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44-547: The park itself is listed at grade II on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England . Within its boundaries are additional statutory protected structures: Pitzhanger Manor & Gallery (listed Grade I ) and Lodge (listed Grade II). Other attractions featured in its grounds include the late Victorian ornamental Serpentine Lake, bordering the House's rear lawn, and

88-426: A sunk fence , blind fence , ditch and fence , deer wall , or foss , is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier (particularly on one side) while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond from the other side. The name comes from viewers' surprise when seeing the construction. The design can include a turfed incline that slopes downward to a sharply vertical face (typically

132-405: A "leapyeat". In Britain, the ha-ha is a feature of the landscape gardens laid out by Charles Bridgeman and William Kent and was an essential component of the "swept" views of Capability Brown . Horace Walpole credits Bridgeman with the invention of the ha-ha but was unaware of the earlier French origins. The contiguous ground of the park without the sunk fence was to be harmonized with

176-453: A ditch with one steep side surmounted by a pale (picket-style fence made of wooden stakes) or hedge, which allowed deer to enter the park but not to leave. Since the time of the Norman conquest of England the right to construct a deer-leap was granted by the king, with reservations made as to the depth of the foss or ditch and the height of the pale or hedge. On Dartmoor, the deer-leap was known as

220-467: A ha-ha is at the Washington Monument to minimise the visual impact of security measures. After 9/11 and another unrelated terror threat at the monument, authorities had put up jersey barriers to prevent large motor vehicles from approaching the monument. The temporary barriers were later replaced with a new ha-ha, a low 0.76 m (30-inch) granite stone wall that incorporated lighting and doubled as

264-631: A large ha-ha that provides an uninterrupted view of Royal Victoria Park . In Australia, ha-has were also used at Victorian-era lunatic asylums such as Yarra Bend Asylum , Beechworth Asylum , and Kew Lunatic Asylum in Victoria, and the Parkside Lunatic Asylum in South Australia. From the inside, the walls presented a tall face to patients, preventing them from escaping, while from outside they looked low so as not to suggest imprisonment. For

308-465: A less intrusive structure, and the ground provides additional insulation. Most typically, ha-has are still found in the grounds of grand country houses and estates. They keep cattle and sheep out of the formal gardens, without the need for obtrusive fencing. They vary in depth from about 0.6 m (2 ft) ( Horton House ) to 2.7 m (9 ft) ( Petworth House ). Beningbrough Hall in Yorkshire

352-496: A masonry retaining wall ). Ha-has are used in landscape design to prevent access to a garden by, for example, grazing livestock, without obstructing views. In security design, the element is used to deter vehicular access to a site while minimising visual obstruction. The name ha-ha is of French origin, and was first used in print in Dezallier d'Argenville 's 1709 book The Theory and Practice of Gardening , in which he explains that

396-453: A mile in circumference. The sides of the pond nearest Pitzhanger Manor were planted with shrubs and other plants. Soane's Manor then became Ealing Borough's central public lending library. The library vacated the site in 1984. Work then began on researching the building to discover the original décor and renovating it back to how it had been in Soane's day. A library extension that had been built on

440-424: A mixture of ornamental shrubs and bushes. The pond itself was made to look as though it was a small gently flowing brook. A contemporary drawing of the manor house in the museum suggests that, at the time of Soane, this pond was much deeper. It was from its sides that John Soane and his friend J. M. W. Turner (the artist) would sit and fish. As the grounds to the west were pastoral it is quite possible that this pond

484-457: A pond further west with a pair of fountains – both of which attract waterfowl. Pitzhanger Manor and its grounds (later Walpole Park) was once owned by the influential British architect, Sir John Soane, who bought it in 1800. During 1800 to 1803, Soane transformed Pitzhanger Manor's architecture and hired landscape gardener, John Haverfield to transform its grounds. Its ownership changed hands several times after Soane sold it in 1810. Eventually it

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528-532: A prosecution may result. The register is also used in influencing management decisions, to improve public awareness of important parks and elements within them and to encourage their owners to preserve and maintain them. Gardening and landscape design have long been important preoccupations to the British and, although a wealth of historic parks and gardens exist, they are a fragile and finite resource: they can easily be damaged beyond repair or lost forever. Since 1995,

572-563: A scale, Grade I being internationally significant sites are therefore the most important and constitute around 10% of the total number. Historically important gardens are Grade II* (about 30% of the total) and the remainder are of regional or national importance and are Grade II registered. Separate registers of parks, gardens and designed landscapes are maintained in the other countries of the United Kingdom : Ha-ha A ha-ha ( French : hâ-hâ or saut de loup ), also known as

616-594: A statutory protection of Grade II listed. Next to the bench is a memorial plaque dedicated to Charles Jones , an architect who lived in Ealing, designed Ealing Town Hall , and served as the town's mayor. Ealing Broadway is the nearest National Rail and London Underground station to Walpole Park's main entrance, being an 8-minute walk from the site. It is connected by the District and Central line , and 9-minute journey from Paddington station . South Ealing tube station

660-470: A sudden and unperceived check to their walk." Thomas Jefferson , describing the garden at Stowe after his visit in April 1786, also uses the term with exclamation marks: "The inclosure is entirely by ha! ha! " George Washington called it both a "ha haw" and a "deer wall" . Before mechanical lawn mowers, a common way to keep large areas of grassland trimmed was to allow livestock, usually sheep, to graze

704-418: Is 10 feet high and spans 50 yards of the park's northern perimeter, from Walpole's entrance arch to the public conveniences. Pitzhanger Manor's archway was originally produced by John Soane as his Manor's entrance, and is now in use as the park's main entryway. A Grade I listing, the arch is still made of the original brick and flint materials used by Soane. It is located horizontal to Pitzhanger's front-face at

748-470: Is a feature of the gardens of the Château de Meudon , circa 1700. In a letter to Daniel Dering in 1724, John Perceval (grandfather to the prime minister Spencer Perceval ), observed of Stowe : What adds to the beauty of this garden is, that it is not bounded by walls, but by a ha-hah, which leaves you the sight of the beautiful woody country, and makes you ignorant how far the high planted walks extend. In

792-562: Is maintained in a good state of preservation by the Ministry of Defence . It is a Listed Building , and is accompanied by Ha-Ha Road that runs alongside its full length. There is a shorter ha-ha in the grounds of the nearby Jacobean Charlton House . The Royal Crescent row of 30 terraced houses in Bath, Somerset , which were built between 1767 and 1774 in the Georgian architecture style, also feature

836-522: Is separated from its extensive grounds by a ha-ha to prevent sheep and cattle from entering the Hall's gardens or the Hall itself. An unusually long example is the ha-ha that separates the Royal Artillery Barracks Field from Woolwich Common in southeast London . This deep ha-ha was installed around 1774 to prevent sheep and cattle, grazing at a stopover on Woolwich Common on their journey to

880-466: Is the closest on the Piccadilly line , with a 15-minute walk to Walpole's main entry or a 5-minute bus journey (via 65). There are several London buses which stop within a short walk to Walpole: 65, 207, 427, 607, E1, E11, 112, E2, E7, E8, E9, E10, 483, 226, 297. In particular, the 65 from Ealing Broadway Station to Ealing Broadway Shopping Centre provides a 2-minute walk to the park's entrance. Likewise,

924-556: The Association of Gardens Trusts and the University of York ). This site does not claim to have any statutory authority and includes a wider range of sites across the UK. Eligibility for the register is based around documentary research and field survey which attempts to classify and date each park according to set criteria. These are: As with listed buildings, parks and gardens are graded on

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968-514: The Garden History Society has been a statutory consultee in relation to planning proposals which affect historic designed landscapes identified by Historic England as being of national significance and which are included on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. This means that when a planning authority receives a planning application which affects a site on

1012-464: The 18th century, they were often called a sunken or sunk fence, at least in formal writing, as by Horace Walpole , George Mason , and Humphry Repton . Walpole also referred to them as Kent-fences, named after William Kent. Walpole surmised that the name is derived from the response of ordinary folk on encountering them and that they were "then deemed so astonishing, that the common people called them Ha! Has! to express their surprise at finding

1056-589: The E2, E7 and E8 from Ealing Broadway Station to Ealing Town Hall all offer a 5-minute walk. Ealing Summer Festivals host annual events in Walpole Park during the summer months. Its programme features: National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings . The register

1100-610: The London meat markets, from wandering onto the Royal Artillery gunnery range. A rare feature of this east-west ha-ha is that the normally hidden brick wall emerges above ground for its final 75 yards (70 metres) or so as the land falls away to the west, revealing a fine batter to the brickwork face of the wall, thus exposed. This final west section of the ha-ha forms the boundary of the Gatehouse by James Wyatt RA. The Royal Artillery ha-ha

1144-475: The Register, or the setting of such a site, the planning authority must consult the Garden History Society. This applies to registered sites of all grades. In addition, Historic England must be consulted where a planning proposal affects a site which is included on the Register at Grade I or Grade II*. An online searchable register of all registered parks and gardens that are legally protected through

1188-477: The designation process under the National Heritage Act 1983 it has legal protection. Registration is a material consideration in the planning process so, following a planning application for development which would affect a registered park or garden, local planning authorities must take into account the historic interest of the site when deciding whether or not to grant permission for any changes. Although

1232-561: The designation system, has been incorporated into the National Heritage List for England currently available through the Historic England website. This shows the relevant list entry which describes the park or garden, and shows where it is on a map. Not all designated parks and gardens are open to the public. Information on historic parks and gardens can also be searched online via Parks & Gardens UK (a partnership between

1276-413: The features and qualities of key landscapes for the future. It is hoped that listing sites of special interest will increase awareness of their value and encourage those who own them, or who have a part to play in their protection, to treat the sites with due care, whether this is a question of carrying out appropriate maintenance or making changes to the site. If a park or garden has been registered using

1320-563: The foot of them, lined on both sides to sustain the earth, and prevent the getting over; which surprises the eye upon coming near it, and makes one laugh, Ha! Ha! from where it takes its name. This sort of opening is, on some occasions, to be preferred, for that it does not at all interrupt the prospect, as the bars of a grill do. The name ha-ha is attested in toponyms in New France from 1686 (as seen today in Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha! ), and

1364-471: The grass. A ha-ha prevented grazing animals on large estates from gaining access to the lawn and gardens adjoining the house, giving a continuous vista to create the illusion that the garden and landscape were one and undivided. The basic design of sunken ditches is of ancient origin, being a feature of deer parks first found in Anglo-Saxon England . The deer-leap or saltatorium consisted of

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1408-430: The inclusion brings no additional statutory controls in itself, English local authorities are required by government to take the protection of the historic environment into account in their policies and resource allocations. If material changes are made to a registered park or garden without having been granted planning permission first, local planning authorities may require that the changes are undone and, in extreme cases,

1452-505: The intended designs of the Regency Manor in its Regency park - particularly, its reinstated conservatory. Established in 2015, The Rickyard is a new learning center provided by Ealing Council , located next to the park's playground. It facilities include classroom, park toilets, park staff office and additional support facilities for park maintenance staff. It features a kiosk cafe, Pitzhanger Pantry, as well as houses beehives. Acting as

1496-407: The lawn within; and the garden in its turn was to be set free from its prim regularity, that it might assort with the wilder country without. During his excavations at Iona in the period 1964–1984, Richard Reece discovered an 18th-century ha-ha designed to protect the abbey from cattle. Ice houses were sometimes built into ha-ha walls because they provide a subtle entrance that makes the ice house

1540-415: The name derives from the exclamation of surprise that viewers would make on recognising the optical illusion. Grills of iron are very necessary ornaments in the lines of walks, to extend the view, and to show the country to advantage. At present we frequently make thoroughviews, called Ah, Ah , which are openings in the walls, without grills, to the very level of the walks, with a large and deep ditch at

1584-547: The north-east end of Walpole Park. Meters away from the arch is the Ealing War Memorial. This Portland stone entry features as both a park gate and a commemoration of Ealing locals who loss their lives in World War I and World War II . The neoclassical Pitzhanger Manor & Gallery are located by the main entrance to Walpole Park. The Manor and Gallery's recent renovations from 2015 to 2019 have provided an insight to

1628-408: The north-side was converted into the present-day art gallery. At the end of the 1980s some restoration work was done to recreate some of the original layout by Soane's and Haverfield's garden. In 1987 it was registered by English Heritage on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England . The park was extensively renovated from August 2013 on-wards and reopened fully in

1672-452: The official Pitzhanger cafe, Soane's Kitchen neighbours the Manor. Most of the park consists of open flat grassed areas bordered by tree lined avenues, which act as wind breaks. Of the two ponds, the westernmost was the larger of the two and was more formal. It also featured a fountain. The pond nearest to Pitzhanger Manor on the eastward side of the park had sunken sides, which were planted with

1716-595: The patients themselves, standing before the trench, it also enabled them to see the wider landscape. Kew Asylum has been redeveloped as apartments; however some of the ha-has remain, albeit partially filled in. Ha-has were also used in North America. Only two historic installations remain in Canada, one of which is on the grounds of Nova Scotia's Uniacke House (1813), a rural estate built by Richard John Uniacke , an Irish-born Attorney-General of Nova Scotia. Mount Vernon ,

1760-540: The plantation of George Washington , incorporates ha-haws on its grounds as part of the landscaping for the mansion built by George Washington’s father, Augustine Washington. A later American president, Thomas Jefferson , "built a ha-ha at the southern end of the South Lawn [of the White House], which was an eight-foot wall with a sunken ditch meant to keep the livestock from grazing in his garden." A 21st-century use of

1804-409: The summer of 2014. Two new ponds replaced the ornamental lake and the fishpond. Breeding wildfowl have returned to the park and the new flower beds are developing, with Regency planting. The bridge which was situated at one end of the sunken garden has been restored. Walpole Park's north boundary wall likely dates from the late-18th century and a Grade II listing. Facing Mattock Lane, the red-brick wall

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1848-407: Was constructed as a ha-ha against cattle and sheep. The bridge at the north end, and the pond, were in existence before Soane bought the property but he had it decorated to give an appearance of great antiquity, no doubt to match his faux Roman ruins which he built just to the north of his house. It is a listed Grade II* structure. Along the north perimeter wall is a large stone bench. This also has

1892-515: Was purchased for £40,000 in 1899 by the Urban District Council of Ealing from Sir Spencer Walpole , having previously been bought by his father, the Rt. Hon. Spencer Horatio Walpole . The Borough surveyor Charles Jones who negotiated the terms of the sale with his close friend Spencer Walpole also went on to set out the design of tree-lined avenues, paths and flower beds. The outer path is nearly

1936-525: Was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983 . Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations. The register aims to "celebrate designed landscapes of note, and encourage appropriate protection", so safeguarding

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