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32-522: The War Against Indiscipline was announced in March 1984 by Tunde Idiagbon , the Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters and the launch event was held at Tafawa Balewa Square to much fanfare. The military government of which Idiagbon was a member had seized power on December 31, 1983, and a key underlying reason given for the coup was unprecedented, rampant corruption and indiscipline within the political class. Prior to

64-562: A coup that would correct the excesses of political class was growing. When the military took control of the government, they established measures to impose order and discipline within the country. One of those measures was the War Against Indiscipline, a comprehensive program to correct many social ills that the new military ruling class perceived to afflict Nigeria. Earlier corrective measures were specific in scope; for instance, public unity schools with student population from all over

96-569: A major target of phase III. Nigerians were asked to appreciate national symbols such as the national anthem and the flag . This phase led to the ubiquitous presence of the national flag in public offices and the singing of the national anthem in schools. However, like the program in general, critics attacked the measure because those failing to recite the national anthem were given unusual punishments, such as civil servants being suspended without pay, while public policies like federal character and out of state school fees were still in effect. Phase IV

128-531: A new industry standard. The Island of Malta is known to host bunkering, in six locations including Hurd's bank . In 2015 the Malta-Sicily Channel was noted as "one of the most important oil transit routes in the world," and in 2011, around eight vessels per day bunkered in Maltese waters. The two most common types of bunkering procedure at sea are "ship to ship bunkering" (STSB), in which one ship acts as

160-420: A similar measure was establishment towards the end of 1983. This measure, called 'ethical revolution', was viewed more as a propaganda weapon, and when the government announced WAI, it was originally met with skepticism. The military government took steps to demonstrate its commitment to structural reform of social maladjustment and corruption. Initially uniformed men played both supervisory and enforcement roles of

192-428: A terminal, while the other moors. The second type is "stern line bunkering" (SLB), which is the easiest method of transferring oil but can be risky during bad weather. In many maritime contracts, such as charter parties , contracts for carriage of goods by sea , and marine insurance policies , the ship-owner or ship operator is required to ensure that the ship is seaworthy . Seaworthiness requires not only that

224-400: Is the supplying of fuel for use by ships ( such fuel is referred to as bunker ), including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader. The term bunkering originated in the days of steamships , when coal was stored in bunkers. Nowadays, the term bunker is generally applied to

256-401: The petroleum products stored in tanks , and bunkering to the practice and business of refueling ships. Bunkering operations take place at seaports and include the storage and provision of the bunker (ship fuels) to vessels. The Port of Singapore is currently the largest bunkering port in the world. In 2023, Singapore recorded bunker fuel sales volume totaling 51,824,000 tonnes, setting

288-744: The Nigerian Military Training College (NMTC). In February 1964, the college was renamed the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA). From 1962 to 1965, Idiagbon attended the Pakistan Military Academy , Kakul (PMA Kakul), Abbottabad , Pakistan , where he obtained a bachelor's degree in economics . Upon arrival to Nigeria from Pakistan he was commissioned second lieutenant in April 1965. He was company commander, 4th Battalion from August 1965 to February 1966. In 1966 he studied for

320-876: The Soviet Union to meet Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko . After 20 months in power, the military government of Buhari was overthrown by Ibrahim Babangida on 27 August 1985. Idiagbon was removed from his position as chief of staff, Supreme Headquarters, and he was placed under house arrest for three years, after his release he retired to his hometown Ilorin and lived in relative obscurity . On 6 March 1970, Idiagbon married Biodun Idiagbon (née Gamra). They had two sons and three daughters together: Adekunle, Junior, Ronke, Mope and Bola. On 24 March 1999, Idiagbon died under very suspicious circumstances. Major-General Idiagbon (Rtd.) received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they include: Bunkering Bunkering

352-534: The country were founded in different states to promote a national feeling, the National Youth Service Corps had a goal to serve a similar purpose, and Operation Feed the Nation was established to promote self sufficiency. Acknowledging that indiscipline and degeneracy within the political class had climbed unprecedented heights, the War Against Indiscipline, a comprehensive and controlled corrective measure

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384-489: The coup, newspapers wrote articles alleging corrupt practices within the Shehu Shagari administration, including fraud in the housing ministry and external communications agency, bribes given to Central Bank officials to obtain foreign currency, and government-supported hoarding of rice. Government officials and the political class lived in luxury, while the civilian administration began a policy of austerity . Support for

416-600: The family of his father Hassan Dogo who is of Fulani ancestry and mother Ayisatu Iyabeji Hassan Idiagbon on 14 September 1943 in Ilorin , Kwara State . He attended United Primary School, Ilorin from 1950 to 1952 and Okesuna Senior Primary School, Ilorin, 1953–57. He received his secondary education at the Nigeria Military School , Zaria between 1958 and 62. In 1962, Idiagbon joined the Nigerian Army by enrolling in

448-463: The junior commander course at the Nigerian Defence Academy , Kaduna. From 1966 to 1967 he also served as an intelligence officer, 4th Battalion and General Staff Officer, 3rd Intelligence, 1st Sector. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1966. He fought in the Nigerian Civil War and was made commanding officer, 20 Battalion from October 1967 to February 1968. In 1968, he was promoted to

480-450: The media were used as constant means of promoting its tenets. The first phase was launched on the same day as the program. The phase concerned the desire of the government to instill orderliness and respect for fellow Nigerians. Instead of chaotic boarding of buses or jumping lines, Nigerians were told to queue and to wait their turn. At some locations, uniformed men were present to enforce queuing. But this had vocal critics, who felt that it

512-514: The military administrator (position now called governor) of Borno State, Nigeria. General Muhammadu Buhari made Idiagbon his second-in-command as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985. Described as a thorough military man, he played a key role as the hallmark of Buhari's military government. Idiagbon was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1985. He controlled all visible instruments of national, political, governmental and administrative powers. Idiagbon

544-629: The phone rang and another worker quietly asleep during office hours. These situations were contrasted with a hardworking baggage handler and an efficient traffic control officer. The phase was appropriately launched on May 1 as an attempt to manage truancy, lateness, laziness and to improve work ethic and productivity . Launched on August 27, 1984, phase III was designed to promote genuine national unity. Nigerians were asked to forgo statism and tribal affiliations and instead to be open minded in making decisions. Practices that raised cultural consciousness in clothing, food and everyday purchases were also

576-422: The program had federal and state level committees. Each state managed its own program and made monthly reports about its progress. The Ministry of Information was in charge of the administration at the federal level, within the ministry was a WAI department headed by a director, and this department was advised by a central WAI committee. The program was launched in schedules and meant to be continuous. Advertising and

608-456: The rank of captain . He was the commanding officer, 125 Battalion, from 1968 to 1970 - a dreaded fighting unit. In 1970, he was promoted to the rank of major. He was made brigade major and deputy commander, 33 Brigade from March 1970 to March 1971 and the commander, 29 Brigade from March 1971 to December 1972. In January 1973 he served as the general staff officer, Grade 1 and later, principal staff officer (PSO), Supreme Military Headquarters. He

640-407: The ship be sound and properly crewed, but also that it be fully fuelled (or "bunkered") at the start of the voyage. If the ship operator wishes to bunker en route, this must be provided for in a written agreement, or the interruption of the voyage may be deemed to be deviation (a serious breach of contract ). If the vessel runs out of fuel in mid-ocean, this also constitutes serious breach, allowing

672-713: The tenets of WAI, but with criticism of the lack of input from the community, in order to give a civilian face to the enforcement of the War Against Indiscipline, the WAI brigade was launched. There were three levels of WAI: the first were primary school students called the Vanguard, the second were secondary school students called the Crusaders, and the third were those above the age of eighteen years who were called Patriots. Tunde Idiagbon Babatunde "Tunde" Abdulbaki Idiagbon ( Listen ) (14 September 1943 – 24 March 1999)

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704-556: The use of local materials. Importation was tightened. The aim was to ensure the growth of local industries through the policy. Also in 1984, Idiagbon spearheaded and implemented the Go Back to Land Programme which was part of the government's farming policy that encouraged massive agricultural food production and was also part of the military government's poverty alleviation strategy. From January 1984 to August 1985, Idiagbon took control of all foreign policy matters that involved security. He

736-506: Was $ 7,000. He said any corporation or individual exchanging in excess of the limit had to explain where the money came from and needed government clearance. According to Idiagbon the major cause of the nation's economic problems "is the deliberate sabotage of the Nigerian currency through large-scale illegal trafficking of the currency". In 1984, Idiagbon implemented the military government's import substitution industrialisation policy based on

768-403: Was a Nigerian general who served as the 6th Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters (second-in-command) under military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari from 1983 to 1985. He was also a grate member of Nigeria's military governments between 1966 and 1979, serving as a military administrator of Borno State under General Olusegun Obasanjo 's military government. Idiagbon was born into

800-473: Was a simple attempt to cure a deeper problem caused by scarcity in the major cities. Controlling queues when serious food shortages existed was seen as failing to meet the needs of the people. In addition, it was defined as a national malaise, even though most towns and rural areas were not as chaotic and disorderly as the urban areas. In television advertisements to promote phase two, contrasting scenarios were created such as an office worker doing her nails while

832-417: Was announced. The primary goals of the measure were to strengthen national unity, promote economic self sufficiency and instill cultural, personal, and moral discipline so as to control indolence, corruption, and criminal practices. The military government showed commitment to the success of the plan; decrees were announced that imposed harsh punishments for crimes and vagrancy. The organizational structure of

864-513: Was in control of the border closure, expulsion of illegal immigrants, and damage control after the Umaru Dikko Affair in Britain. He also participated in diplomatic activities. On behalf of Nigeria's military government, he signed credit line and educational cooperation agreements with a visiting Bulgarian delegation led by Prime Minister Grisha Filipov in 1984. He led a delegation in 1984 to

896-433: Was initiated during a period of economic downturn when people were struggling to earn money; the displacement derailed street vendors' means of employment. An austere economic policy initiated by the government gave legitimacy to critics who view the administration as similar to the previous one, not understanding the depth of the country's social and economic problems. Previous measures were ad-hoc steps limited in scope, but

928-525: Was launched in January 1985 and was a measure to tackle specific criminal activities such as oil bunkering , pipeline tampering, smuggling , fraud, counterfeit currency , and drug peddling. This phase was launched with the goal of cleaning private and public environment. It included a sanitation program to clear refuse and illegal structures. The phase earned many critics as a result of the displacement of street hawkers and vendors. The War Against Indiscipline

960-566: Was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1974. He was made brigade commander, 31 and 15 Brigades from August 1975 to August 1978. In 1976, Idiagbon proceeded to the Command and Staff College in Quetta , Pakistan, for further military training. In July 1978 he was promoted to the rank of colonel . He was appointed as the director of manpower (manning) and planning, Army Headquarters in October 1979. In May 1980 he

992-576: Was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. In 1981, he attended the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru, Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria and in 1982 he attended the International Defence Management Course, Naval Postgraduate School , US. He was the military secretary of the Nigerian Army from 1981 to 1983. From August 1978 to October 1979, the military Head of State, General Obasanjo appointed Idiagbon as

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1024-495: Was responsible for introducing, announcing and implementing many of the government's major policies, they include: The five phases of the War Against Indiscipline which Idiagbon announced and implemented were: In April 1984, Idiagbon announced the introduction of a new currency for Nigeria. He said the new currency would keep the same name, but the colors of bills would be different. He also announced limits to currency exchange for corporations and individuals. The individual limit

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