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43-647: The property was listed in Copenhagen's first cadastre of 1689 as No. 36 in the city's East Quarter. It was owned by merchant Johan Herman Skrøder at that time. The property was listed in the new cadastre of 1756 as No. 41 in East Quarter. It was used as a naval hospital at that time. A member of the German-Jewish Warburg family was called to Denmark by Christian VI to open a stockings factory in 1730. Lion Warburg (1712-1784) and Josef Wessely (1712-1788) opened

86-488: A State , argues that all maps, but particularly cadastral maps, are designed to make local situations legible to an outsider, and in doing so, enable states to collect data on their subjects. He sees the origins of this in Early Modern Europe , where taxation became more complex. Cadastral maps, he argues, are always a great simplification, but they in themselves help change reality. Cadastral documentation comprises

129-524: A canted corner bay. The two outer bays towards Store Kirkestræde are slightly projecting risalits . The Warburg House was in October 2012 acquired by Dreyers Fond . Tenants include Toga Vinstue (Store Kirkestræde 3), an Espresso House (Højbro Plads 3) and the cocktail bar Kant (Højbro Plads 3). Toga Vinstue, a lunch restaurant and bar, is known as a popular meetingplace for young and old politicians, journalists and other people with an interest in politics. It

172-406: A complete listing of housing types and layouts, real estate trends for shifts in the market, and house or home for more general information. Real estate can be valued or devalued based on the amount of environmental degradation that has occurred. Environmental degradation can cause extreme health and safety risks. There is a growing demand for the use of site assessments (ESAs) when valuing

215-547: A means of more precise tax assessment. A cadastral map is a map that shows the boundaries and ownership of land parcels. Some cadastral maps show additional details, such as survey district names, unique identifying numbers for parcels, certificate of title numbers, positions of existing structures, section or lot numbers and their respective areas, adjoining and adjacent street names, selected boundary dimensions and references to prior maps. James C. Scott , in Seeing Like

258-634: A property for both private and commercial real estate. Environmental surveying is made possible by environmental surveyors who examine the environmental factors present within the development of real estate as well as the impacts that development and real estate has on the environment. Green development is a concept that has grown since the 1970s with the environmental movement and the World Commission on Environment and Development. Green development examines social and environmental impacts with real estate and building. There are 3 areas of focus, being

301-561: A stockings shop at the corner of Store Kirkestræde and Store Færgestræde in 1746. In 1752, they also established a stockings factory in Store Færgestræde. The company was later continued by Arenhold Leonhard Warburg (1754-1810). The property was home to 27 residents in two households at the 1787 census. Aron Warburg resided in the building with his wife Hinriette Wesly, their six children (aged one to eight), his mother Rebeche Warburg, his paternal aunt Ester Warburg, his nephew Elle Warburg,

344-593: A tight framework of legislation'. With the view of assessing transaction costs, a European project: Modelling real property transactions (2001–2005) charted procedures for the transfer of ownership and other rights in land and buildings. Cadastral documentation is described, e.g. for Finland as follows '8. Surveyor draws up cadastral map and cadastral documents … 10. Surveyor sends cadastral documents to cadastral authority.' In Australia, similar activities are referred to as 'lodgement of plans of subdivision at land titles offices' Cadastre management has been used by

387-444: A title register. The International Federation of Surveyors defines cadastre as follows: A Cadastre is normally a parcel-based, and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, the ownership or control of those interests, and often

430-577: A variety of other tasks, for example, to track long-term changes over time for geological or ecological studies, where land tenure is a significant part of the scenario. The cadastre is a fundamental source of data in disputes and lawsuits between landowners. Land registration and cadastre are both types of land recording and complement each other. By clearly assigning property rights and demarcating land, cadasters have been attributed with strengthening state fiscal capacity and economic growth. The word cadastre came into English through French from

473-593: Is different from personal property, while estate means the "interest" a person has in that land property. Real estate is different from personal property, which is not permanently attached to the land (or comes with the land), such as vehicles, boats, jewelry, furniture, tools, and the rolling stock of a farm and farm animals. In the United States, the transfer, owning, or acquisition of real estate can be through business corporations, individuals, nonprofit corporations, fiduciaries, or any legal entity as seen within

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516-604: Is often purchased as an investment, whether or not the owner intends to use the property. Often investment properties are rented out, but " flipping " involves quickly reselling a property, sometimes taking advantage of arbitrage or quickly rising value, and sometimes after repairs are made that substantially raise the value of the property. Luxury real estate is sometimes used as a way to store value, especially by wealthy foreigners, without any particular attempt to rent it out. Some luxury units in London and New York City have been used as

559-433: Is often used as a venue for political meetings or live music, often with politicians as guest bartenders or performers. Cadastre A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property 's metes-and-bounds of a country. Often it is represented graphically in a cadastral map . In most countries, legal systems have developed around the original administrative systems and use

602-657: The Great Depression in the U.S. caused a major drop in real estate worth and prices and ultimately resulted in depreciation of 50% for the four years after 1929. Housing financing in the U.S. was greatly affected by the Banking Act of 1933 and the National Housing Act in 1934 because it allowed for mortgage insurance for home buyers and this system was implemented by the Federal Deposit Insurance as well as

645-493: The Greek katástikhon ( κατάστιχον ), a list or register, from katà stíkhon ( κατὰ στίχον )—literally, "(organised) line by line". A cadastre commonly includes details of the ownership , the tenure , the precise location, the dimensions (and area), the cultivations if rural, and the value of individual parcels of land. Cadastres are used by many nations around the world, some in conjunction with other records, such as

688-581: The Tithe Commission . In the United States , cadastral survey within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) maintains records of all public lands . Such surveys often require detailed investigation of the history of land use, legal accounts, and other documents. The Public Lands Survey System is a cadastral survey of the United States originating in legislation from 1785, after international recognition of

731-664: The 1801 census. Aron Levin Warburg resided in his building with his new wife Aron Levin Warburg, five children from his first marriage (aged 13 to 20), his mother, a clerk and two maids. The other household consisted of student Casper Herman Bentzen, his wife Mette Caroline Bentzen, one male, one maid, organist Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse , lodger Thomas Buntzen (medicine student), lodger Olaus Kellermann (clerk), lodger Peter Johan Wilhelm Kellermann, housekeeper Marie Christiane Berg, tobacco spinner Hendrich Langemarck and Langemarck's 11-year-old apprentice Johan Peter Hall. Warburg's property

774-626: The 1840 census. Christian Arnhold Warburg, a stockings manufacturer, resided on the first floor with two of his sisters, four of his brothers, two paternal aunts, three clerks (employees), a courier (employee), a female cook, one male servant and one maid. Christian Bruhn, who was employed at the Royal Danish Theatre , resided on the second floor with his wife Engel Marie Bruhn (née Heibergm 1798-1867)m his niece Sophie Rebecca Bruhn, 21-year-old actress Henriette Andersen and one maid. Hans Ditlev Lubenberg, an assistant at Tal-Æptteriet and captain in

817-465: The Civilian Artillery, resided on the ground floor with his wife Caroline Kirstine Lubenberg (née Hoffmann) and their two daughters (aged 12 and 18). Dines Rasmussen, a beer seller ( øltapper ), resided in the basement with his wife Gjertrud Rasmussen født Christensen, their two-year-old son and one maid. In 1899 it changed hands again when it was acquired by Michael Johansen (1872-1944). The shop

860-592: The Federal Housing Administration. In 1938, an amendment was made to the National Housing Act and Fannie Mae , a government agency, was established to serve as a secondary market for mortgages and to give lenders more money in order for new homes to be funded. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act in the U.S., which is also known as the Fair Housing Act, was put into place in 1968 and dealt with

903-700: The US), charts, and maps. They were originally used to ensure reliable facts for land valuation and taxation. An example from early England is the Domesday Book in 1086. Napoleon established a comprehensive cadastral system for France that is regarded as the forerunner of most modern versions. Cadastral survey information is often a base element in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Land Information Systems (LIS) used to assess and manage land and built infrastructure. Such systems are also employed on

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946-564: The United States. The Dominion Land Survey is a similar cadastral survey conducted in Western Canada, begun in 1871 after the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Both cadastral surveys are made relative to principal meridian and baselines . These cadastral surveys divided the surveyed areas into townships . Some much earlier surveys in Ohio created 25 square mile townships when the design of

989-409: The cadastre to define the dimensions and location of land parcels described in legal documentation. A land parcel or cadastral parcel is defined as "a continuous area, or more appropriately volume, that is identified by a unique set of homogeneous property rights". Cadastral surveys document the boundaries of land ownership, by the production of documents, diagrams, sketches, plans ( plats in

1032-471: The conventional cadastre concept include the 3D cadastre , considering the vertical domain; and the multipurpose cadastre , considering non-parcel data. According to the UN Economic Commission for Europe , a " Marine Cadastre describes the location and spatial extent of rights, restrictions and responsibilities in the marine environment". Marine cadastres apply the same governance principles to

1075-467: The documentary materials submitted to cadastre or land administration offices for renewal of cadastral recordings. Cadastral documentation is kept in paper and/or electronic form. Jurisdiction statutes and further provisions specify the content and form of the documentation, as well as the person(s) authorized to prepare and sign the documentation, including concerned parties (owner, etc.), licensed surveyors and legal advisors. The office concerned reviews

1118-474: The environmental responsiveness, resource efficiency , and the sensitivity of cultural and societal aspects. Examples of Green development are green infrastructure , LEED , conservation development , and sustainability developments. Real estate in itself has been measured as a contributing factor to the rise in green house gases. According to the International Energy Agency, real estate in 2019

1161-563: The extent of land rather than using more precise surveys. Only in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries did the use of cadastral maps resume, beginning in the Netherlands. With the emergence of capitalism in Renaissance Europe, the need for cadastral maps reemerged as a tool to determine and express control of land as a means of production. This took place first privately in land disputes and later spread to governmental practice as

1204-495: The idea of private property. One of the largest initial real estate deals in history known as the " Louisiana Purchase " happened in 1803 when the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed. This treaty paved the way for western expansion and made the U.S. the owners of the " Louisiana Territory " as the land was bought from France for fifteen million, making each acre roughly 4 cents. The oldest real estate brokerage firm

1247-652: The incorporation of African Americans into neighborhoods as the issues of discrimination were analyzed with the renting, buying, and financing of homes. Internet real estate as a concept began with the first appearance of real estate platforms on the World Wide Web (www) and occurred in 1999. Residential real estate may contain either a single family or multifamily structure that is available for occupation or for non-business purposes. Residences can be classified by and how they are connected to neighbouring residences and land. Different types of housing tenure can be used for

1290-466: The instructor Jacob Con and four maids. Josep Moses Wesely, his partner in the stockings factory, resided in the building with his sons Moses and Friederich Wesely, two maids and six workers at the factory. The buildings in Store Færgestræde were destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795 . The present building on the site was constructed in 1798-1799. The property was again home to two households at

1333-517: The law of each U.S. state. The natural right of a person to own property as a concept can be seen as having roots in Roman law as well as Greek philosophy. The profession of appraisal can be seen as beginning in England during the 1500s, as agricultural needs required land clearing and land preparation. Textbooks on the subject of surveying began to be written and the term "surveying" was used in England, while

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1376-602: The same physical type. For example, connected residences might be owned by a single entity and leased out, or owned separately with an agreement covering the relationship between units and common areas and concerns. According to the Congressional Research Service, in 2021, 65% of homes in the U.S. are owned by the occupier. Other categories The size of havelis and chawls is measured in Gaz (square yards), Quila, Marla, Beegha, and acre. See List of house types for

1419-528: The software industry since at least 2005. It mainly refers to the use of technology for management of cadastre and land information in geographic information systems , spatial data infrastructures and software architecture , rather than to general management issues of cadastral and other land information agencies. In 1836, Colonel Robert Dawson of the Royal Engineers proposed that a cadastre be implemented in light of his experiences as on secondment to

1462-523: The state lands which the Emperor Augustus had given to the soldiers of Legion II Gallica, but which for some years had been occupied by private individuals, ordered a survey map to be set up with a record on each 'century' of the annual rental". In this way Vespasian was able to reimpose taxation formerly uncollected on these lands. With the fall of Rome, the use of cadastral maps effectively discontinued. Medieval practice used written descriptions of

1505-718: The submitted information; if the documentation does not comply with stated provisions, the office may set a deadline for the applicant to submit complete documentation. The concept of cadastral documentation emerged late in the English language, as the institution of cadastre developed outside English-speaking countries. In a Danish textbook, one out of fifteen chapters regards the form and content of documents concerning subdivision and other land matters. Early textbooks of international scope focused on recordings in terms of land registration and technical aspects of cadastral survey , yet note that 'cadastral surveying has been carried out within

1548-713: The system was being explored. Later, the design became square land areas of approximately 36 square miles (six miles by six miles). These townships are divided into sections , each approximately one-mile square. Unlike in Europe, this cadastral survey largely preceded settlement and as a result greatly influenced settlement patterns. Properties are generally rectangular, boundary lines often run on cardinal bearings, and parcel dimensions are often in fractions or multiples of chains . Land descriptions in Western North America are principally based on these land surveys. Extensions of

1591-553: The term "appraising" was more used in North America. Natural law which can be seen as "universal law" was discussed among writers of the 15th and 16th century as it pertained to "property theory" and the inter-state relations dealing with foreign investments and the protection of citizens private property abroad. Natural law can be seen as having an influence in Emerich de Vattel 's 1758 treatise The Law of Nations which conceptualized

1634-516: The value of the parcel and its improvements. Some of the earliest cadastres were ordered by Roman Emperors to recover state owned lands that had been appropriated by private individuals, and thereby recover income from such holdings. One such cadastre was done in AD 77 in Campania, a surviving stone marker of the survey reads "The Emperor Vespasian , in the eighth year of his tribunician power, so as to restore

1677-728: The water. They help further conservation and sustainability efforts. This is especially a concern in Europe's large aquatic market. In Australia, they are used by many parties to plan around legal, technical, and institutional considerations. A related concept is that of marine spatial data infrastructures . Real estate Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as growing crops (e.g. timber), minerals or water, and wild animals; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property , (more generally) buildings or housing in general. In terms of law, real relates to land property and

1720-450: Was after his death in 1944 continued by his widow Magda Johansen (born 1879) and son Erling Johansen (born 1914). It closed in 1952. Organist and composer C. E. F. Weyse (1774-1842) was a resident in the building from 1804 to 1814. He was hired for the position as organist at the Church of Our Lady in 1805. The building has two bays facing Højbro plads, 12 bays facing Store Kirkestræde and

1763-603: Was established in 1855 in Chicago, Illinois, and was initially known as "L. D. Olmsted & Co." but is now known as "Baird & Warner". In 1908, the National Association of Realtors was founded in Chicago and in 1916, the name was changed to the National Association of Real Estate Boards and this was also when the term " realtor " was coined to identify real estate professionals. The stock market crash of 1929 and

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1806-442: Was listed in the new cadastre of 1806 as No. 38 in the city's East Quarter. The company was after his death in 1810 continued by his son Ludvig Christian Warburg (1786-1836). Ludvig Warburg's son Christian Arenholt Warburg (1813-1895) was later made a partner and the firm was from then on known as L. C. Warburg & Søn. It was in 1885 acquired by C. T. Kjølbye (1827-1898). The property was home to 29 residents in four households at

1849-415: Was responsible for 39 percent of total emissions worldwide and 11 percent of those emissions were due to the manufacturing of materials used in buildings. Investment in real estate can be categorized by financial risk into core, value-added , and opportunistic . Real estate development can be less cyclical than real estate investing. In markets where land and building prices are rising, real estate

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