84-506: Wanneroo Road is a 44-kilometre (27 mi) arterial highway in the northern suburbs of Perth , Western Australia linking Joondanna and Yokine in the south with Wanneroo and Yanchep in the north. As part of State Route 60, it begins from Charles Street in the inner city and becomes Indian Ocean Drive up to Dongara . Originally a narrow and often country road with a single lane in each direction it has been periodically widened and (particularly north of Wanneroo) straightened. Around
168-485: A 244-metre (801 ft) office building for Anglo-Australian mining company BHP . Perth's metropolitan area extends along the coast to Two Rocks in the north and Singleton to the south, a distance of approximately 125 kilometres (80 mi). From the coast in the west to Mundaring in the east is a distance of approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi). The Perth metropolitan area covers 6,418 square kilometres (2,478 sq mi). The built-up urban area of Perth
252-463: A ban that lasted until 1954. In 1933, two-thirds of Western Australians voted in a referendum to secede from the Australian Federation . However, the state general election held at the same time as the referendum had voted out the incumbent "pro-independence" government, replacing it with a government that did not support the independence movement. Respecting the result of the referendum,
336-433: A convict-supported settlement at King George's Sound (later Albany ) on the south coast of Western Australia in 1826, responding to rumours of potential French annexation, Perth marked the first comprehensive European settlement in the western third of the continent of Australia in 1829. Officially designated as "Western Australia" in 1832, the colony retained the informal moniker "Swan River Colony" for many years, after
420-462: A diamond interchange with Reid Highway following a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) run along the aforementioned suburbs. Reid Highway runs uninterrupted under Wanneroo Road, where both ramp junctions are controlled by traffic lights. Wanneroo Road travels along the suburbs of Hamersley to the west of the road and Balga to the east, reaching a traffic light controlled intersection with Beach Road 1.9 km (1.2 mi) later. Following this intersection
504-501: A diverse influx of people, including Italians , Greeks , Dutch , Germans , Turks , Croats , and Macedonians . The Italian influence in the Perth and Fremantle area has been substantial, evident in places like the "Cappuccino strip" in Fremantle featuring many Italian eateries and shops. In Fremantle, the traditional Italian blessing of the fleet festival is held every year at the start of
588-621: A founding state of Australia". It was the last of the Australian colonies to agree to join the Federation, and it did so only after the other colonies had offered several concessions, including the construction of a transcontinental railway line from Port Augusta in South Australia to Kalgoorlie to link Perth with the eastern states. In 1927, Indigenous people were prohibited from entering large swathes of Perth under penalty of imprisonment,
672-658: A pattern of development less in line with the British experience and more in line with North America. This was encouraged by the opening of the Narrows Bridge and the gradual closure of the Perth-Fremantle Tramways . The mining-pastoral boom of the 1960s only accelerated the pace of urban growth in Perth. In 1962, Perth received global media attention when city residents lit their house lights and streetlights as American astronaut John Glenn passed overhead while orbiting
756-447: A population of more than 100,000 is Adelaide , over 2,100 km (1,305 mi) away. Perth is geographically closer to both East Timor (2,800 km or 1,700 mi), and Jakarta , Indonesia (3,000 km or 1,900 mi), than to Sydney (3,300 km or 2,100 mi). Perth is Australia's fourth-most-populous city, having overtaken Adelaide in 1984. In June 2023 there was an estimated resident population of 2,309,338 in
840-530: A route from Perth to Champion Bay (now Geraldton ) via Wanneroo, was published in the Government Gazette. However, the act of proclaiming the road was not contiguous with its development, and progress on surfacing the track occurred at a slow rate. A proposal to rename the road as "Yanchep Highway" was made in November 1940. The Perth Road Board (now City of Stirling ) was in favour of the proposal, subject to
924-809: A short section in Carabooda between Trian Road and Bernard Road South, with the remainder in the outer rural northern suburbs a two-lane single carriageway. The speed limit is predominantly 70 km/h (43 mph); however, it is 60 km/h (37 mph) south of Royal Street in Tuart Hill and within the Wanneroo Town Centre, 80 km/h (50 mph) north of Neerabup Road in Neerabup , and then 90 km/h (56 mph) north of Hester Avenue until its terminus in Yanchep. From its southern terminus to Beach Road ,
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#17328848564351008-478: A small area around the central business district. Substantial population growth occurred during the late 19th-century Western Australian gold rushes , and the city has continued to expand, particularly after World War II due to a high net migration rate . Post-war immigrants were predominantly from the British Isles and Southern Europe, while more recent arrivals see a growing population of Asian descent. During
1092-450: A substantial number of Parsees who emigrated from Bombay – Perth being the closest Australian city to India – in 2021 those with Indian ancestry accounted for 3.5% of Perth's population Perth is also home to the largest population of Anglo-Burmese in the world; many settled here following the independence of Burma in 1948 with immigration taking off after 1962. The city is now the cultural hub for Anglo-Burmese worldwide. There
1176-401: A traffic light controlled intersection with Flynn Drive and Neerabup Road 3.5 km (2.2 mi) later. The road continues to travel through Neerabup for 3.1 km (1.9 mi) before reaching a traffic light controlled T-junction with Hester Avenue. Within that stretch, alongside the road are portions of the original, narrow road that are now access roads for businesses and properties along
1260-476: Is 1,722 square kilometres (665 sq mi), the same as Wuhan or Salt Lake City and slightly smaller than London , making Perth the 67th largest urban area in the world. Perth is also the 50th least densely populated out of the 990 urban areas in the world with a population above 500,000. The metropolitan region is defined by the Planning and Development Act 2005 to include 30 local government areas , with
1344-513: Is 8.8 °C (47.8 °F) on 26 June 1956. It occasionally gets cold enough for frost to form. While snow has never been recorded in the Perth CBD, light snowfalls have been reported in outer suburbs of Perth in the Perth Hills around Kalamunda , Roleystone and Mundaring . The most recent snowfall was in 1968. The rainfall pattern has changed in Perth and southwest Western Australia since
1428-622: Is London Street (State Route 61) in Joondanna , where it continues southwards as Charles Street , and its northern terminus is at Yanchep Beach Road in Yanchep , where it continues northwards as Indian Ocean Drive . Maintained by Main Roads Western Australia , the road is mostly a four-lane dual carriageway (except within Balcatta where it is six lanes), namely south of Dunstan Road as well as
1512-559: Is a grade-separated interchange, but in a roundabout interchange configuration and Joondalup Drive free-flowing over the Wanneroo Road roundabout. After Joondalup Drive, development starts to become more sparse, and transitions from a suburban to rural landscape. Wanneroo Road travels through predominantly bushland in Neerabup (and along some residential development in Carramar ) before reaching
1596-460: Is also a substantial Anglo-Indian population in Perth, who also settled in the city following the independence of India. At the 2021 census, 2% of Perth's population identified as being Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander . At the 2021 census, 74% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being Mandarin (2.3%), Italian (1.1%), Vietnamese (1.0%), Punjabi (0.9%) and Cantonese (0.9%). 41.8% of
1680-674: Is on generally flat, rolling land, largely due to the high amount of sandy soils and deep bedrock . The Perth metropolitan area has two major river systems, one made up of the Swan and Canning Rivers, and one of the Serpentine and Murray Rivers, which discharge into the Peel Inlet at Mandurah . The Perth-Gingin Shrublands and Woodlands and Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain straddle
1764-640: Is within the traditional territory of the Mooro , a Noongar clan, led by Yellagonga at the time of the British settlement. The Mooro was one of several Noongar clans based around the Swan River, known collectively as the Whadjuk . The Whadjuk themselves were one of a larger group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar (meaning 'the people' in their language ), also sometimes called
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#17328848564351848-777: The Australian Bureau of Statistics ' Perth (Major Statistical Division). The metropolitan extent of Perth can be defined in other ways – the Australian Bureau of Statistics Greater Capital City Statistical Area, or Greater Perth in short, consists of that area, plus the City of Mandurah and the Pinjarra Level 2 Statistical Area of the Shire of Murray , while the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 includes
1932-652: The Australian Institute of Architects , and Colorbond . St Georges Terrace is the area's prominent street, with a large amount of office space in the CBD. Hay Street and Murray Street have most of the retail and entertainment facilities. The city's tallest building is Central Park , the twelfth tallest building in Australia . The CBD until 2012 was the centre of a mining-induced boom, with several commercial and residential projects being built, including Brookfield Place ,
2016-582: The British House of Commons , Sir George Murray . Murray's association with the city was included in Stirling's proclamation of the colony, read in Fremantle on 18 June 1829, which concluded with the statement, "Given under my hand and Seal at Perth this 18th Day of June 1829. James Stirling Lieutenant Governor". The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Charles Fremantle 's diary entry for 12 August 1829, which records that they "named
2100-708: The Perth Mint . The city is served by Fremantle Harbour and Perth Airport . It was a naval base for the Allies during World War II and today, the Royal Australian Navy 's Fleet Base West is located on Garden Island . All five of Western Australia's universities are based in Perth. The name of the city is taken from Perth, Scotland in honour of the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , and Member for Perthshire in
2184-454: The Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale in the Peel region . The largest river flowing through Perth is the Swan River, named for the native black swans by Willem de Vlamingh , captain of a Dutch expedition and namer of WA's Rottnest Island , who discovered the birds while exploring the area in 1697. This water body is also known as Derbarl Yerrigan . The city centre and most of the suburbs are on
2268-840: The Western Australian Government and the South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council negotiated the South West Native Title Settlement. This settlement, including the Whadjuk Indigenous Land Use Agreement over the Perth region, was finalised by the Federal Court on 1 December 2021. As part of this agreement, the Noongar (Koorah, Nitja, Boordahwan) (Past, Present, Future) Recognition Act was passed in 2016, officially recognising
2352-880: The fourth most populous city in Australia , with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth as of 2023 . It is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of Perth's metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the Swan River , upon which its central business district and port of Fremantle are situated. Perth
2436-532: The 1920s. Successive state governments, beginning with the Willcock Labor Government (1936–1945), determined to change this. Planning for post-war economic development was initially driven by Russell Dumas , who as Director of Public Works (1941–1953) drew up plans for Western Australia's major post-war public-works projects, including the raising of the Mundaring and Wellington dams, the development of
2520-412: The 2021 census respondents in Perth had no religion, as against 38.4% of national population. In 1911, the national figure was 0.4%. Marangaroo Drive Marangaroo Drive is an arterial east-west road located in the northern suburbs of Perth , Western Australia. This road was originally part of Warwick Road , but in the late 1970s, Warwick Road was realigned, so the section of Warwick Road that
2604-630: The Bibbulmun. On 19 September 2006, the Federal Court of Australia ruled in the case of Bennell v State of Western Australia [2006] FCA 1243 that Noongar native title persisted over Perth metropolitan area. An appeal was subsequently filed, and in 2008, the Full Court of the Federal Court upheld parts of the appeal by the Western Australian and Commonwealth governments. Following this appeal,
Wanneroo Road - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-515: The Carabooda area the road has been realigned. Short sections of the original, narrow road remain providing access to properties and businesses along the road. The road is also multiplexed with State Routes 81 and 83 for short lengths. Wanneroo Road is part of State Route 60, as an alternative route to the Mitchell Freeway (State Route 2) in Perth's northern suburbs. The road's southern terminus
2772-643: The City of Stirling, it straddles along the suburbs of Joondanna, Tuart Hill, and Yokine , encountering traffic light controlled intersections of Cape and Royal Streets. The first intersection with a major road is with Morley Drive , 2.5 km (1.6 mi) later. North of Morley Drive, it travels through the suburbs of Balcatta, Westminster, and Nollamara, during which it encounters traffic light controlled intersections at Nollamara Avenue, Amelia Street, Main Street, Balcatta Road, and Victoria Road/Halley Road, eventually reaching
2856-622: The Earth on Friendship 7 . This led to its being nicknamed the "City of Light". The city repeated the act as Glenn passed overhead on the Space Shuttle in 1998. Perth's development and relative prosperity, especially since the mid-1960s, has resulted from its role as the main service centre for the state's resource industries, which extract gold, iron ore, nickel, alumina, diamonds, mineral sands, coal, oil, and natural gas. Whilst most mineral and petroleum production takes place elsewhere in
2940-495: The Greater Perth area, representing an increase of approximately 3.6% from the 2022 estimate of 2,228,020, the highest growth rate of Australia's capital cities. At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were: Perth's population is notable for the high proportion of British- and Irish-born residents. At the 2021 Census, 169,938 England-born Perth residents were counted, ahead of even Sydney (151,614), despite
3024-508: The Noongar people and the Europeans arose due to these events. Agricultural development on the land restricted the traditional hunter-gatherer practices of the native Whadjuk Noongar, compelling them to camp in designated areas, including swamps and lakes north of the European settlement. Third Swamp , known to them as Boodjamooling , remained a primary campsite for the remaining Noongar people in
3108-469: The Noongar people as the traditional owners of the south-west region of Western Australia. On 10 January 1697, Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh conducted the first documented exploration by a European of the present-day Perth region. His crew initially explored the area on foot, leading them to what is now central Perth. Continuing, they travelled up the Swan River in search of native inhabitants. They named
3192-470: The Noongar people escalated due to conflicting land-value systems and increased land use as the colony expanded. These confrontations resulted in multiple events, including the murder of settlers (such as Thomas Peel 's servant Hugh Nesbitt ), the execution without trial of Whadjuk elder Midgegooroo , the killing of his son Yagan in 1833, and the Pinjarra massacre in 1834. The strained relations between
3276-410: The Perth area for at least 48,000 years; according to Noongar tradition, they have occupied the area since "time immemorial". Noongar country encompasses the southwest corner of Western Australia, with particular significance attached to the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain , both spiritually (featuring in local mythology ) and as a source of food. The current central business district location
3360-400: The Perth region, also accommodating travellers, itinerants, and homeless individuals. During the gold rush in the 1890s, miners on their way to the goldfields joined this community. In 1850, at a time when penal transportation to Australia's eastern colonies had ceased, Western Australia was opened to convicts at the request of farming and business people due to a shortage of labour. Over
3444-467: The T-junctions at Warwick Road and Marangaroo Drive are located within a close distance of each other, Wanneroo Road also carries State Route 81 between those two roads. A similar situation exists with Gnangara Road and Whitfords Avenue, except the short stretch between the two intersections carries State Route 83. After Whitfords Avenue, the road is exclusively within the City of Wanneroo, travelling along
Wanneroo Road - Misplaced Pages Continue
3528-569: The Wanneroo Road Board (now City of Wanneroo ) renaming their portion of Wanneroo Road, but the Wanneroo Road Board indicated that they would support a name change if it included Charles Street , in the Perth City Council area. No agreement was reached. The road represented the western terminus of the eastern section of Reid Highway between 1994 and 1996, when Reid Highway's missing link eventually made it continuous in 1996. In 2008,
3612-510: The area's major watercourse. On 4 June 1829, newly arriving British colonists had their first view of the mainland. Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia , noted that the site was "as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed". On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the second ship, Sulphur , felled a tree to commemorate the town's founding. From 1831 onward, confrontations between British settlers and
3696-528: The city's population. These are supported by the Australian Eurasian Association of Western Australia, which also serves a community of Portuguese-Malacca Eurasian or Kristang immigrants. Middle Eastern immigrants have a presence in Perth. They come from a variety of countries, including Saudi Arabia , Syria , Iran , Iraq , Israel , Lebanon , The United Arab Emirates , Oman , Yemen , and Afghanistan . The Indian community includes
3780-494: The council "does not agree" to renaming the road was passed instead. However, a subsequent renaming request was passed and the name Indian Ocean Drive was extended down to Yanchep Beach Road in 2011. During 2016 and 2019, significant portions of the road north of Joondalup Drive were duplicated: the section between Flynn Drive and north of Hall Road during 2016 and 2017 as part of the Mitchell Freeway extension works, and then
3864-774: The fishing season. In Northbridge every December is the San Nicola (Saint Nicholas) Festival, which involves a pageant followed by a concert, predominantly in Italian. Suburbs surrounding the Fremantle area, such as Spearwood and Hamilton Hill , also contain high concentrations of Italians, Croatians, and Portuguese. Perth has also been home to a small Jewish community since 1829 – numbering 6,331 in 2021 – who have emigrated primarily from Eastern Europe and more recently from South Africa. A more recent wave of arrivals includes White South Africans . South Africans overtook those born in Italy as
3948-468: The form of short-lived thunderstorms, weak cold fronts and on occasions decaying tropical cyclones from Western Australia's northwest, which can bring heavy rain. Temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) occur, on average, 26 days per year and rise above 40 °C (104 °F) on 5 days per year. The highest temperature recorded in Perth was 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) on 23 February 1991, although Perth Airport recorded 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) on
4032-529: The fourth-largest foreign group in 2001. By 2016, there were 35,262 South Africans residing in Perth. Many Afrikaners and Anglo-Africans emigrated to Perth during the 1980s and 1990s, with the phrase "packing for Perth" becoming associated with South Africans who choose to emigrate abroad, sometimes regardless of the destination. As a result, the city has been described as "the Australian capital of South Africans in exile". The reason for Perth's popularity among white South Africans has often been attributed to
4116-517: The industrial suburb of Wangara to the east and Woodvale to the west for around 2 km (1.2 mi), where there is evidence of new residential developments. Within Wangara a traffic light controlled T-junction with Prindiville Drive is encountered, before reaching Ocean Reef Road , which is a grade-separated interchange with Wanneroo Road free-flowing over traffic light junctions at Ocean Reef Road. North of Ocean Reef Road, Wanneroo Road travels along
4200-475: The intersection of Gingin Brook Road, reasoning that terminating Wanneroo Road at Yanchep National Park would "be good for tourism". However, Mayor Jon Kelly considered the proposal a "futile and worthless exercise that was tantamount to heresy". Other councillors called it "offensive to the pioneers" of Wanneroo, and wished to retain the name Wanneroo in the area's only main road. An alternative motion stating that
4284-454: The intersection with Ocean Reef Road ( SR84 ) was upgraded. A second left turn lane was added for drivers entering Ocean Reef Road westbound from Wanneroo Road from the north, a second right turn lane to enter Ocean Reef Road westbound, and a second left and right turn lane at Ocean Reef Road westbound. During 2010, Wanneroo Road was duplicated from Wallawa Street to Joondalup Drive. In 2013, traffic lights were installed at Hester Avenue, which
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#17328848564354368-470: The late 19th century, Western Australia experienced a mining boom. Perth became a key hub for supplying the goldfields, and the newfound prosperity helped finance the construction of important public buildings, roads, and railways. Perth's population grew from approximately 8,500 in 1881 to 61,000 in 1901. After a referendum in 1900, Western Australia joined the Federation of Australia in 1901, and "became
4452-595: The late 20th and early 21st centuries, a series of mining booms in various regions of Western Australia propelled Perth into the role of the regional headquarters for significant mining operations . Ranked as one of the world's most liveable cities , Perth was classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a Beta global city in 2020. As of 2021, Perth is divided into 30 local government areas , comprising over 350 suburbs . The metropolitan contours span 115 kilometres (71 mi) from Two Rocks in
4536-446: The latter having well over twice the population. The ethnic make-up of Perth changed in the second part of the 20th century when significant numbers of continental European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this, Perth's population had been almost completely Anglo-Celtic in ethnic origin. As Fremantle was the first landfall in Australia for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, Perth started to experience
4620-595: The location, the vast amount of land, and the slightly warmer climate compared to other large Australian cities – Perth has a Mediterranean climate reminiscent of Cape Town . Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Asia has become an increasingly significant source of migrants, with communities from Vietnam , Malaysia , Indonesia , Thailand , Singapore , Hong Kong , Mainland China , and India all now well-established. There were 112,293 persons of Chinese descent in Perth in 2016 – 5.3% of
4704-620: The metropolitan area. Perth receives moderate, though highly seasonal, winter-based rainfall. Summers are generally hot, sunny and dry, lasting from December to March, with February generally the hottest month. Winters are relatively mild and wet, giving Perth a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csa ). Perth has an average of 8.8 hours of sunshine per day, which equates to around 3,200 hours of sunshine and 138.7 clear days annually, making it Australia's sunniest capital city. Summers are typically hot and dry but not completely devoid of rain, with sporadic rainfall in
4788-485: The mid-1970s. A significant reduction in winter rainfall has been observed with a greater number of extreme rainfall events in the summer, such as the slow-moving storms on 8 February 1992 that brought 120.6 millimetres (4.75 in) of rain, heavy rainfall associated with a tropical low on 10 February 2017, which brought 114.4 millimetres (4.50 in) of rain, and the remnants of ex-Tropical Cyclone Joyce on 15 January 2018 with 96.2 millimetres (3.79 in). Perth
4872-513: The name Byerbrup for "the highland stretching along from Mount Eliza through the centre of the town of Perth". In 1947, Ludwig Glauert posited that Lyon may have misunderstood his sources and that "boorloo" or "belo" (now transcribed as "bilya") is simply the Noongar word for "river". Another source has interpreted Boorloo to mean "big swamp", describing the chain of lakes where the central business district and Northbridge are situated. Archaeological evidence attests to human habitation in
4956-501: The new Perth Airport, and the development of a new industrial zone centred on Kwinana. The advent of the McLarty Liberal Government (1947–1953) saw the emergence of something of a consensus on the need for continuing economic development. Economic growth was fuelled by large-scale public works, the post-war immigration program, and the success that various state governments had in attracting substantial foreign investment into
5040-508: The new government nonetheless petitioned the Imperial Parliament at Westminster. The House of Commons established a select committee to consider the issue but after 18 months of negotiations and lobbying, finally refused to consider the matter, declaring that it could not legally grant secession. Perth entered the post-war period with a population of approximately 280,000 and an economy that had not experienced sustained growth since
5124-517: The next eighteen years, 9,721 convicts arrived in Western Australia aboard 43 ships , outnumbering the approximately 7,300 free settlers. The designation of Perth as a city was formally announced by Queen Victoria in 1856. However, despite this recognition, Perth remained a tranquil town. A description from 1870 by a Melbourne journalist depicted it as: a quiet little town of some 3000 inhabitants spread out in straggling allotments down to
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#17328848564355208-416: The north to Singleton in the south, and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the west coast to Sawyers Valley in the east. Beyond the central business district, predominant urban centres within the metropolitan area include Armadale , Fremantle , Joondalup , Midland , and Rockingham . Most of those were originally established as separate settlements and retained a distinct identity after being subsumed into
5292-459: The northern limit of the Perth metropolitan area (namely in the Wheatbelt region), such as Lancelin , Cervantes , and Jurien Bay . Indian Ocean Drive would eventually reach Brand Highway as the main route northwards to Geraldton . After the enactment of the Road Districts Act 1871, the Perth Road Board requested that the Legislative Council proclaim eight public thoroughfares through its territory, and on 4 June 1872, Road No.3, intended as
5376-449: The northernmost link to both the Mitchell Freeway and fellow arterial road Marmion Avenue . The dual carriage way continues as such for 4.3 km (2.7 mi) until Bernard Road South, reducing to a single carriageway once again. After about 4 km (2.5 mi), Wanneroo Road terminates at a T-junction with Yanchep Beach Road, with the road (and State Route 60) continuing northwards as Indian Ocean Drive to coastal localities beyond
5460-408: The outer extent being the City of Wanneroo and the City of Swan to the north, the Shire of Mundaring , City of Kalamunda and the City of Armadale to the east, the Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale to the southeast and the City of Rockingham to the southwest, and including Rottnest Island and Garden Island off the west coast. This extent correlates with the Metropolitan Region Scheme , and
5544-452: The region, interspersed with clear and sunny days where minimum temperatures tend to drop below 5 °C (41 °F). The lowest temperature recorded in Perth was −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) on 17 June 2006. The lowest temperature within the Perth metropolitan area was −3.4 °C (25.9 °F) on the same day at Jandakot Airport , although temperatures at or below zero are rare occurrences. The lowest maximum temperature recorded in Perth
5628-596: The residential suburbs of Pearsall and Hocking for around 2.5 km (1.6 mi) before entering the Wanneroo town centre. Running within the town centre for 1.7 km (1.1 mi) it intersects with Conlan Avenue/Hastings Street (providing access to Wanneroo Central Shopping Centre) and Dundebar Road. The road then travels through the residential suburbs of Sinagra , Ashby , and Tapping for 4.1 km (2.5 mi), during which it intersects with Pinjar Road and Wallawa Street at traffic light T-junctions, and eventually reaches Joondalup Drive . Like Ocean Reef Road, this
5712-435: The river Swarte Swaene-Revier , a reference to the black swans prevalent in the region. After Vlamingh's observations, other Europeans conducted further voyages of exploration in the period between 1697 and 1829. However, as with Vlamingh's assessments, they judged the area inhospitable and unsuitable for the agriculture necessary to sustain a European-style settlement. Despite the Colony of New South Wales establishing
5796-451: The road forms the boundaries of both the City of Joondalup and Wanneroo LGAs. Wanneroo Road then travels through numerous residential suburbs, including Girrawheen and Madeley , for 4.8 km (3.0 mi) on approach to the industrial suburb of Wangara , intersecting with traffic lights at Warwick Road , Marangaroo Drive , Hepburn Avenue (near the Kingsway City Shopping Centre), Kingsway, Gnangara Road and Whitfords Avenue . Because
5880-436: The road is within the City of Stirling local government area (LGA), after which it forms the boundary between the City of Joondalup and Wanneroo LGAs — this remains as such until Whitfords Avenue, where it is exclusively within the City of Wanneroo for the remainder of its length. Wanneroo Road starts as the continuation of Charles Street from the south at the traffic light Y-intersection at London Street. Commencing within
5964-478: The route. Now within the suburb of Nowergup , the road reduces to a two-lane single carriageway 2.6 km (1.6 mi) north of that intersection, which continues as such until 400 m (0.25 mi) south of the intersection with Romeo and Karoborup Roads where a four-lane single carriageway reappears. The intersection, on the boundary between Nowergup and Carabooda , is the northernmost signalised intersection on Wanneroo Road, with Romeo Road currently providing
6048-582: The same day. On most summer afternoons a sea breeze , known locally as the Fremantle Doctor , blows from the southwest, providing relief from the hot northeasterly winds. Temperatures often fall below 30 °C (86 °F) a few hours after the arrival of the wind change. In the summer, the 3 pm dewpoint averages at around 12 °C (54 °F). Winters are mild and wet, with most of Perth's annual rainfall between May and September. Winters see significant rainfall as frontal systems move across
6132-535: The sandy and relatively flat Swan Coastal Plain , which lies between the Darling Scarp and the Indian Ocean . The soils of this area are quite infertile. Much of colonial Perth was built on the Perth Wetlands , a series of freshwater wetlands running from Herdsman Lake in the west through to Claisebrook Cove in the east. To the east, the city is bordered by a low escarpment called the Darling Scarp. Perth
6216-467: The section between Joondalup Drive and the Flynn Drive/Neerabup Road intersection between 2018 and 2019. Work also started in 2018 to convert the existing traffic light intersections with Ocean Reef Road and Joondalup Drive to grade-separated interchanges, with both works completed by 2020. Perth Perth ( Nyungar : Boorloo ) is the capital city of Western Australia . It is
6300-541: The state, beginning with the construction of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Refinery at Kwinana in 1951–52. The result of this economic activity was the rapid growth of the population of Perth and a marked change in its urban design. Commencing in the 1950s, Perth began to expand along an extensive highway network laid out in the Stephenson-Hepburn Report , which noted that Perth was beginning to resemble
6384-426: The state, the non-base services provide most of the employment and income to the people of Perth. Perth experienced a period of recovery in 1990. In July 1994, the state government separated the city's CBD from its suburban districts, creating the City of Perth and three other local government areas. The central business district of Perth is bounded by the Swan River to the south and east, with Kings Park on
6468-476: The town Perth according to the wishes of Sir George Murray". Since 2019, the Noongar name Boorloo has been recognised as denoting the central business district , the local government area , or the capital city in general. The name Boorloo was initially recorded by Robert Menli Lyon as Boorlo in 1833, which was interpreted as "Perth, properly Point Fraser" (a location in East Perth ). He also gave
6552-453: The water's edge, intermingled with gardens and shrubberies and half rural in its aspect ... The main streets are macadamised, but the outlying ones and most of the footpaths retain their native state from the loose sand — the all pervading element of Western Australia — productive of intense glare or much dust in the summer and dissolving into slush during the rainy season. With the discovery of gold at Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie in
6636-474: The western end and the railway reserve as the northern border. A state and federally funded project named Perth City Link sank a section of the railway line to allow easy pedestrian access between Northbridge and the CBD. The Perth Arena is an entertainment and sporting arena in the city link area that has received several architectural awards from institutions such as the Design Institute of Australia ,
6720-555: The wider metropolitan area. Mandurah , Western Australia's second-largest city, forms a conurbation with Perth along the coastline. Despite this, it is generally regarded as an independent city. Perth features several important public buildings, as well as cultural and heritage sites . The city has various notable government buildings, including the Parliament House , Government House , the Supreme Court Buildings and
6804-526: Was also hit by a severe thunderstorm on 22 March 2010, which brought 40.2 mm (1.58 in) of rain, and large hail and caused significant damage in the metropolitan area. The average sea temperature ranges from 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) in October to 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) in March. With more than two million residents, Perth is one of the most isolated major cities in the world. The nearest city with
6888-419: Was east of Wanneroo Road was discontinuous with the part that was west. The part that was east was renamed Marangaroo Drive, after the suburb Marangaroo . Marangaroo Drive is now extended through the suburb of Ballajura so it connects with Hepburn Avenue . Marangaroo Drive is now part of State Route 81 , which Warwick Road is also a part of, connected by a small part of Wanneroo road. This route connects
6972-591: Was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . The city is situated on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk Noongar people, where Aboriginal Australians have lived for at least 45,000 years. Perth was named after the city of Perth in Scotland . Perth was proclaimed as a city by Queen Victoria in 1856, although the City of Perth currently governs only
7056-401: Was later duplicated in 2017 as part of the Mitchell Freeway extension works. In December 2010, the state's Geographic Names Committee, on behalf of the Shire of Gingin , requested that the City of Wanneroo rename the northern section of Wanneroo Road to Indian Ocean Drive . A motion was put forward at the 14 December 2010 council meeting to rename the section from Yanchep Beach Road north to
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