congress asking Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin to report to the Senate. In 1810, DeWitt Clinton

3304-505: Was oriented from the Lower Basin, near the southwest corner of the current Exchange and Main streets in Akron. North of the basin is Lock 1 North, and south of the basin is Lock 1 South. At this basin was the joining of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal . The canals enjoyed a period of prosperity from the 1830s to the early 1860s, with maximum revenue between 1852 and 1855. During the 1840s, Ohio

3363-442: Was so bad that many laborers refused to perform canal work for fear of not being paid. As the bidding process was improved, and more reliable contractors engaged, the situation improved. Workers were initially paid $ 0.30 per day and offered a jigger of whiskey. As work progressed, and where labor was in shortage, workers could make as much as $ 15 per month. At that time, cash money was scarce in Ohio forcing much bartering. Working on

3422-437: Was the first mayor in years to promote walkable urban living, and the plan and its timetable continued, though continually pushed back and overlooked during the 2007-2009 Great Recession . The city's 2010 strategic plan again pushed for a walkable, narrowed Broad Street, among many other projects. With the redevelopment of Franklinton in the 2000s into the present day, some of the first streetscape improvements took place. In 2017,

3481-416: Was the third most prosperous state, owing much of that growth to the canal. Immediately after the Civil War , it became apparent that railroads would take the canal's business. From 1861 until 1879, after the canal had been badly flooded, Ohio leased its canals to private owners who earned revenue from dwindling boat operation and the sale of water to factories and towns. When the state resumed ownership of

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