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46-475: The first brewery was built in 1857 by George Juenemann in partnership with Owen Humphrey to support a German-style biergarten . It was known as Humphrey and Juenemann's Pleasure Garden when its opening was announced in the Evening Star on June 30, 1857. This was to be opened daily to visitors on Monday afternoons with balls where English Quadrilles and German Waltzes would take place. The place catered to

92-721: A Washington DC brewery and early example of an American beer garden. The facility was also known as Juenemann's Brewery. George Juenemann, with his wife Barbara, immigrated to the United States in 1851 and eventually settled in Washington, D.C. Juenemann opened Humphrey and Juenemann's Pleasure Garden , also known as Juenemann's Brewery, with Owen Humphreys in June 1857. The brewery and beer garden sat on 4th and 5th Streets Northeast between E and F Streets Northeast in Washington City. George

138-480: A child; it was donated by Daniel Willis James and sculpted by Adolf Donndorf . In Washington DC "the" Temperance Fountain was donated to the city in 1882 by Temperance crusader Henry D. Cogswell . This fountain was one of a series of fountains he designed and commissioned in a belief that easy access to cool drinking water would keep people from consuming alcohol. Under its stone canopy the words "Faith," "Hope," "Charity," and "Temperance" are chiseled. Atop this canopy

184-567: A community with no alcoholic beverages permitted. In its second year of operation the institution enrolled 345 students from 20 states. However, it closed in 1908. Sickening and ill-tasting drinking water encouraged many Americans to drink alcohol for health purposes, so temperance groups constructed public drinking fountains throughout the United States following the Civil War. The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union (NWCTU)'s organizing convention of 1874 strongly encouraged its attendees to erect

230-621: A genre of theatre, fostered by the advent of the railroad as a form of transportation. This enabled theatre companies to be much more mobile, traveling from city to city. Temperance drama would even reach as far as the West Coast, as David Belasco's adaptation of Émile Zola 's novel Drink premiered at the Baldwin Theatre in San Francisco in 1879. Maine was an early hotbed of the temperance movement. The world's first Total Abstinence Society

276-557: A new non-alcoholic drink for a prize of $ 100 in gold. The contest was announced on April 23 in an advertisement in the Evening Star by Harry Williams, General Manager of the brewery. The requirement was that the name be short, catchy, appropriate, and easily remembered. The closure of the submissions was set to May 3. On October 19, 1909, an advertisement in the Washington Times revealed the new name: Noalco . This product responded to

322-479: A revolver. They left with nothing, but a nearby business was robbed soon after that day, probably by the same burglars. In 1889, Albert Carry attempted to sell his brewery but soon retracted his offer. According to an Equity Court filing from June 8, 1889, Joseph B. Hughes sued Albert Carry for refusing to carry out a contract between him and Mr. Carry. Mr. Carry said that Mr. Hughes only had an option and that he could not sell to an English Subject who could not acquire

368-626: A title. On August 12, 1889, the New York Brewery Company purchased the brewery for $ 400,000. The brewery was sold to the Washington Brewery Company According to Albert Carry, all the purchasers were American. He retained two-thirds of the stocks and would carry on the business for the company, and two new buildings would be erected: one for brewing and another for storage. This allowed an increase in production from 50,000 barrels to 100,000 barrels. By September 3, 1889,

414-601: Is a life-sized heron , and the centerpiece is a pair of entwined heraldic scaly dolphins . Originally, visitors were supposed to freely drink ice water flowing from the dolphins' snouts with a brass cup attached to the fountain and the overflow was collected by a trough for horses , but the city tired of having to replenish the ice in a reservoir underneath the base and disconnected the supply pipes. Other Cogswell fountains include one still standing in New York City's Tompkins Square Park. Simon Benson , an Oregon lumberman,

460-620: The Anti-Saloon League (ASL) in 1893. Under the leadership of Wayne Wheeler the ASL stressed political results and perfected the art of pressure politics . It did not demand that politicians change their drinking habits, only their votes in the legislature. Other organizations like the Prohibition Party and the WCTU soon lost influence to the better-organized and more focused ASL. The ASL's motto

506-625: The Charleston Theatre in Charleston, South Carolina. The next significant temperance drama to debut was titled Fifteen Years of a Drunkard's Life , written by Douglas Jerrold in 1841. As the movement began to grow and prosper, these dramas became more popular among the general public. The Drunkard by W.H. Smith premiered in 1841 in Boston, running for 144 performances before being produced at Barnum's American Museum on lower Broadway . The play

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552-474: The Temperance movement calling for non-alcoholic beverages. The drink was dispensed at soda fountains and was said to "quench your thirst and relieve your fatigue" . It was also available in a case of 24 large bottles for delivery for $ 2, and in grocery and drug stores, individual bottles cost 5 cents and 10 cents. It was made of brewed malt and hops , yet was non-alcoholic. From November 8 to November 20, 1909,

598-688: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union and International Organization of Good Templars continue their work today, while new "temperance enterprises found support in a variety of institutional venues" such as the Marin Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems and Center for Science in the Public Interest . These temperance organizations focus their efforts on "promoting increased taxation, reducing alcohol advertising , and monitoring of

644-470: The 1850s, 13 states and territories passed statewide prohibitory laws (known as "Maine Laws"). Throughout this period, temperance reformers also tended to support Sunday laws that restricted the sale of alcohol on Sundays. The American Civil War dealt the movement a crippling blow. Temperance groups in the South were then weaker than their Northern counterparts and did not pass any statewide prohibition laws, and

690-477: The 1870s when Christian Heurich Brewing Company claimed the title. This article about an American businessperson born in the 1820s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Temperance movement in the United States In the United States, the temperance movement , which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol , had a large influence on American politics and American society in

736-637: The English American clientele and the recent German immigrants. Weber's Band provided the music, and Lager was available to purchase. It was believed to be the oldest brewery in Washington, DC. In 1863 Juenemann bought out Humphrey's share of the business. It became Mount Vernon Lager Beer Brewery and Pleasure Garden or Juenemann's Brewery and was a local gathering place. Various events took place there, including picnics with dances (known as " Swampoodle Walks"), which could lead to both fights and frolics. It

782-652: The Human Body and Mind , which judged the excessive use of alcohol injurious to physical and psychological health. Influenced by Rush's Inquiry , about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community formed a temperance association in 1789 to ban the making of whiskey. Similar associations were formed in Virginia in 1800, and New York State in 1808. Over the next decade, other temperance organizations were formed in eight states, some being statewide organizations. The young movement allowed for temperate or moderate drinking. Many leaders of

828-682: The Munsey Trust Company. Rumors were that Mr. Myers would set up an Apiary . The brewery was demolished in September 1924 to be replaced by a public school. Today, the Stuart-Hobson Middle School , located at 410 E Street NE, stands on the grounds previously occupied by the Washington Brewery Company. George Juenemann George Juenemann (1823–1884) co-owned and operated Humphrey and Juenemann's Pleasure Garden,

874-579: The National Food Show and Industrial Exposition opened in Convention Hall off of K Street NW. According to articles in the press, their samples were given out to visitors and very well received. Like many others, the Washington Brewery Company died with the Volstead Act of 1919, which established Prohibition in the United States . The lot was purchased on May 10, 1924, by Charles E. Myers through

920-666: The New York company was a front for an English Investment. Albert Carry defended himself by running an advertisement in The Evening Star starting September 12, 1889: " To my friends, patrons and the public in general: Notwithstanding the reports industriously circulated by some of my competitors, I have not sold my brewery to an English syndicate. The sale was made to a New York company in which I remain largely interested. I am ready at any moment to produce legal documentary evidence in support of this statement. " By November 1889, Albert Carry

966-478: The United States and its possessions." However, Prohibition did not outlaw the private possession or consumption of alcohol products. Harvard Medical School professors Jack Harold Mendelson and Nancy K Mello write, with regard to temperance sentiment in contemporary America, that "rallying cries once structured in terms of social order, home and basic decency are now framed in terms of health promotion and disease prevention." Original temperance organizations such as

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1012-477: The WCTU established a Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction in Schools and Colleges, with Mary Hunt as National Superintendent. The WCTU was an influential organization with a membership of 120,000 by 1879. Frances Willard led the group under the motto "Do Everything" to protect women and children. Some of the changes the WCTU sought included property and custody rights for women, women's suffrage, raising

1058-487: The age of consensual sex, peace arbitration, women's education, and advocacy for working rights of women. Because of the correlation between drinking and domestic violence—many drunken husbands abused family members—the temperance movement existed alongside various women's rights and other movements, including the Progressive movement, and often the same activists were involved in multiple movements. Many notable voices of

1104-537: The beverage industry", as well as the supporting of Sunday blue laws , which prohibit the sale of alcohol on Sundays. Temperance organizations of the United States played an essential role in bringing about ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution establishing national prohibition of alcohol . Some temperance organizations in the United States include: There

1150-616: The corner of "3rd and Burnside". The defeat of Mormon polygamy in 1890 left only one of the great moral causes of the 19th century unaddressed. The last wave of temperance in the United States saw the rise of the Anti-Saloon League (ASL), which successfully pushed for National Prohibition from its enactment in 1920 to its repeal in 1933. This heavily prohibitionist wave attracted a diverse coalition: doctors, pastors, and eugenicists; Klansmen and liberal internationalists; business leaders and labor radicals; conservative evangelicals and liberal theologians. Rev. Howard Hyde Russell founded

1196-519: The crack of dawn to the crack of dawn" began ingesting far more alcohol as they drank more of strong, cheap beverages like rum (in the colonial period) and whiskey (in the post-Revolutionary period). Popular pressure for cheap and plentiful alcohol led to relaxed ordinances on alcohol sales. The temperance movement was born with Benjamin Rush 's 1784 tract, An Inquiry Into the Effects of Ardent Spirits Upon

1242-476: The few prohibition laws in the North were repealed by the war's end. Both sides in the war made alcohol sales a part of the war effort by taxing brewers and distillers to finance much of the conflict. The issue of slavery crowded out temperance and temperance groups petered out until they found new life in the 1870s. Temperance birthed an entire genre of theatre. In 1825, a dramatic poem called The Forgers premiered at

1288-479: The fountains in the places that they had come from. The NWCTU advocated public temperance fountains as a means to discourage males from entering drinking establishment for refreshment. Cast-stone statues of Hebe were marketed for use in temperance fountains. In Union Square Park (New York City) the James Fountain (1881), is a Temperance fountain with the figure of Charity who empties her jug of water, aided by

1334-480: The largest temperance organizations after the 1830s, and temperance eventually became synonymous with prohibition. In 1838, temperance activists pushed the Massachusetts legislature to pass a law restricting the sale of alcohol in quantities less than fifteen gallons. In the 1840s, numerous states passed laws allowing local voters to determine whether or not liquor licences would be issued in their towns or counties. In

1380-527: The light and dark beers of the brewery. Concerts were also given to patrons. In 1904, the English Corporation was restructured while keeping the same name. This led to eight stockholders' lawsuits in December 1906, which argued that the restructuring was not completed with their consent. They requested to become creditors of the new corporation. On April 23, 1909, the company launched a competition to name

1426-469: The movement expanded their activities and took positions on observance of the Sabbath and other moral issues, and by the early 1820s political in-fighting had stalled the movement. Some leaders persevered in pressing their cause forward. Americans such as Lyman Beecher , who was a Connecticut minister, had started to lecture his fellow citizens against all use of liquor in 1825. The American Temperance Society

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1472-441: The name in 1887 and 1888. In 1889, Carry had some of his beer analyzed by Professor Fristoe of Columbian University , where the brewery is still listed as Mount Vernon Brewery though it appears it was also known as Carry's Brewery. On February 10, 1888, the brewery was the victim of an unsuccessful burglary attempt early in the morning. The individuals were surprised as they woke up a resident, Joseph M. Frank, who opened fire with

1518-592: The nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol , through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, various factors contributed to an epidemic of alcoholism that went hand-in-hand with spousal abuse, family neglect, and chronic unemployment. Americans who used to drink lightly alcoholic beverages, like cider "from

1564-415: The prohibitionist Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU, f. 1874) and the voluntarist Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America (CTAU, f. 1872). Prohibitionist temperance grew popular in the South as it embraced the "Southern" values of racial hierarchy , gender roles , and honor. The national movement enlisted more religious support throughout the country, especially from evangelicals . In 1873,

1610-554: The reform movement, which threatened to ruin their livelihoods, and also feared women having the vote, because they expected women to vote for prohibition. Energized by the anti-German sentiment during World War I, the ASL achieved its main goal of passage on December 18, 1917—the 18th Amendment . Upon ratification by three-fourths of the state legislatures by January 16, 1919, established National Prohibition. The Amendment took effect on January 16, 1920. Prohibition banned "the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in

1656-412: The time, ranging from Lucy Webb Hayes to Susan B. Anthony , were active in temperance. In Canada , Nellie McClung was a longstanding advocate of temperance. As with most social movements, there was a gamut of activists running from violent ( Carrie Nation ) to mild ( Neal S. Dow ). The American Temperance University opened in 1893 in the planned town of Harriman, Tennessee , which was developed as

1702-696: Was "the Church in action against the saloon," and it mobilized its religious coalition to pass state (and local) legislation (establishing dry states and dry counties ). By the late nineteenth century, most Protestant denominations and the American wing of the Catholic Church supported the movement to legally restrict the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages. These groups believed that alcohol consumption led to corruption , prostitution , spousal abuse , and other criminal activities. Brewers and distillers resisted

1748-471: Was a tee-totaler who wanted to discourage his workers from drinking alcohol in the middle of the day. In 1912, Benson gave the City of Portland USD$ 10,000 for the installation of twenty bronze drinking fountains. As of May 2012, these fountains, known as "Benson Bubblers" , continue to be used as functional public drinking devices in downtown Portland; two Portland "Benson Bubbler" locations are Eastbank Esplanade and

1794-589: Was born in 1823 in Bischhagen, Thuringia, Germany to Joannes Josef Juenemann from Heuthen, Thuringia, Germany and Catharina Staender from Dingelstaedt, Thuringia, Germany. Juenemann purchased Humphreys share of the business five years later and renamed the facility Mount Vernon Lager Beer Brewery and Pleasure Garden. The brewery was the largest in the District of Columbia during the Civil War , but dropped to second largest by

1840-520: Was formed in Portland in 1815, and a statewide temperance group formed in 1834. These groups won a major victory in 1838 when they pressured the state legislature to pass the Fifteen Gallon Law , which prohibited the sale of spirits in quantities of less than that amount. Its practical effect was to make hard liquor available to the wealthy, who were the only ones who could afford such quantities. It

1886-624: Was formed in 1826 and benefited from a renewed interest in religion and morality. Within 12 years it claimed more than 8,000 local groups and over 1,250,000 members. By 1839, 18 temperance journals were being published. Simultaneously, some Protestant and Catholic church leaders were beginning to promote temperance. The movement split along two lines in the late 1830s: between moderates allowing some drinking and radicals demanding total abstinence, and between voluntarists relying on moral suasion alone and prohibitionists promoting laws to restrict or ban alcohol. Radicals and prohibitionists dominated many of

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1932-433: Was later also known as Juenemann's Park . Following George Jueneman's death in 1884, the property was purchased from widow Barbara, by Albert Carry of Cincinnati on October 14, 1886. The price was $ 95,000, a considerable amount for the time. He brought the brewery to a higher production level with modern equipment, including a large copper kettle in its center. He operated this brewery initially with no apparent change to

1978-481: Was often considerable overlap in membership in these organizations, as well as in leadership. Prominent temperance leaders in the United States included Bishop James Cannon, Jr. , James Black , Ernest Cherrington , Neal S. Dow , Mary Hunt , William E. Johnson (known as "Pussyfoot" Johnson), Carrie Nation , Howard Hyde Russell , John St. John , Billy Sunday , Father Mathew , Andrew Volstead and Wayne Wheeler . There were also commercial establishments, such as

2024-551: Was ready to move on as he was purchasing land in southeast Washington, D.C., to build his next project: National Capital Brewing Company The property title was finally passed on to the British investors in 1892 for $ 400,000. The large enclosed garden — renamed The Alhambra in 1898 in reference to the Alhambra in Spain — was located next to the bar and offered tasty seafood to be consumed with

2070-535: Was repealed within two years. However, in 1851 the so-called Maine law passed, which banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Thus Maine became the first "dry" state. However, the law's exception for "medicinal, mechanical and manufacturing purposes" meant that liquor was still available for some. As Reconstruction came to a close in the 1870s, many white reformers grew uninterested in racial equality and invested more energy into temperance. This period produced various temperance organizations including

2116-449: Was wildly popular and is often credited with the entrance of the temperance narrative into mainstream American theatre. It continued to be a staple of New York's theatre scene all the way until 1875. The Drunkard follows the typical format of a temperance drama: the main character has an alcohol-induced downfall, and he restores his life from disarray once he denounces drinking for good at the play's end. Temperance drama continued to grow as

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