A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq ) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks . Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons .
23-480: The Walker Mountains ( 72°07′S 99°0′W / 72.117°S 99.000°W / -72.117; -99.000 ( Walker Mountains ) ) are a range of peaks and nunataks which are fairly well separated but trend east–west to form the axis, or spine, of Thurston Island in Antarctica. Download coordinates as: The Walker Mountains form the spine of Thurston Island, running from west to east along
46-535: A USARP airborne insect program in the Ross, Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea areas in the 1959-60 season. 72°08′S 99°45′W / 72.133°S 99.750°W / -72.133; -99.750 . A peak standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) east of Mount Noxon. First plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Harold A. Hubbard, USGS geologist aboard
69-601: A flight from the ship Bear on February 27, 1940. They were named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-SCAN) for Lt. William M. Walker, captain of the United States Exploring Expedition ship Flying Fish which reached a point 100 mi N of Thurston Island on March 23, 1839. 72°01′S 102°08′W / 72.017°S 102.133°W / -72.017; -102.133 . Prominent peak-shaped landmark near
92-490: A member of the expedition who lost his life in a seaplane crash at Thurston Island on December 30, 1946. 72°01′S 101°09′W / 72.017°S 101.150°W / -72.017; -101.150 . A peak located at the base of Hughes Peninsula in the west part of Thurston Island. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Chief Photographer's Mate Frank Kazukaitis, United States Navy, who recorded features of
115-541: A member of the expedition who lost his life in a seaplane crash at Thurston Island on December 30, 1946. 72°04′S 101°46′W / 72.067°S 101.767°W / -72.067; -101.767 . A peak located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) southeast of Mount Lopez. . Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Captain Henry Howard Caldwell, United States Navy, captain of
138-562: Is a portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Herlacher and Cape Waite , or between Eights Coast on the east and Bakutis Coast in the west. It is part of Marie Byrd Land . It extends from 103°24'W to 114°12'W. It was discovered by Richard E. Byrd and members of the US Antarctic Service (USAS) by flights from the USS Bear during February 1940. The Walgreen Coast was named by Byrd after Charles R. Walgreen , president of
161-747: The Walgreen Coast and Eights Coast on the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition in February 1960. He served as photographer on several additional Navy Deep Freeze deployments to Antarctica. 72°06′S 100°45′W / 72.100°S 100.750°W / -72.100; -100.750 . A peak rising just west of the head of Hale Glacier . First mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant B.L. Simpson, Jr., of United States Navy Squadron VX-6, pilot of
184-1003: The ByrdAE in 1928-30. 72°11′00″S 99°08′00″W / 72.1833333°S 99.1333333°W / -72.1833333; -99.1333333 An ice-covered bluff 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of Mount Borgeson. Rock salients mark the face of the bluff. Named by US-ACAN after Ensign M. Eugene Litz, navigator and second pilot of PBM Mariner aircraft in the Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this bluff and coastal areas adjacent to Thurston Island, 1946-47. 72°07′S 99°10′W / 72.117°S 99.167°W / -72.117; -99.167 . A peak 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east-southeast of Smith Peak. First delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Warren T. Borgeson, topographic engineer with
207-525: The ByrdAE in 1933-35. 72°13′S 98°08′W / 72.217°S 98.133°W / -72.217; -98.133 . Steep north-facing bluff standing about 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east-southeast of Mount Bramhall. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Arthur A. Zuhn, physicist with the ByrdAE in 1933-35. 72°14′S 97°30′W / 72.233°S 97.500°W / -72.233; -97.500 . A peak rising at
230-728: The Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this feature and coastal areas adjacent to Thurston Island, 1946-47. 72°04′S 99°04′W / 72.067°S 99.067°W / -72.067; -99.067 . A cluster of peaks located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northeast of Mount Borgeson, overlooking Peale Inlet . Mapped from air photos made by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Arthur W. Guy, electrical engineer at Byrd Station, 1964-65. 72°10′S 98°39′W / 72.167°S 98.650°W / -72.167; -98.650 . A prominent mountain rising directly south of
253-550: The Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this peak and adjacent coastal areas, 1946-47. 72°05′S 99°28′W / 72.083°S 99.467°W / -72.083; -99.467 . A prominent peak rising southeast of the head of Potaka Inlet and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) east-northeast of Mount Hubbard. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Dean C. Smith, aviation pilot of
SECTION 10
#1732863148641276-941: The P2V Neptune airplane which took additional air photos of the area in January 1960. 72°08′S 100°06′W / 72.133°S 100.100°W / -72.133; -100.100 . A peak rising at the head of Myers Glacier . Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Sergeant W.C. Noxon, USMC, who served as navigator on aerial photographic flights over this area by United States Navy Squadron VX-6 in January 1960. 72°05′S 99°59′W / 72.083°S 99.983°W / -72.083; -99.983 . A peak standing 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) northwest of Mount Hubbard. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Robert E. Leech, entomologist who participated in
299-561: The United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition in February 1960. So named by US-ACAN because rock exposures on the peak serve as a mark for ships approaching Thurston Island from the west. 72°01′S 101°53′W / 72.017°S 101.883°W / -72.017; -101.883 . A peak located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east of Landfall Peak in the west part of Thurston Island. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Ens. Maxwell A. Lopez, United States Navy,
322-430: The United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition, who established geodetic control points in this area in February 1960. 72°13′00″S 98°56′00″W / 72.2166667°S 98.9333333°W / -72.2166667; -98.9333333 A cluster of low peaks or nunataks 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) southeast of Mount Borgeson. Named by US-ACAN after Photographer's Mate W.L. Lowe, aircrewman in
345-467: The base of Evans Peninsula . Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy Squadron VX-6 in January 1960. Named by US-ACAN for Alton N. Parker, aviation pilot of the ByrdAE in 1928-30. Nunatak The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s. The term nunatak is typically used in areas where a permanent ice sheet is present and the ridge protrudes above
368-650: The base of Noville Peninsula . Discovered by R. Admiral Byrd and members of the USAS in a flight from the Bear on February 27, 1940. Named by Byrd for Roger Hawthorne, field representative for the USAS, 1939-41. 72°10′S 98°24′W / 72.167°S 98.400°W / -72.167; -98.400 . A peak located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east of Mount Hawthorne. First delineated from aerial photographs taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Doctor E.H. Bramhall, physicist of
391-404: The extreme west end of Thurston Island, about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) east-northeast of Cape Flying Fish . Discovered by members of the USAS in flights from the ship Bear in February 1940, and photographed at that time by E.B. Perce. The peak was plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump (OpHjp) in December 1946, and was observed by personnel of
414-540: The glacially eroded land after a glacier retreats. They are not greatly affected by frost weathering , given the low frequency of freeze-thaw cycles in areas of ice caps and ice sheets. Typically nunataks are the only places where plant life can survive on ice sheets or ice caps. Lifeforms on nunataks are often isolated by the surrounding ice or glacier, providing unique habitats. Walgreen Coast The Walgreen Coast ( 75°30′S 107°0′W / 75.500°S 107.000°W / -75.500; -107.000 )
437-463: The icebreaker Burton Island, who made investigations in the area in February 1960 during the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition. 72°08′00″S 99°19′00″W / 72.1333333°S 99.3166667°W / -72.1333333; -99.3166667 A peak 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north-northwest of Smith Peak in north-central Thurston Island. Named by US-ACAN after Aviation Machinist's Mate J.D. Dickens, aircrewman in
460-505: The length of the island. Features, from west to east, include Landfall Peak, Mount Lopez, Mount Caldwell, Henderson Knob, Mount Kazukaitis, Mount Simpson, Mount Noxon, Mount Leech, Mount Hubbard, Smith Peak, Mount Borgeson, Guy Peaks, Mount Hawthorne, Mount Bramhall, Zuhn Bluff and Parker Peak. The Walker Mountains were discovered by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd and members of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) in
483-613: The retail company Walgreens at the time, who was a funder of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition , 1933–1935, and assisted in equipping the Bear for the USAS, 1939–1941. This coast was mapped in detail by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photographs, 1959–66. It contains Thwaites Glacier , also known as the "Doomsday Glacier", for its major contributions to sea level rise as
SECTION 20
#1732863148641506-581: The seaplane tender Pine Island which explored the area during this expedition. Caldwell and five others survived a December 30, 1946 crash of a seaplane at Thurston Island. 72°08′S 101°26′W / 72.133°S 101.433°W / -72.133; -101.433 . An ice-covered knob rising between the heads of Craft Glacier and Rochray Glacier in the southwest part of Thurston Island. First plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for aviation radioman Wendell K. Hendersin, United States Navy,
529-467: The sheet. Nunataks present readily identifiable landmark reference points in glaciers or ice caps and are often named. While some are isolated, they can also form dense clusters, such as Queen Louise Land in Greenland. Nunataks are generally angular and jagged, hampering the formation of glacial ice on their tops, although snow can accumulate on them. This can contrast strongly with the softer contours of
#640359