64-515: Wallyford is a village near Musselburgh and approximately seven miles (11 km) east of Edinburgh in East Lothian , Scotland. The village was initially populated by coal miners and later grew as an overspill/commuter town for workers in Musselburgh and Edinburgh. A tribute to the miners can be found marked on a stone through the main road (Salters Road) of the village. A coal mine at Wallyford
128-569: A fort a little inland from the mouth of the River Esk, at Inveresk . They bridged the Esk downstream from the fort, and thus established the line of the main eastern approach to Scotland's capital for most of the next 2,000 years. The bridge built by the Romans outlasted them by many centuries. It was rebuilt on the original Roman foundations some time before 1300, and in 1597 it was rebuilt again, this time with
192-620: A Miners' social club. Sir William Binning of Wallyford (1627–1711) Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1675–1677. Victorian writer Margaret Oliphant was born in Wallyford on 4 April 1828. Among her best-known works were Katie Stewart , The Carlingford Chronicles and Tales of the Seen and Unseen . She died in Wimbledon on 25 June 1897 and was buried in Eton Cemetery near Windsor. Willie Park, Sr. ,
256-789: A breakaway group of 16 from the Musselburgh Clarion. After forming an alliance with other clubs during the war, the MRCC reformed again in its own right in January 1945. The club has a long and successful history of competitive cycling. Notable riders include: Jock Allison, who in 1945 won the British Best All Rounder title and is to date still the only Scottish club rider to do so; Janet Sutherland, who dominated Scottish woman's cycling in 1951–4; and Sandy Gilchrist, who in 1977 won 5 individual and 4 team Scottish Championships. Many other riders from
320-465: A broad arc, bent against the open sea, towards the southern end of the present north pier. Much patched and decrepit, the quay was virtually rebuilt, though along the original line, between 1775 and 1785 by the landlord, Daniel Delacherois, probably with the help of John Smeaton , the distinguished civil engineer who had made earlier more elaborate plans for extending the harbour, and who had just rebuilt Portpatrick harbour. The old quay remained until after
384-521: A legible hierarchy of roads and footpaths, maximising connections throughout but in particular to the Village Centre and Community Woodland. Wallyford has a railway station with a Park and Ride facility, on the Edinburgh to North Berwick railway line , operated by ScotRail . It has a primary/nursery school, playgroup, community centre, churches, library, post office, a CrossFit Gym (CrossFit JXL) and
448-540: A number of other Scottish clubs, plus a spell in Australia with Canberra Cosmos Musselburgh Musselburgh ( / ˈ m ʌ s əl b ər ə / ; Scots : Musselburrae ; Scottish Gaelic : Baile nam Feusgan ) is the largest settlement in East Lothian , Scotland , on the coast of the Firth of Forth , five miles (eight kilometres) east of Edinburgh city centre. It has a population of 21,100. The name Musselburgh
512-451: A religion, with 51% being Christians, and there are several churches catering to different denominations. There are three Church of Scotland ecclesiastical parishes in Musselburgh, each with its own church, however discussions are currently underway regarding the future of these three churches and possible amalgamation: There is one Roman Catholic congregation which worships at Our Lady of Loretto and St Michael Catholic Church. There
576-630: A short stay at Soho he left for London in 1784 to take charge of the works at the Albion Flour Mills, Blackfriars, for which Boulton & Watt were building a steam-engine. The machinery was all designed by Rennie, a distinguishing feature being the use of iron instead of wood for the shafting and framing. About 1791 he started in business as a mechanical engineer on his own account in Holland Street, Blackfriars, whence he and his successors long conducted engineering operations of vast importance. (In
640-600: A small jetty, was built and maintained as a result of the Royal Warrant of 1616 which limited travel between the Ards and the Rhins of Galloway to this port, and that at Portpatrick also owned by Montgomery. It was described by Harris in 1744 as 'a curving quay about 400 feet (120m) long and 22 feet (6.7m) wide built of uncemented stones'. It ran from the shore at the north end of the Parade in
704-506: A taste for mechanics at a very early age, and was allowed to spend much time in the workshop of Andrew Meikle , a millwright and the inventor of the threshing machine, who lived at Houston Mill on the Phantassie estate. After receiving a normal basic education at the parish school of Prestonkirk Parish Church , he was sent to the burgh school at Dunbar , and in November 1780 he matriculated at
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#1733093233084768-574: A third arch added on the east side of the river. The Old Bridge is also known as the Roman Bridge and remains in use today by pedestrians. To its north is the New Bridge, designed by John Rennie the Elder and built in 1806. This in turn was considerably widened in 1925. Musselburgh was made a burgh of barony c.1315 and a burgh of regality in 1562. The town attempted to become a royal burgh in 1632 but this
832-487: A three-way link was considered advantageous." John Rennie the Elder John Rennie FRSE FRS (7 June 1761 – 4 October 1821) was a Scottish civil engineer who designed many bridges, canals , docks and warehouses, and a pioneer in the use of structural cast-iron. He was born the younger son of James Rennie, a farmer near Phantassie , near East Linton , East Lothian, Scotland . John showed
896-555: A town council responsible for a number of areas of local governance, including housing, lighting and street cleaning and drainage. Midlothian County Council was responsible for other areas, including education. The town council met at the Musselburgh Tolbooth and later, for a short period before its abolition, at the Brunton Hall. The town's civic head and chairman of the council was the provost and there were three bailies and
960-549: A treasurer. After the local government reforms of 1975, Musselburgh was transferred to the East Lothian district of the new Lothian region, and subsequently became part of the East Lothian unitary council area in 1996. At the 2022 census, the population was 21,479 and 79.2% of residents were born in Scotland, 9.5% other UK, 7.2% Europe and 4.1% Other. At the 2011 Census , 52% of Musselburgh residents stated they belonged to
1024-533: Is Old English in origin, with mussel referring to the shellfish . The burgh element appears to derive from burh , in the same way as Edinburgh, before the introduction of formal burghs by David I . Its earliest Anglic name was Eskmuthe (Eskmouth) for its location at the mouth of the River Esk . Musselburgh was first settled by the Romans in the years following their invasion of Scotland in 80 CE. They built
1088-595: Is a matching tower in Howth , Ireland, also designed by Rennie, for the other terminal of the Irish packet steamer. Of all Rennie's works, that which appeals most strongly to the imagination is perhaps the breakwater at Plymouth Sound , consisting of a wall a mile in length across the Sound, in about 20 metres (66 ft) of water, and containing 3,670,444 tons of rough stone, besides 22,149 cubic yards (16,934 m ) of masonry on
1152-504: Is now closed. The East Lothian Seagulls of the Scottish Floorball League are based in Musselburgh and train and play matches at the sports centre at Queen Margaret University. Fisherrow , Inveresk , Levenhall Links , Pinkie , Stoneyhill, Clayknowes, Denholm, Stoneybank, Queen Margaret University Student Village, Monktonhall, Pinkie Braes Musselburgh is twinned with: "Champigny was already twinned with Rosignano, so
1216-799: Is one Scottish Episcopal congregation which worships at St Peter's Church. Schools include Loretto School , a private boarding school , and Musselburgh Grammar School , the local large comprehensive that is one of the oldest grammar schools in the country, dating from 1608. Primary schools include: Campie Primary School, Musselburgh Burgh Primary School, Stoneyhill Primary School, Pinkie St Peter's Primary School, Loretto RC Primary School and Loretto Nippers (private). Early learning locations (ages 3–5) include The Burgh, Stoneyhill, Loretto RC, and St. Ninian's. There are also several private nurseries for pre school aged children. Queen Margaret University relocated all its schools from Edinburgh to Musselburgh as of 2007 . Her Majesty The Queen officially opened
1280-548: Is reputed to be the oldest sporting trophy in United Kingdom, and is competed for annually by the Royal Company of Archers . It dates back to at least 1603. Musselburgh is home to both Musselburgh Racecourse and Musselburgh Links golf course. The links, a former venue of golf 's Open Championship , have recently been acknowledged as the oldest continuously played golf course in the world. Musselburgh Athletic F.C. are
1344-588: Is served by Lothian Buses , East Coast Buses and Prentice Coaches Ltd. The A1 by-passes the town and meets the A720 Edinburgh City Bypass at the edge of the town before continuing to Edinburgh city centre. The A199 goes through the High Street to Edinburgh in the west and to Dunbar to the east. This was originally the A1 until the town's bypass was built in the mid-1980s. The Musselburgh Silver Arrow
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#17330932330841408-830: The Crinan Canal (1794–1801), Rudyard Lake (1797) and the Rochdale Canal , which passes through difficult country between Rochdale and Todmorden (1799). The Kennet and Avon Canal – including the Dundas Aqueduct , Caen Hill Locks and Crofton Pumping Station – occupied him between 1794 and 1810. In 1802 he revised the plans for the Royal Canal of Ireland from Dublin to the Shannon near Longford . He also served as advisor to Dublin Corporation's Pipe Water Committee, for which he
1472-679: The River Lune in Lancaster . In Leeds he was commissioned to build two stone bridges, one over the River Aire and a second smaller structure over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, to the west side of the town centre and upstream from Leeds Bridge . The main instigator of this scheme was mill owner Benjamin Gott , who had properties on both sides of the waterways and wanted an easier route between them. The larger bridge
1536-653: The River Medway estuary in Kent . Over the next few years Rennie also attained a deserved reputation as a builder of bridges, combining stone with new cast-iron techniques to create previously unheard-of low, wide, elliptical arches. Waterloo Bridge , over the River Thames in London (1811–1817), with its nine equal arches and perfectly flat roadway, is thought to have been influenced by Thomas Harrison 's design of Skerton Bridge over
1600-539: The University of Edinburgh , where he remained until 1783. His older brother George remained to assist in the family agricultural business. Rennie worked as a millwright to have established a business. His originality was exhibited by the introduction of cast iron pinions instead of wooden trundles. In 1784 he took a journey south for the purpose of enlarging his knowledge, visiting James Watt at Soho, Staffordshire. Watt offered him an engagement, which he accepted. After
1664-562: The 18th century were a prominent political and legal force within Scotland . The house and grounds are now managed by the National Trust for Scotland . Stoneyhill House dates from the mid 18th century. The estate of Stoneyhill was formerly owned by Sir William Sharp and later passed to the Earl of Wemyss , the notorious Francis Charteris . The town and its population grew considerably throughout
1728-568: The Dublin Custom House and Store Houses.' In 1821, John James Macgregor noted: 'The tobacco stores have been finished on the south side at the expense of £70,000. They are 500 feet long by 160 feet wide. The roof is of cast iron, and the building finished in the most permanent manner.' In 1821, the Rev. George Newenham Wright, an Anglican clergyman, likewise noted: Now known as the CHQ Building ,
1792-560: The Lothian team at county level. In Musselburgh there is also an amateur swimming club called Musselburgh Amateur Swimming Club. The club is home to the Musselburgh Marlins and trains at Musselburgh Sports Centre. The members of the club vary in ages from 6 all the way up to adults. The club is very inclusive in the community and was first established in 1886 and in its current format in 1994 where they trained at Loretto Swimming Pool which
1856-497: The QMU campus in July 2008. Musselburgh is served by two railway stations. Musselburgh railway station is in the west of the town adjacent to Queen Margaret University and has regular ScotRail services from Edinburgh Waverley to North Berwick . It is a relatively new station, having opened in 1988. The other station serving the town is Wallyford railway station to the east of the town in
1920-523: The Regent of Scotland, Randolph, Earl of Moray , died in the burgh after a long illness during which he was devotedly cared for by the townsfolk. His successor offered to reward the people for their loyalty but they declined, saying they were only doing their duty. The new regent, the Earl of Mar , was impressed and said they were a set of honest men, hence "Honest Toun". Archaeological excavations by Headland Archaeology between 2003–04, as part of work to renew
1984-556: The Royal Society on 29 March 1798, and in 1815 he served as a Manager of the newly built London Institution . In 1790 he married Martha Ann Mackintosh (d.1806), daughter of E. Mackintosh, and by her had seven children, two of whom, George and John , became notable engineers. His daughter Anna married the architect Charles Cockerell . He died, after a short illness, at his house in Stamford Street, London, on 4 October 1821, and
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2048-420: The advice which Rennie gave Stevenson entitled him to rank the building as one which he "designed and constructed". The Holyhead Mail Pier Light is a conical white house which was built by Rennie in 1821. The lighthouse is of national significance as one of Rennie's surviving works. Of particular importance, in a Welsh context, is the early date of the lighthouse lantern, which was originally lit by gas. Before
2112-585: The club have won national championships or have been selected to compete at world championship level or the Commonwealth Games . Today, club members take part in track racing, road racing, time trials, cyclo cross and mountain biking. Their base is at the Tolbooth in the High Street. There is also a locally run darts league, the Musselburgh and District Darts League, comprising an A and B league, each containing eight teams. Many players from this league represent
2176-508: The completion of the new harbour, and then, despite its continued favour by local fishermen, was removed for local wall building about 1833 (it appears in the 1832 drawing but not on the first O.S. map of 1834). The foundation stone of the new harbour was laid by the Marquess of Downshire on 1 August 1821. The initial plans and surveys for this ambitious undertaking were made by John Rennie. He, however, died within two months of work beginning, and
2240-582: The construction of the Humber Dock, Hull (1803–09), when he devised a steam dredger to overcome the difficulties of that particular work, and apparently without any knowledge of Bentham's invention. Another expedient was the use of hollow walls, which was suggested by the necessity of providing an extensive bearing surface for the foundations of a wall in loose ground. Walls built upon this plan were largely used by Rennie. The distinguishing characteristics of Rennie's work were firmness and solidity, and it has stood
2304-448: The conversion to electricity a gas works was located on the island to power the lighthouse, the piers and even part of Holyhead itself. The works were constructed at a cost of £130,000, an astronomical sum at the time. The tower survives intact and has beautifully curving gallery railings, similar to those at Bardsey Lighthouse . It is no longer in use, although it is used as a navigation reference for sailors. The Howth Harbour Lighthouse
2368-506: The design and execution, but there seems little doubt that he was only nominally responsible for the great undertaking. Robert Stevenson, surveyor to the Commissioners of Northern Lights , drew the original plans and, at his suggestion, the commissioners called Rennie to assist with obtaining parliamentary approval for the project, giving him the title of chief engineer (for which however he was only paid £400). Stevenson did not accept many of
2432-505: The first and four-time winner of the Open Championship in golf, was born in Wallyford on 30 June 1833 and died on 25 July 1903. Former footballer and football manager Jock Wallace, Jr. was born in Wallyford on 6 September 1935. He went on to have a successful career as manager of Rangers .] Gordon Hunter Professional footballer, played over three hundred games for Hibernian FC, between 1983 and 1997. In his later career, played for
2496-480: The harbour is Dalkey Hill granite . The granite was provided by Richard Toucher (a long time campaigner for the new harbour) at no cost to the construction team. The foundations of the piers are 300'-0" wide and 24'-0" below low water level. Many options were considered for the width of the space between the two pier heads. Rennie wrote to the Harbour Commissioners that the opening should be 430'-0" wide with
2560-425: The harbours and dockyards at Chatham , Devonport , Portsmouth , Holyhead , Ramsgate , Sheerness , Howth and Dunleary . He devoted much time to the preparation of plans for a government dockyard at Northfleet , but they were not carried out. Dunleary harbour of 'Asylum' was a very difficult and important project, because it was critical to maintain an effective communication link between Ireland and London,
2624-460: The latter half of the twentieth century, with major local authority and private housing developments on both the eastern and western outskirts. The Battle of Pinkie , part of the Rough Wooing between Scotland and England, was fought south of Musselburgh in 1547. Prior to the local government reforms of 1975 , Musselburgh was a small burgh within the county of Midlothian . As such, it elected
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2688-499: The medieval bridge which was proving a serious impediment to the flow of the river. Rennie's bridge was eventually moved to Arizona. Southwark Bridge (1815–1819) was built as three cast-iron spans over the river. He also designed the Old Vauxhall Bridge . Rennie was also responsible for designing and building docks at Hull , Liverpool, Greenock , London ( London , East India and West India docks), and Leith and improving
2752-529: The modifications proposed by Rennie, but the two men remained on friendly terms. Rennie visited the lighthouse twice while it was being built. When Stevenson died in 1850, the Commissioners put on record in their minutes that to him was 'due the honour of conceiving and executing the Bell Rock lighthouse'. However, Rennie's son, Sir John Rennie, claimed in a long exchange of letters with Alan Stevenson in 1849 that
2816-509: The pier heads turned into the harbour to control swells within the harbour. His demands were never met and the harbour opening was built at 1,066'-0". This was clearly too wide and was subsequently reduced to 760'-0". One of John Rennie's last projects was the construction of the Custom House Docks in Dublin, along with its locks and warehouses, including the CHQ Building where he pioneered
2880-569: The same year, the Albion Flour Mills were destroyed by arson.) In 1791, he moved to London and set up his own engineering business, having by then begun to expand into civil engineering, particularly the construction of canals . His early projects included the Stowmarket Navigation ( River Gipping ) in 1791, the Lancaster Canal (started 1792), the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation (1793),
2944-637: The seat of government. Rennie was responsible for the construction of Howth Harbour on the North side of Dublin bay a decade earlier. This was originally planned as the landing for the Holyhead packets, but it silted up to such an extent that it became unfit for purpose. An Act of Parliament of 1816 ( 56 Geo. 3 . c. 62) authorised the building of Dunleary harbour. Originally it was intended that only one pier (the East Pier) would be built (3,500 feet long), but when John Rennie
3008-427: The surface. It was constructed to provide safe passage for naval vessels entering the river Tamar ( Hamoaze ) at Devonport. This colossal work was first proposed in a report by Rennie, dated 22 April 1806; an order in council authorising its commencement was issued on 22 June 1811, and the first stone was deposited on 12 August following. The work was completed by his son, Sir John Rennie, and by Joseph Whidbey . Rennie
3072-440: The test of time. He was most conscientious in the preparation of his reports and estimates, and he never entered upon an undertaking without making himself fully acquainted with the local surroundings. He was devoted to his profession, and, though he was a man of strong frame and capable of great endurance, his incessant labours shortened his life. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 28 January 1788, Fellow of
3136-535: The tobacco store is home to various enterprises including EPIC – The Irish Emigration Museum and Dogpatch Laboratories. Donaghadee is probably best known for its lighthouse and harbour. For centuries, it has been a haven for ships, and the harbour has been there from at least the 17th century. Sir Hugh Montgomery built a large stone quay to accommodate vessels ferrying between Scotland and Ireland from 1616 onwards.[3] Viscount Montgomery's harbour (1626; improved 1640), superseding what had hitherto been probably only
3200-634: The town's football team, competing in the East of Scotland League at their Olivebank Park ground in the west of the town. Musselburgh also boast some of the best grassroots teams for young players, such as the Musselburgh Windsor and the Musselburgh Youngstars. Musselburgh RFC play in the Scottish Premiership at Stoneyhill. The Musselburgh Roads Cycling Club was formed in January 1936 by
3264-618: The use of cast-iron in the early 19th century. Rennie was first invited to work on the scheme in 1809 by John Foster , the Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer. The first stone of the docks was laid in May 1817; they were formerly opened at the end of August 1821 in front of 'a most select company of Noblemen, Bishops, Ladies, &c.' In 1824 the docks were placed on a long-term lease to Harry and John Scovell, and their nephew George. Harry and John were
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#17330932330843328-450: The village of Wallyford , which opened in 1994. The town's original station was close to the town centre at the end of a short branch from Newhailes Junction. Passenger services from there ceased in 1964, and the line closed to all traffic in the early 1970s. The former railway line is now a road bypassing the Fisherrow area of the town. There was also a station at Fisherrow. The town
3392-417: The water mains, found that the Medieval town was concentrated on the High Street and that occupation in the North High Street area and Fisherrow only dates to the 16th century or later. The early town was centred on the eastern side of the river Esk. Musselburgh is home to the Palladian Manor House of Newhailes , which dates back to 1702 and was home to eight generations of the Dalrymple family, who in
3456-431: The wear of seaboots and waves alike. The harbour consists of two independent piers running north westwards out to sea; parallel nearer the shore, they converge at the outer ends to form a harbour mouth 150 feet (46m) wide. At low tide the water in the harbour is fifteen feet deep. The Bell Rock Lighthouse, near the entrance to the Firths of Forth and Tay , was built during 1807 and 1810. Rennie was, by some, credited with
3520-571: The younger brothers of Sir George Scovell , the intelligence officer famed for cracking Bonaparte's secret codes during the Napoleonic Wars. By March 1820, Rennie was seeking 33 tons of structural cast-iron, along with a large quantity of wrought iron, for the purpose of building a "Tobacco Warehouse, with the Spirit Stores under it." The iron was supplied by the Butterley Iron Company from Derbyshire. However, an obituary of Shropshire-born engineer and iron founder William Hazeldine from 1841 claimed that Hazeldine also supplied 'the Iron Roofs for
3584-412: Was described in 1934 (Parsons' Directory) Archived 23 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine as 'a beautiful structure, consisting of an elliptical arch of one hundred feet span'. The bridge, initially known as Waterloo Bridge, was soon renamed Wellington Bridge. Rennie's later efforts in this line also show that he was a skilful architect, endowed with a keen sense of beauty of design. Waterloo Bridge
3648-406: Was a man of unbounded resource and originality. During the improvement of Ramsgate harbour he made use of the diving-bell, which he greatly improved. He is generally credited with the invention of a form of steam-dredging machine with a chain of buckets, but in this he seems to have been anticipated by Sir Samuel Bentham . He was certainly the first to use it on an extensive scale, which he did during
3712-404: Was appointed directing engineer for the work, he insisted that a single pier would result in sand drifting behind the pier and that a second West Pier (4,950 feet long) would prevent this from occurring. He was correct as the sand has built up behind the west pier. The harbour once built was renamed 'The Royal Harbour of Kingstown' in 1821 on the occasion of the visit of George IV . The material for
3776-466: Was considered his masterpiece and was the most prestigious bridge project in England, described as 'perhaps the finest large masonry bridge ever built in this or any other country'. The Italian sculptor Canova called it 'the noblest bridge in the world' and said that 'it is worth going to England solely to see Rennie's bridge.' After Rennie's death, London Bridge was built from his design by his sons John Rennie (junior) and George Rennie . It replaced
3840-414: Was presented with the Freedom of the City of Dublin in 1804. For many years he was engaged in extensive drainage operations in the Lincolnshire and Norfolk Fens (1802–1810), and in the improvement of the River Witham . The Eau Brink Cut, a new channel for the River Ouse , was completed just before his death. He was also chief engineer for the canal and major, but abortive lazaret at Chetney Hill , on
3904-478: Was prevented by opposition from Edinburgh burgesses. Although Edinburgh is now known to have been a burgh by 1125, Musselburgh's antiquity is reflected in the Scots-language traditional rhyme: Musselburgh was a burgh When Edinburgh was nane, And Musselburgh will be a burgh When Edinburgh's gane. Musselburgh is known as "The Honest Toun", and celebrates this by the annual election of the Honest Lad and Lass. The town motto " Honestas " dates back to 1332, when
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#17330932330843968-407: Was succeeded by his son, John, who had as his resident engineer a fellow Scot, the seasoned marine builder, David Logan, who had assisted Robert Stevenson at the Bell Rock Lighthouse (1807–1810). The new harbour had to have greater depth to accommodate steam packets. Rock blasted from the sea bed, within the harbour area and further south in what became known as the Quarry Hole at Meetinghouse Point
4032-401: Was used to form the outer slopes of the two piers; but the inner faces were built of limestone from the Moelfre quarries of Anglesea . This 'Anglesea marble' lends itself to the finest ashlar dressing and the new piers remain a triumph of stone carving. The flights of steps display special skill in the deep diagonal binding of each solid step, providing a typically robust engineer's response to
4096-436: Was worked for the profit of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1563 and also supplied coal for her own fire at Holyrood Palace . The village is overlooked by the restored Fa'side Castle which was destroyed by the English after the Battle of Pinkie in 1546. In 2016, construction began to regenerate the village. A new, replacement Primary School was completed in February 2019. A new village high street/centre will be created alongside
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