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26-773: To defend the Polish capital Warsaw in the face of breakthrough by the German forces. On 3 September 1939 the Minister of the Army ( Min. Spraw Wojskowych ), general Tadeusz Kasprzycki , ordered general Walerian Czuma (the Commander of the Border Guards - Straż Graniczna ) to organize a force to defend the city of Warsaw against a German attack. The city had been under constant attack by the Luftwaffe since

52-547: A Major General rank is usually held by someone that is a Regional Military Command General Officer Commanding (Regional Commander or တိုင်းမှူး) or a Director such as Director of Defence Service Intelligence ( Khin Nyunt for example) In the New Zealand Army , major-general is the rank held by the chief of army (formerly the chief of general staff). The more senior rank of lieutenant-general is reserved for when an army officer holds

78-769: A crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by St. Edward's Crown. In the Canadian Army, the rank insignia is a wide braid on the cuff, as well as two gold maple leaves beneath a crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by St. Edward's Crown. It is worn on the shoulder straps of the service dress tunic, and on slip-ons on other uniforms. On the visor of the service cap are two rows of gold oak leaves. Major-generals are initially addressed as 'general' and name, as are all general officers; thereafter by subordinates as 'sir' or 'ma'am' as applicable in English ( French : mon général ). Major-generals are normally entitled to staff cars . In Myanmar,

104-466: A road along the ridge of Gubałówka was built. Furthermore, he was a member of the Association of Development of Eastern Provinces. In the spring of 1939, Kasprzycki's wife Maria née Strychalska committed suicide, and his son, who at that time was a high school student, broke all relations with the father. The probable cause of these events was Kasprzycki's affair with actress Zofia Kajzerówna . During

130-447: Is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general . In English-speaking countries , when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades ). It is a rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general . In

156-783: Is used by the Royal Brunei Land Force and the Royal Brunei Air Force . The rank is held by the Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces . In the Canadian Armed Forces , the rank of major-general (MGen) ( French : major-général ) is both a Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force rank equivalent to the Royal Canadian Navy 's rank of rear-admiral . A major-general is a general officer ,

182-667: The Battle of Bzura after 18 September. Elements of Łódź Army arrived on 13 September. Tadeusz Kasprzycki Tadeusz Adam Kasprzycki (16 January 1891 – 4 December 1978) was a member of the Polish Legions in First World War , major general of the Polish Armed Forces from 1929 and Minister of Military Affairs of Poland from 1935 to 1939. He commanded the 12th Infantry Division from 1927 to 1931. In 1939 he signed

208-714: The Franco-Polish Military Alliance . Later, he was interned in Romania after the evacuation of the Polish government following Nazi Germany 's invasion of Poland and was only released in 1945. After the end of the Second World War , he emigrated to Canada . Kasprzycki graduated from General Paweł Chrzanowski High School in Warsaw, after which he studied social studies and law at the Sorbonne and Geneva University . In

234-700: The Polish September Campaign , Kasprzycki, together with the government of Poland, was evacuated to Romania , where he was interned. In 1944 he arrived in Great Britain via Turkey . He wanted to join Polish Armed Forces in the West , but his application was rejected by Władysław Sikorski , who claimed that Kasprzycki was one of the people directly responsible for Polish defeat in September 1939. In 1954 he moved to Canada . Major general Major general

260-565: The Łódź Army who had become separated from his operational units, arrived in Warsaw with his staff. The chief of staff of the Polish Armed Forces , general Wacław Stachiewicz (then in Brześć ), appointed him the overall commander of all forces defending Warsaw, including the Warsaw Defense Force, the Modlin Fortress and the army units immediately south and north-east of Warsaw During

286-583: The Army ( Major-General do Exército ) became extinct in 1950, with their roles being unified in the then created Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces . In the Russian Army , the rank 'major general' is known as Russian : генера́л-майо́р , romanized :  generál-mayór . It is equivalent to a British brigadier or an American brigadier general . The Turkish Army and Air Force refer to

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312-484: The Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral . In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal . In some countries including much of Eastern Europe , major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks without brigadier general rank. In the sultanate of Brunei , the rank of Major general ( Malay : Mejar jeneral )

338-718: The President of Poland and remained in this post until 30 September 1939. On 19 March 1936 he was promoted to Divisional general . Apart from military activities, Kasprzycki was a member of several civilian organizations. In 1936, he was appointed the chairman of Main Committee of Mountain Congress, which took place in August of that year in Sanok . In December 1937, he was named chairman of Polish Association of Research Expeditions, and due to his efforts,

364-544: The Vistula river. On 22 September German forces cut through the remaining lines of communication between Warsaw and Modlin. On 26 September, after heavy bombardment had cut off water and the civilian population was starving, the city was forced to surrender. On 28 September the Polish forces in Warsaw capitulated; fort Modlin capitulated the following day. Commander: General Juliusz Rómmel Chief of staff: col Aleksander Pragłowski Deputy Commander: General Tadeusz Kutrzeba ,

390-526: The areas of Lublin and Warsaw . In 1917, Kasprzycki created the Association of Polish Military Organizations ( Związek Polskich Organizacji Wojskowych ). On 3 December 1918 Kasprzycki became a member of Józef Piłsudski's office. In 1919, he went to Paris, to study at École Militaire in Paris . After returning to Poland (1921) he took several posts in the Polish Armed Forces headquarters. In March 1927, he

416-675: The early 1910s, he joined the Union of Active Struggle and the Riflemen's Association . Before the outbreak of World War I , he graduated from Riflemen's Officer Academy in Stróże near Limanowa . In August 1914, Kasprzycki was named commander of the First Cadre Company . Later on, he was transferred to the headquarters of the 1st Brigade, Polish Legions . In the autumn of 1914, he joined Polish Military Organisation , helping to create its structures in

442-507: The early morning of 1 September. Initially the only organized units available to him were four infantry battalions, anti-aircraft artillery and anti-aircraft machine guns detachments under colonel Kazimierz Baran, composed mostly of fire-fighter brigades and volunteers supervised by colonel Tadeusz Bogdanowicz and Julian Kulski , the deputy president of Warsaw . The AA artillery had 86 pieces of anti-aircraft artillery, as well as an unknown number of anti-aircraft machine guns. In addition there

468-549: The equivalent of a naval flag officer . The major-general rank is senior to the ranks of brigadier general and commodore , and junior to lieutenant-general and vice admiral . Prior to 1968, the Air Force used the rank of air vice-marshal , instead. The rank insignia for a major-general in the Royal Canadian Air Force is a wide braid under a single narrow braid on the cuff, as well as two silver maple leaves beneath

494-468: The next days, army units retreating in face of the onslaughts of the German armor and under continuous air attacks, fought their way through the German lines to the besieged capital, in particular from the Battle of Bzura . After 13 September Warsaw and Modlin were effectively surrounded. The only way the Polish units were able to reach the besieged area was through the Kampinos Forest between Warsaw and

520-716: The position of chief of defence force, who commands all of New Zealand's armed forces. This position is subject to rotation between the heads of the New Zealand Air Force , New Zealand Army, and New Zealand Navy . Major general in the Pakistan Army is equivalent to rear admiral in the Pakistan Navy and air vice marshal in the Pakistan Air Force . It is the lowest of the general officer ranks, ranking between brigadier and lieutenant general. The rank of major-general

546-747: The rank as tümgeneral . The Turkish Navy equivalent is tümamiral . The name is derived from tümen , the Turkish word for a military division ( tümen itself is an older Turkish word meaning 10,000). Thus, linguistically, it is similar to the French equivalent for a major general, French : général de division . In the United States , the rank of major general exists in the United States Air Force , United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Space Force . Generalmajor

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572-404: Was an air force Pursuit Brigade which was equipped with 54 fighter aircraft. On the 5 and 6 September the air force and 11 batteries of anti-aircraft artillery were withdrawn to Lublin . Initially however parts of various army units, primarily of Łódź Army , retreating before the onslaught of German armor units, were added to his force. On 8 September General Juliusz Rómmel , the commander of

598-643: Was appointed the commander of the 19th Infantry Division (Poland) , stationed in Wilno . At the same time, he was Polish delegate to the Military Commission of the League of Nations . On 1 January 1929 Kasprzycki was promoted to the rank of Brigadier general , and in July 1931, he became Deputy Minister of Military Affairs. On 12 May 1935, after the death of Józef Piłsudski , Kasprzycki was named Minister of Military Affairs by

624-643: Was commander of Army Poznan - reached Warsaw 16 September. Commander of Warsaw Garrison: Walerian Czuma Commander: General Walerian Czuma , Elements of Army Poznań Elements of Army Pomorze Commander: 5 September Lt.Col. Julian Janowski; from 15 September Gen. Juliusz Zulauf (originally Commander of 5th Infantry Division) Elements of Army Modlin Commander: Gen. Wiktor Thommée - after 12 September. Elements of Modlin Army Elements of Poznań Army and Pomorze Army remains arrived from

650-539: Was moved up one level, with the role of brigade commander being assumed by the below rank of brigadier-general. In most of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, major-general was not used as a rank in the Portuguese military, but as an appointment title conferred to the general officer that acted as the military head of a service branch . The roles of Major-General of the Navy ( Major-General da Armada ) and Major-General of

676-530: Was reintroduced in the Portuguese Army , Portuguese Air Force , and Portuguese National Republican Guard in 1999, replacing the former rank of brigadier in the role of brigade commander. As a rank, it had previously been used in the Army only for a brief period (from 1862 to 1864). It is equivalent to the rank of contra-almirante (rear-admiral) in the Portuguese Navy . In 2015, the rank of major-general

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