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41-676: A 3-mile (5 km) segment of the 21-mile (34 km) Wapack Trail passes through the refuge and provides wide views of the surrounding mountains. The refuge lies in the towns of Greenfield , Lyndeborough , and Temple , and is administered by the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge in Newburyport, Massachusetts . The refuge protects diverse habitat types, including northern hardwood-conifer, hemlock-hardwood, and spruce-fir forests and woodlands, oldfields , scrub-shrub habitat, and rock ledges with talus . The refuge

82-510: A ban on "extreme" competitions. In August 2023, a partnership between Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) and Ironman Triathlon was announced and the new formation of the UTMB World Series, an ultra-distance circuit that culminates with UTMB held in August. Concerns have been raised about rising entry fees, homogenization of racing experiences, and bulldozing of smaller events. Until 2014,

123-473: A handful of runners have run the entire length of New Zealand, a distance of around 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi). Australia In Australia, the Westfield Ultra Marathon was an annual race between Sydney and Melbourne contested between 1983 and 1991. Greek runner Yiannis Kouros won the event five times during that period. Australia is also the home of one of the oldest six-day races in

164-657: A handful of ultramarathons held in Antarctica, and travel costs can mean entrance fees as high as $ 14,000. Ultramarathons in Antarctica include The Last Desert, part of the 4 Deserts Race Series, a multi-stage footrace, and the Antarctic Ice Marathon – a marathon and 100-kilometer race. The oldest existing ultramarathon in North America is the JFK 50 Mile , which began in 1963 as a push by President John F. Kennedy to bring

205-797: A national body: the New Zealand Ultrarunners Association. Oceania New Caledonia Trail Festival has several annual ultramarathon including the Ultra Trail New Caledonia 136 km / 6 000m D+ and the Endurance Shop Trail race 70 km / 3 000m D+ on Pentecost long Week end. The Trail des Cagous is another 60 km ultramarathon held in April. Papua New Guinea has the Kokoda Challenge Race , an annual 96 km endurance race held in late August that runs

246-520: A skyline trail along the ridge of the Boundary Mountains from Mt. Watatic to North Pack Monadnock. Later, Albert brought the idea to fellow farmers Frank Robbins and Marion Buck of Rindge, New Hampshire . The three started cutting the trail near the end of the summer using hand tools. The trail was opened in 1923. Buck named it by joining the Wa from Mt. Watatic and Pack from North Pack Monadnock, and soon

287-477: A specified distance or route, and those that last for a predetermined period (with the winner covering the most distance in that time). The most common distances are 50 kilometres (31.07 mi), 50 miles (80.47 km), 100 kilometres (62.14 mi), 100 miles (160.93 km), and continue up to the longest certified race distance of 3100 miles. Timed events range from 6, 12, and 24 hours to 3, 6, and 10 days (known as Multiday races ). Timed events are generally run on

328-441: A track or a short road course, often one mile (1.6 km) or less. The format of ultramarathons and the courses vary, ranging from single loops (some as short as a 400-metre (1,300 ft) track), to point-to-point road or trail races, to cross-country rogaines . Many ultramarathons have significant obstacles, such as inclement weather, elevation change, or rugged terrain. Usually, there are aid stations , whether every lap of

369-480: A track, small road or trail loop courses, or extending up to perhaps 20 to 35 kilometres (12 to 22 mi), where runners can replenish food and drink supplies or take a short break. There are some self-supported ultramarathon stage races in which each competitor has to carry all their supplies including food to survive the length of the race, typically a week long. The Marathon des Sables 6-day stage race in Morocco and

410-401: Is a footrace longer than the traditional marathon distance of 42.195 kilometres (26 mi 385 yd). The sport of running ultramarathons is called ultra running or ultra distance running . Various distances, surfaces, and formats are raced competitively, from the shortest common ultramarathon of 31 miles (50 km) and up to 3100 miles. Around 100 miles (160 km) is typically

451-544: Is a 246-kilometre (153 mi) marathon from the coast to the top of Mount Kosciuszko , Australia's highest mountain. Australia has seen a steep growth in ultrarunning events and participants in recent years. Many new races have come into inception, covering a range of ultramarathon distances from 50 km right through to multi-day events. The cornerstone of Australian Ultra events is such races as Ultra-Trail Australia 100, The Great North Walk Ultras, Surf Coast Century, Bogong to Hotham, Alpine Challenge, GC50 Run Festival, and

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492-466: Is a popular hawk migration area and provides nesting habitat for numerous migratory songbirds such as the American tree sparrow , Swainson's thrush , magnolia warbler , crossbills , pine grosbeaks and white-throated sparrow . Other birds observed on the refuge during a 2002 breeding season survey: The refuge provides habitat for many mammal species, some of which include: Some amphibian species on

533-601: Is a selected list of world or international-record-holding, or world-championship-winning, ultramarathon runners. Ultra Marathons are run around the world with more than 600,000 people completing them every year. Several ultra-distance events are held in Africa. Ultrarunning has become popular in Asia, and countries such as Japan, Taiwan , and South Korea have hosted IAU World Championships. Australia and New Zealand are hosts to some 100 organized ultramarathons each year. Additionally,

574-535: Is added to bring the distance to 50 miles. Slower runners are stopped after 43 miles (69 km). On Labor Day in early September, a 18-mile (29 km) race coordinated by Paul Funch covers the southern part of the trail. It starts at the Windblown cross-country ski area and proceeds to Mount Watatic and back. 42°48′54″N 71°53′30″W  /  42.81500°N 71.89167°W  / 42.81500; -71.89167 Ultramarathon An ultramarathon

615-917: Is the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race . Many ultras have historical significance, including the Spartathlon , based on the 246 km run of Greek messenger Pheidippides from Athens to Sparta during the Battle of Marathon in a day and a half to seek aid against the Persians. Ultra running World Championships are held by the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) for 50 km, 100 km, 24 hours, and ultra trail running . The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) holds World Championships for 48 hours and 6 days. World Records are ratified and recognized by World Athletics (50 km and 100 km),

656-572: Is the first 100-mile (160 km) race through the Northburn Station. The Te Houtaewa Challenge has a 62 km race on a ninety-mile beach, in Northland. The runners have to contend with rising tides and soft beach sand and the March race dates often mean the race is run in the cyclone season. In 2014 the ultramarathon was postponed because of Cyclone Lucy. The Tarawera Ultramarathon is currently one of

697-479: The 50k distance as a World Record for both mixed and women, respectively, along with 100k. The events considered IAU World Records are: 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours along with 50 and 100 miles. Records in the 6 day event are called World Best Performances by the IAU. Potential record performances at distances recognized by the IAU and following World Athletics and IAU rules that have not yet been ratified nor rejected include

738-520: The IAU 100 km World Championships , IAU 50 km World Championships , IAU 24 Hour World Championship , and the IAU Trail World Championships . GOMU World Championships are held for 48 hours and 6 days to encourage multi-day athletes from around the world to come together, compete on a level playing field, and aspire for world, national, age-group, and personal records. The following

779-544: The Wapack National Wildlife Refuge , as well as numerous privately owned parcels of land. In New Ipswich it skirts Windblown Cross-Country Ski Area, which operated for four decades until closing in 2020. The trail is overseen by Friends of the Wapack, a non-profit group. Aside from upgrading and maintaining the trail, the group is trying to have the entire length preserved from development. The southern part of

820-561: The Boundary Mountains became known as the Wapack Range. There are two running races along the trail. A race in May was started in 2007 by Bogie Dumitrescu. It is 21.5 miles (34.6 km) and goes the whole length of the trail beginning at the northern terminus. A longer 50-mile (80 km) out-and-back ultramarathon version starts at the southern terminus and runs all the way to the northern terminus and back. An out and back segment to Binney Pond

861-562: The Cradle Mountain Run. The Australian Ultra Runners Association (AURA) has a comprehensive list and links of events and their respective results. New Zealand New Zealand's first ultramarathon, called the Kepler Challenge , was held on a 60 kilometres (37 mi) trail through Fiordland National Park . It has been running since 1988 and is one of the country's most popular races. New Zealand's Northburn 100 ultra mountain run

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902-599: The GOMU recognising the IAU-ratified World Records and World Bests for 48 hours and 6 days, they also keep their own records for a number of "standard" times/distances (including 72 hours, 10 days, 500 miles, 1000 miles, 2000 miles, 3000 miles, 3100 miles, 500 km, 1000 km, 2000 km, 3000 km, 4000 km, and 5000 km), as well as records for a number of non-standard formats (4 days to 49 days, 200 miles to 2900 miles, and 300 km to 4900 km). There are four IAU World Championships:

943-565: The Grand to Grand Ultra in the US are examples. The International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) organises the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances, including 50 kilometres (31 mi), 100 kilometres (62 mi), 24 hours, and ultra trail running , which are also recognized by World Athletics . Many countries around the world have their own ultrarunning organizations, often

984-550: The IAU (50 km up to 6 days), and by GOMU (48 hours up to 5000 km). There is also overlap with the sports of trail running and mountain running . Some 100 miles (160 km) races are among the oldest and most prestigious events, especially in North America. The oldest and also the largest trail race is the SainteLyon 78 km in France (over 5,000 finishers annually). There are two main types of ultramarathon events: those that cover

1025-526: The IAU maintained lists of the world best performances on different surfaces (road, track, and indoor). Starting in 2015, the distinction between the surfaces was removed and the records were combined into a single category. Some governing bodies continue to keep separate ultramarathon track and road records for their jurisdictions. Starting in January 2022, the IAU began to recognize and ratify performances as IAU World Records. World Athletics also began to ratify

1066-737: The Millau 100K, which have gathered thousands of runners for the past 50 years. There are over 300 ultramarathons held in Europe each year, . This includes the Harz Run in the Harz Mountains , the Irish Connemarathon , the British Spine Race and Welsh Dragon's Back Race which covers 315 km with 15,500m of height gain. The UTMB , through France, Italy, and Switzerland has been considered

1107-721: The UK from the Victorian Era has also been documented. The IAU hosts annual European Championships for the 50 km , 100 km and 24 hours . The European Ultramarathon Cup is an annual cup event covering some of the biggest ultramarathon races in Europe. Also worth mentioning is the ultramarathon CajaMar Tenerife Bluetrail , the highest race in Spain and second in Europe, with the participation of several countries and great international repercussions. Besides trail ultramarathons, Europe features large road ultramarathons such as Spartathlon and

1148-922: The United States. Opened in 1923, it follows the Wapack Range north-south for 21 miles (34 km), between Mount Watatic in Ashburnham, Massachusetts , and North Pack Monadnock mountain in Greenfield , New Hampshire . It is designed primarily for day use by hikers, with minimal camping facilities. The trail passes through the Massachusetts towns of Ashburnham and Ashby , and the New Hampshire towns of New Ipswich , Temple , Sharon , Peterborough , and Greenfield. It also goes over Temple Mountain , and through Miller State Park , Binney Hill Wilderness Preserve, and

1189-697: The Wapack Trail overlaps with the northern part of the Midstate Trail . The trail was born in a conversation in the summer of 1922 at the Shattuck Inn in Jaffrey, New Hampshire between Allen Chamberlain , formerly president of the Appalachian Mountain Club , and Jaffrey farmer Albert Annett while overlooking the Wapack Range , then known as the Boundary Mountains. The two talked about the possibility of

1230-572: The country back to physical fitness. There are several 100-mile ultramarathons held annually in North America. The Western States Endurance Run is the oldest 100-mile trail run in North America. The race began in 1977, founded by Wendell Robie, of Auburn California. The largest ultramarathon in North America is the Marine Corp 50km. The largest 100-mile trail run is the Javelina Jundred. Some of flattest of North American ultramarathons, with

1271-483: The following: The IAU World Records and World Best Performances as of May 2024 are as follows. Until 2021, the IAU also kept records for 1000 km and 1000 miles. The final records were: The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) was founded in October 2021 to recognize Multiday race World Records that are not recognized by the International Association of Ultrarunners . In addition to

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1312-673: The least elevation or elevation gain, take place in Florida, like the Long Haul 100, the Keys 100, and the Skunk Ape 100 Mile Endurance Run. The first mountain trail ultramarathon held in the United States was the 1911 Mount Baker Race (50K), in Bellingham, Washington. Runners raced by car or train to the trailheads, ran up and down Mount Baker 10,000 feet, and then returned to the city. An early ultramarathon

1353-623: The length of the historic Kokoda Track . Papua New Guinea also has the Great Kokoda Race, a multi-stage 96 km (3-day) race held in early July where competitors run or walk the length of the Kokoda Track . In Europe, ultrarunning can trace its origins to early documentation of ultrarunners from Icelandic sagas , or ancient Greece from where the idea of the Marathon , and the Spartathlon comes. The history of ultrarunners and walkers in

1394-484: The longest course distance raced in under 24 hours, but there are also longer multiday races commonly held as 48 hours, 200 miles (320 km), or more, sometimes raced in stages with breaks for sleep. The oldest and largest ultramarathons are on road, including the Comrades Marathon (over 10,000 finishers annually) and Two Oceans Marathon (over 6,000 finishers annually). The world's longest certified Footrace

1435-618: The most competitive ultras in New Zealand and part of the Ultra-Trail World Tour. In December 2013 in Auckland, Kim Allan ran 500 km in 86 hours, 11 minutes, and 9 seconds, breaking the 486 kilometres (302 mi) women's record. In April 2013, a Feilding man, Perry Newburn, set a new New Zealand record by running 483 kilometres (300 mi) without sleep at Feilding's Manfeild Park. Ultramarathon running in New Zealand has

1476-783: The national athletics federation of the country, or are sanctioned by such national athletics organizations. 50-kilometer and 100-kilometer races are recognized as World Records by World Athletics , the world governing body of track and field. The International Association of Ultrarunners recognizes IAU World Records for 50-kilometers, 100-kilometers, 6 hours, 12 hours, 100 miles, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 6 days. The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) recognizes Multiday race World Records for standard and non-standard distances and times between 48 hours and 5000 km. There are ultramarathon Racewalking events that are usually 50 km, although 100 km and 100-mile (160 km) "Centurion" races are also organized. Furthermore,

1517-574: The non-competitive International Marching League event Nijmegen Four Days March has a regulation distance of 4 × 50 km over four days for those aged 19 to 49. In 2021, concerns were raised about planning and medical care available for ultramarathons in China, after dozens of racers died from hypothermia and at least one from a heart attack while competing in an ultramarathon in the Yellow River Stone Forest . The government later announced

1558-483: The refuge: Invertebrates on the refuge are a food source for many other animal species. Insects in the area include butterflies, dragonflies, beetles, wasps, and ants. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service . Wapack Trail The Wapack Trail is one of the oldest public, interstate hiking trails in

1599-599: The world's most competitive trail ultra. The other races in the UTMB festival, including the CCC, TDS, and OCC, are also significant events in the ultrarunning calendar. In 2021 the Megarace was held. The race was 1001 km and was planned to be held on trails through Germany, Czech Republic , and Austria . Due to Covid , 2021, the course was modified to only go through Germany. Due to logistics and environmental concerns, there are only

1640-664: The world, the Cliff Young Australian 6-day race , held in Colac, Victoria . The race is held on a 400-meter circuit at the Memorial Square in the centre of Colac and has seen many close races since its inception in 1984. The 20th Cliff Young Australian six-day race was held between 20 and 26 November 2005. During that event, Kouros beat his existing world record six-day track mark and set a new mark of 1,036.851 kilometres (644.269 mi). The Coast to Kosciuszko inaugurated in 2004,

1681-635: Was held in Mexico in 1926, and at the time was part of the Central American Games . Tomas Zafiro and Leoncio San Miguel, both Tarahumara Indians, ran 100 km from Pachuca to Mexico City in 9 hours and 37 minutes. At the time, the Mexican government petitioned to include a 100 km race in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1928, sports agent C. C. Pyle organized the first of two editions of

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