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49-518: Wanbi is a township on the Karoonda Highway in the Australian state of South Australia , about 160 kilometres (99 mi) east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 56 kilometres (35 mi) north-east of the municipal seat of Karoonda . Situated on a ridgeline covered by mallee trees, it has a one-street layout common to many South Australian townships. A hotel, advertised as being "in

98-454: A commune-level town ( thị trấn ) is similar to a township; it is a subdivision of a rural district ( huyện ) and is the lowest administration subdivision in the country. In Zimbabwe , the term township was used for segregated parts of suburban areas. During colonial years in Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for Black citizens within the boundaries of

147-554: A junction when the Yinkanie branchline was opened. Wanbi became busier, meeting some of the needs of the branchline communities and railway staff alike. However, in the mid-1960s, the Moorook citrus-fruit cooperatives ceased sending their product by rail from Yinkanie, removing a large portion of the paying freight handled at the terminus. Along the line, grain and superphosphate lingered on, together with some general freight, until 1971, when

196-518: A Norman style chosen by the abbey or priory to which each church had been granted. St Mary and St Martin being given to Cerisy Abbey. In 1496, Henry VII bribed the Pope to allow Jersey to be moved from the diocese of Coutances to Westminster. The Reformation arrived in Jersey from France, making Calvinism rather than Anglicanism as the major form of Protestantism in Jersey. Due to Jersey's self-governance and

245-577: A city or town and is still commonly used colloquially. This reflected the South African usage. In present-day Zimbabwe, the term is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point. Parishes of Jersey The parishes of Jersey ( Jerriais : Les pâraisses dé Jèrri ) are the civil and religious administrative districts of Jersey in the Channel Islands . There are twelve in total; all have access to

294-565: A day, as they share a patron saint). In order to maintain the historic ties to the Church of England there is a Rectorate comprising the Connétable and Procureurs, and the Rector and Churchwardens. Oversees the operation of the largest church within the parochial boundary. Each parish is headed by a Connétable ( English : Constable; Jèrriais : Connêtabl'ye ) who is elected for a four-year period by

343-533: A member of the Honorary Police if, on the day of nomination, they are at least 20 years of age and less than 70 years of age. Honorary Police officers are on duty for one week at a time, usually every 3 or 4 weeks depending upon the roster within the Parish, and are on call 24 hours a day during that period. Honorary Police officers are elected to serve the Parish but in certain circumstances may assist or operate outside

392-497: A precise legal meaning and is used on land titles in all areas regardless of the demographics of the respective region. In Taiwan , townships are administered by a county together with a county-administered city . There are three types of townships in Taiwan: urban townships, rural townships, and mountain indigenous townships. Mountain indigenous townships are those with significant populations of Taiwanese aborigines . In England ,

441-713: A rural area. The term is generally comparable to that of a village in England. In the Philippines , townships refer to administrative divisions established during the American Civil Government in the country. Many of these political divisions were originally established as rancherias during the Spanish Regime . The term was later replaced with " municipal district ". Most municipal districts would later be converted into regular municipalities by executive orders from

490-477: A small town; in the cases of predominant Jewish population the latter is sometimes translated as shtetl ). In South Africa under apartheid , the term "township" was used to describe residential developments that confined non-Whites, including Blacks, Coloureds, and Indians, living near or working in White-only communities. Soweto and Mdantsane were both prominent townships under apartheid. The term also has

539-478: A unit of government. Townships are governed as part of a larger council (such as that of a shire , district or city ) or authority. In Canada , two kinds of township occur in common use: In China , townships are found at the fourth level of the administrative hierarchy , below counties , districts , and county level cities but above villages and communities, together with ethnic townships , towns and subdistricts . In India , townships are found at

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588-467: Is an old spelling for Gorey, containing St Martin, St Saviour, Grouville and St Clement; Groceio could derive from de Gruchy, and contains St John, Trinity, St Lawrence and St Helier; and Crapoudoit, likely referring to the stream of St Peter's Valley, contains the remainder of the parishes in the West. This was a time of building or extending churches with most parish churches in the island being built/rebuilt in

637-401: Is empowered to enter into contracts on behalf of the parish if so authorised by a Parish Assembly. Centeniers ( Jèrriais : Chent'nyi ) are the highest ranking police officers in Jersey and are elected at a public election within each parish for a term of three years to undertake policing within the parish. The centenier is the only officer authorised to charge and bail offenders. Formerly,

686-585: Is much more important in Jersey than in England or post-Napoleon France. The uniformity of the parishes in size ensured their dominance over the feudal boundaries. The uniformity may in fact be designed out of a reorganisation of the Diocese of Coutances in the twelfth century by Archbishop Geoffrey de Montbrai , following Viking raids of the islands. The new boundaries paid little heed to the fiefs or to geographical factors (hence why Gorey and St. Aubin are not parish centres, despite being populated). By Norman times,

735-555: Is the highway authority for parish roads in each parish. In accordance with the Loi (1914) sur la Voirie it superintends the repair and maintenance of by-roads in the parish, establishes boundary stones, issues Choses Publiques licenses, examines planning applications that fall within its responsibilities, supervises refuse collection, adjudicates fines during the Visite du Branchage , and proposes new road names, as may be necessary, for approval by

784-459: Is the ancient practice of l'ouie de paroisse - the recording of contracts, court decisions and legislation by the parishes. In 1545, the States set up a system of districts based on parish boundaries for defensive purposes. This started the relationship between the parish and the military. Archery ranges, parade grounds and arsenals known as Les Buttes were set up in various parish centres. In

833-586: Is the decision-making body of local government, comprising ratepayers (including mandataires ) and electors of the parish . The Parish Assembly: The religious heads of the parishes are the Rectors . The responsibilities of the Rector have changed over time, but they have at times: represented the Church and their parish in the States and presided over parish assemblies on religious matters. They were originally appointed by religious heads in mainland Normandy. However, since

882-630: The Honorary Police . Supplementary bodies are also elected to serve specific needs; in the largest parish St Helier these include; the Accounts Committee , the Welfare Board , and the Youth Council . Matters of import are brought before a gathering of the municipality and members of the public for consideration and vote. A Parish Assembly ( Jèrriais : Assembliée dé Pâraisse ) in Jersey

931-553: The National Land Code , adopted in 1965. In New Zealand , towns and townships no longer exist; all land is part of either a city , which is mostly urban, or a district , which is mostly rural. Since 1979, municipalities have existed in New Zealand but are rare and not formally defined legally. As a term, however, townships are still in common usage in New Zealand, used in referring to a small town or urban community located in

980-676: The Roads Committee are carried out. Their chief role is the annual Visite du Branchage and the triennial Visite Royale . In the Parish of St Helier , the Roads Inspectors also undertake additional non-statutory responsibilities with regard to the policing of infractions of the Road Traffic Act (Jersey) and other areas of the law within the parochial remit such as dog licensing and fly posting. They also serve as conduits of information to

1029-517: The Royal Court . There is an Honorary Police ( French : Police honorifique ) force in each parish in Jersey. Honorary Police officers have, for centuries, been elected by parishioners to assist the Connétable of the Parish to maintain law and order. Officers are elected as Centeniers, Vingteniers or Constable's Officers each with various duties and responsibilities. The Honorary Police provided

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1078-514: The United States : civil and survey. A state may have one or both types. In states that have both, the boundaries often coincide in many counties. In the first U.S. census of Puerto Rico , the population centers known as townships were referred to as " barrios ," a term first used when Puerto Rico was under Spanish colonial rule . Like townships in most U.S. states, barrios are subdivisions and function as municipalities . In Vietnam ,

1127-572: The Highlands generally the term may describe a very small agrarian community . In Wales , the term "township" is used to describe a population center created by an Act of Parliament in 1539, such as the Townships in Montgomeryshire . In the United States , a township is a subdivision of a county and is usually 36 square miles (about 93 square kilometres) in area. There are two types of townships in

1176-605: The Parish Assembly. The Connétable presides over the Roads Committee, which also includes the Rector and three Principals of the Parish [five Principals for St Helier] elected for a term of three years by the Parish Assembly. Instructions are passed to Roads Inspectors whose duty it is to ensure that the repairs are carried out. In St Helier, the larger Roads Committee also undertakes additional non-statutory responsibilities with regard to parks and other matters, and acts, in

1225-509: The Parish. Anyone standing for election as a member of the Honorary Police will have to undergo a criminal record check. The Parish Assembly elects two Roads Inspectors for each Vingtaine [or Cueillette in St Ouen] for a three-year term of office in accordance with the Loi (1914) sur la Voirie. Roads Inspectors are responsible for the repair of by-roads of the Parish and have to ensure the instructions of

1274-636: The Philippine president. Mambukal , a hill station geographically located in Murcia, Negros Occidental , is the only legally constituted township in the Philippines, created under Republic Act No. 1964, approved in June 1957. As a term, the word "township" in the Philippines is used to refer to new developments with their own amenities, including both vertical and horizontal projects. The modern and largest townships in

1323-917: The Philippines are New Clark City with 9,450 hectares in Capas of Tarlac , Hamilo Coast with 5,900 hectares in Nasugbu of Batangas , Nuvali with 2,290 hectares in Santa Rosa of Laguna , Lancaster New City with 2,000 hectares in Kawit Imus GenTri of Cavite , Vista City with 1,500 hectares in Las Piñas Muntinlupa of Metro Manila , and Dasmariñas of Cavite, Twin Lakes with 1,149 hectares in Tagaytay of Cavite and Alviera with 1,125 hectares in Porac of Pampanga . The majority of

1372-502: The absence of a municipal council, as an advisory body to the Connétable . By convention, the two Procureurs du Bien Public of St Helier attend meetings of the Roads Committee, but cannot vote. The Parish is further divided into Vingtaines ( Jèrriais : Vîngt'nyi ) (or, in St Ouen , Cueillettes). Each vingtaine is represented by two Vingteniers , two Roads Inspectors and three Constable's Officers . All are elected and sworn officers of

1421-435: The branch was closed. In 1996, the mainline through Wanbi, en route to Loxton was converted to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge. In 2015, that line also closed. This South Australia geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Township Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area , that tends to be an exception to

1470-535: The connection between the ecclesiastical functions of ancient parishes and the civil administrative functions that had been introduced in these areas beginning in the 16th century. As of the 21st century, some councils, mostly in Northern England , have revived the term. In Scotland , the term is still used for some rural settlements. In parts of the Highlands and Islands , a township is a crofting settlement. In

1519-462: The current townships are near Metro Manila, which permits faster access to the capital region by road or rail transport. The former Russian Empire , Soviet Union , and Commonwealth of Independent States states is sometimes used to denote a small semi-urban, sometimes industrial, settlement and used to translate the terms поселок городского типа ( townlet ), посад ( posad ), местечко ( mestechko , from Polish " miasteczko ",

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1568-470: The distinctive parish structure in Jersey, the Crown allowed Calvinism to establish itself in Jersey until 1620. This form of Christianity privileged the position of the parish generally, which maintained and boosted the role of the parish within the country's cultural mindset and political structure. In the 19th century, the Church of England experienced a reduction in its role in civil affairs, including within

1617-473: The fourth level of the city. In Jersey , township is a redundant term, as the only surviving local government level at present are the 12 parishes of the island. In Malaysia , townships are found at the third level of the administrative hierarchy , is a subdivision of a daerah ( district or county ) or autonomous sub-district ( daerah kecil ), while above kampung ( village ) and taman (residential neighbourhood) as defined in

1666-464: The heart of the scrub , stumps and sand", was built in 1932, when commercial activity was increasing and a general store, cream depot and several houses – most housing South Australian Railways employees – were present. Like much of the central and northern parts of the Murraylands , the sandy soil, inferior for cropping, was not attractive to would-be farmers. When it became evident that settlement

1715-551: The modern parish is similar to local government structures in other countries, with the parishes having powers over waste collection, law enforcement and roads maintenance. These responsibilities are mostly shared with the States . Eleven of the twelve parishes are named for the saint of their parish church. The remaining parish's church does not have a saint, but the parish is still named for its church. Such uniform naming would be fairly unusual for parishes in England . In Jèrriais,

1764-454: The only law enforcement prior to the appointment of paid police officers for the Parish of St Helier in 1853 and later to serve the whole Island. The Honorary Police still provide an essential and very valuable service to the parish and community. These officers are elected for a period of three years and take an oath in the Royal Court. All Honorary Police officers must live in the Parish at

1813-462: The parish (elected at a public election since 2003 in accordance with the Public Elections (Amendment) (Jersey) Law 2003 ; formerly an Assembly of Electors of each parish elected the procureurs in accordance with the Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales ). A Procureur du Bien Public is elected for a mandate of three years as a public trustee for the funds and property of the parish and

1862-488: The parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since. It was likely set in place due to the tithe system under Charlemagne , where each property must contribute to the church, so each property would have had to be established within a parish. Although in France the role of the parishes remained strictly ecclesiastical, in Jersey the parishes adopted a role in secular administration as well. For example, there

1911-467: The parishes have named groupings: the northern parishes are called les pâraisses d'amout (uphill parishes) and the southern and western parishes are called les pâraisses d'ava (sloped parishes). The origins of the Jersey parishes is unknown, however it is certain that they are ancient institutions. It has been suggested that the five central parishes (St Saviour, St John, St Mary, St Peter and St Lawrence) date to around 475 AD. The parish system

1960-436: The parishes rarely share the same boundaries as the ancient fiefs of Jersey. The parishes do not all have nucleated settlements around villages. Each parish has a visual identity in the form of a parish crest, which are present on some street signs. These were created for the visit of George V in 1921. Each parish also has a day, normally the feast day of the parish patron saint (for this reason Grouville and St Martin share

2009-423: The parishes. The codification of the island's laws and subsequent reforms, brought on by the popularity of Nonconformism and the acceptance of religious pluralism , re-distributed the balance of power between the civil and religious parts of the parishes. Nevertheless, the offices of the parish were still closely related to the Church, so Nonconformists were generally excluded from parish roles. The boundaries of

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2058-520: The residents of the parish. In 2018, eleven of the twelve Connétables were re-elected unopposed. Connétables have the right ex officio to be members of the States Assembly . The Connétables of all 12 parishes meet at the Comité des Connétables to discuss matters that affect all parishes, such as rates. The Procureur du Bien Public (two in each parish) is the legal and financial representative of

2107-416: The rule. In Australia , Canada , Scotland , and parts of the United States , the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban. The Australian National Dictionary defines a township as "a site reserved for and laid out as a town ; such a site at an early stage of its occupation and development; a small town". The term refers purely to the settlement; it does not refer to

2156-456: The sea and share a name with their ancient parish churches. The parishes and the roles within their structures are ancient; some of the parishes perhaps date to the fifth century AD. They are governed by principles and customs that form part of the Norman customary law from which Jersey law originates. As such, many of the parish roles and structures have often been ill-defined. The main role of

2205-523: The senior centenier of each parish (known as the Chef de Police) was the Constable's deputy in the States of Jersey when the Constable was unable to attend a sitting of the States — this function has been abolished. A Roads Committee of five elected principals is also available to offer advice on a range of issues; chiefly related to the roads. In Jersey, the Roads Committee (French: Comité des Chemins )

2254-403: The term "township" is no longer in official use, but still maintains some meaning, typically used to describe subdivisions of large parishes for administrative purposes. This definition became legally obsolete at the end of the 19th century when local government reform converted many townships that had been subdivisions of ancient parishes into the newer civil parishes , which formally separated

2303-674: The thirteenth century, parishioners had become split into two categories: the principaux and the parvuli. The principaux were the wealthier parishioners and were eligible to rule the parishes. The criteria to be considered a principal differed by parish and was determined by the amount of rate paid on property. According to the Rolls of the Norman Exchequer, in 1180 Jersey was divided for administrative purposes into three ministeria: de Gorroic , de Groceio and de Crapoudoit (possibly containing four parishes each). Gorroic

2352-464: The time of their first election or, in the case of St Helier, be a ratepayer or mandataire of that Parish. If an officer moves out of the Parish during her/his term of office, they may continue their term of office with the approval of the Attorney General and the Connétable of the Parish and may stand for re-election provided there is no break in service. A person may be nominated for election as

2401-489: Was unlikely to proceed outward from the river to such areas, the state government decided – in contrast to its policy elsewhere of building railways following settlement – that the Mallee could only be opened up for settlement if the railway were built first. Wanbi railway station was established in 1912 on the 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad-gauge railway line built to Paringa . Thirteen years later, it became

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