94-561: Walayar is a border town, located in the eastern corner of Palakkad district in Kerala , India. Walayar lies on the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu on National Highway 544 (NH544) (NH 47 old). Most of the goods imported into Kerala come by road and predominantly on this road. Due to its traffic volume, the route once had notorious traffic jams. But this changed with the improvement of NH 47 from Walayar to Vadakkanchery . It now has four lanes, with service roads and other facilities. There
188-482: A fall of only 60 m. Kunthipuzha is one of the less torrential rivers of the Western Ghats, with a pesticide-free catchment area. Silent Valley gets copious amounts of rainfall during the monsoons , but the actual amount varies within the region due to the varied topography . In general, rainfall is higher at higher altitudes and decreases from the west to the east due to the rain shadow effect. Eighty per cent of
282-532: A memorial at Sairandhri to Indira Gandhi was unveiled by Rajiv Gandhi , her son and the next prime minister. On 1 September 1986 Silent Valley National Park was designated as the core area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve . Since then, a long-term conservation effort has been undertaken to preserve the Silent Valley ecosystem . In 2001 a new hydro project was proposed and the "Man vs. Monkey debate"
376-523: A new range, Bhavani Forest Range, of 94 km and 54 km would be brought under the existing Silent Valley Range of the National Park. The Cabinet also sanctioned 35 staff to protect the area and two new forest stations in Bhavani range at Anavai and Thudukki. Forest Minister Benoy Viswom said "the zone would have reserve forest status and tribals in the area would not be affected. The decision reaffirmed
470-887: A part of the kingdom of Zamorin of Calicut around 15th century CE. Parts of Palakkad had also become under the Zamorin for sometime. In 1757, to resist the invasion of the Zamorin of Kozhikode , the Palakkad Raja sought the help of the Hyder Ali of Mysore . In 1766, Hyder Ali defeated the Zamorin of Kozhikode – an East India Company ally at the time – and absorbed Kozhikode into his state. The Hyder Ali rebuilt Palakkad Fort in 1766. The smaller princely states in northern and north-central parts of Kerala (comprising Malabar District ) including Kolathunadu , Kottayam , Kadathanadu , Kozhikode , Tanur , Valluvanad , and Palakkad were unified under
564-552: A period of three years from 1993 to 1996. Fourteen troops of lion-tailed macaque, eighty-five troops of Nilgiri langur , fifteen troops of bonnet macaque and seven troops of Hanuman langur were observed. Of these, the Nilgiri langur was randomly distributed, whereas the lion-tailed macaque troops were confined to the southern sector of the Park. Bonnet macaques and Hanuman langurs were occasional visitors. The Silent Valley forest remains one of
658-476: A pest-resistant strain of rice Oryza Pittambi , and 110 plant species of importance in Ayurvedic medicine. Seven new plant species have been recorded from Silent Valley, including in 1996, Impatiens sivarajanii , a new species of Balsaminaceae . Occurrence of lion-tailed macaque is dependent on the flowering of Cullenia exarillata in the forest. Six distinct tree associations have been described in
752-420: A population of 2,617,482 of which males were 1,266,985 and remaining 1,350,497 were females. Palakkad District population constituted 8.41 percent of total Kerala population in the census of 2011. In 2001 census, this figure for Palakkad District was at 8.22 percent of Kerala population. In the 2011 Census of India there was change of 7.35 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In
846-792: A teak plantation, started in 1997. It was recognized by the Zoo Authority with plans to convert it as a Safari Park with more amenities for deer, other animals and for visitors. The park is located 22 km from Palakkad. The park is the main entry to the main tourist centres of the District, like Malampuzha, Kanjirapuzha, Nelliampathy, Silent Valley and the Mangalam Dam. This town connects to other parts of India through Palakkad. National Highway No.544 connects to Coimbatore and Bangalore . Other parts of Kerala are accessed through National Highway No.66.through Thrissur . Coimbatore International Airport
940-480: Is Coimbatore International Airport , which is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) from Palakkad. However, Cochin International Airport and Calicut International Airport serve the city as well. There has been a proposal for a mini domestic airport at East Yakkara with respect to setting up domestic airports for enhanced air connectivity by the civil aviation ministry of India. 60 acres has been identified for
1034-529: Is 1063 as per 2011 Census of India data. Similarly child sex ratio in Palakkad District was 959 in 2011 census. Child population (0–6) in urban region was 70,405 of which males and females were 35,933 and 34,472. This child population figure of Palakkad district is 10.95% of total urban population. In earlier times, Palakkad was also known as Palakkattussery . Many concluded that Palakkad is derived from 'Pala', an indigenous tree which once densely occupied
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#17330862848911128-550: Is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 Census of India , child sex ratio is 967 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 963 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data. There were total 302,297 children under age of 0–6 against 318,884 of 2001 census. Of total 302,297 male and female were 153,696 and 148,601 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per 2011 Census of India was 967 compared to 963 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0–6 formed 10.76 percent of Palakkad District compared to 12.18 percent of 2001. There
1222-731: Is Picking up and growing at steady pace in recent years, Nowadays Palakkad City and the suburbs are witnessing rapid amount of commercial and public development activities. The developments are mainly concentrated on the bypass roads, Both Stadium and Calicut bypass roads passing through city are getting major commercial projects. Major national and international branded Retail chains, food Chains, Restaurants, Hotels, Shopping complexes, Textiles, branded jewellers, Vehicle Showrooms, are functioning in and around city. There are many housing colonies consist of Villas and apartments are also present in Palakkad City and suburbs. The nearest international airport
1316-559: Is a Synthetic Track with eight lines operational in the ground of the newly constructed Government Medical College, Palakkad . Silent Valley National Park Silent Valley National Park is a national park in Kerala , India . It is located in the Nilgiri hills and has a core area of 89.52 km (34.56 sq mi). It is surrounded by a buffer zone of 148 km (57 sq mi). This national park has some rare species of flora and fauna. Silent Valley National Park
1410-663: Is an exclusive service road for goods vehicles from the entry point of the check post to the exit point so that passenger vehicles can easily pass through the check post area without any interruption. Widening of NH 47 completed in 2015. Most of the passenger vehicles from other states, such as buses, tourist cabs, and pilgrims, enter Kerala through this gateway. Walayar is considered the Gateway of Kerala from mainland India. Commercial tax (previously sales tax) check post, motor vehicles check post, forest, rinderpest , and excise check posts are located there. The commercial taxes checkpost has
1504-434: Is characterized by its crystal clear water and perennial nature. The main tributaries of the river, Kunthancholapuzha, Karingathodu, Madrimaranthodu, Valiaparathodu and Kummaathanthodu originate on the upper slopes of the eastern side of the valley. The river is uniformly shallow, with no flood plains or meanders. Its bed falls from 1,861 m to 900 m over a distance of 12 km, the last 8 km being particularly level with
1598-675: Is considered, figure is 969 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0–6 is 231,892 in rural areas of which males were 117,763 and females were 114,129. The child population comprises 11.42% of total rural population of Palakkad district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Palakkad District is 88.31% as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 92.36 and 84.56 percent respectively. In total, 1,678,895 people were literate of which males and females were 843,855 and 835,040 respectively. In 2011, Palakkad had population of 2,809,934 of which male and female were 1,359,478 and 1,450,456 respectively. In 2001 census, Palakkad had
1692-680: Is consistently high (above 95%) between June and December. There is no record of the valley ever having been settled, but the Mudugar and Irula tribal people are indigenous to the area and do live in the adjacent valley of Attappady Reserved Forest. Also, the Kurumbar people live in the highest range outside the park bordering on the Nilgiris . Many of the Mudugar, Irula and Kurumbar now work as day labourers and porters . 16 out of 21 tribal colonies in
1786-574: Is covered by forests. Most parts of the district fall in the midland region (elevation 75–250 m or 246–820 ft), except the Nelliampathy - Parambikulam area in the Chittur taluk in the south and Attappadi - Malampuzha area in the north, which are hilly and fall in the highland region (elevation > 250 m or 820 ft). Attappadi valley of Palakkad district, along with the Chaliyar valley of
1880-544: Is currently used mostly for cricket matches. Fort Maidan holds a maximum capacity of 10,000 people. Until 2002, the ground was considered for local cricket only. In 2003, the Ranji Trophy was introduced in Fort Maidan. The city has an Indoor Stadium located near Government Victoria College, Palakkad with a total area of 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ) with commercial establishments still unfinished and incomplete. There
1974-517: Is gene selection from the wild varieties of rice Oryza nivara (Central India) and Oryza Pittambi found in Silent Valley for the traits of broad spectrum disease resistance in high yielding hybrid rice varieties including IR-36, which are responsible for much of the Green Revolution throughout Asia. Also, genetic evaluation of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria obtained from Silent Valley indicated that strain, IISR 331, could increase
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#17330862848912068-499: Is good accumulation of organic matter. The underlying rock in the area is granite with schists and gneiss , which give rise to the loamy laterite soils on slopes. The Kunthipuzha River drains the entire 15 km length of the park from north to south into the Bharathapuzha River. Kunthipuzha River divides the park into a narrow eastern sector of width 2 kilometers and a wide western sector of 5 kilometers. The river
2162-715: Is home to the only Indian Institute of Technology in Kerala state. Palakkad District has three educational districts namely Palakkad , Ottappalam and Mannarkkad . There are several educational institutions working across the district. Government Victoria College, Palakkad , Government Engineering College, Sreekrishnapuram , NSS College of Engineering , Government Medical College, Palakkad , Chembai Memorial Government Music College , and many more higher level of educational institutions are located in Palakkad District . Government Victoria College, Palakkad , established in 1866,
2256-633: Is located on Robinson road, Sultanpet. A private FM Station operating in Palakkad at Ahalia Campus. There is a long term demand for setting up a government FM Station in Palakkad . At the present total number of 8 cinema halls are operational in Palakkad City which screens Malayalam , English, Tamil , Hindi movies, there are few other multiplex screens are under construction and expect to open near future in and around city. Palakkad has produced some world class athletes. Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in
2350-511: Is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala . It was carved out of the southeastern region of the former Malabar District on 1 January 1957. It is located at the central region of Kerala and is the second largest district in the state after Idukki . The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram district , on the southwest by
2444-779: Is one of the largest industrial hubs in Kerala. Kanjikode area of Palakkad city is the second industrial hub of Kerala after Kochi . Kanjikode is one of the largest industrial areas in Kerala and companies like Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI), Instrumentation Limited, Fluid Control Research Institute, Saint-Gobain India Private Limited (formerly SEPR Refractories India Private Limited) , Patspin India Ltd, Pepsi, PPS steel (Kerela) Pvt Ltd, United breweries, Empee Distilleries, Marico, Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Rubfila International Ltd, Arya Vaidya Pharmacy have production facilities. The commercialization of Palakkad City
2538-479: Is one of the oldest colleges in the state. The Government Medical College, Palakkad is started in 2014 is the first Government medical college in the district. The NSS College of Engineering at Akathethara , is the Fourth Engineering Institution established in Kerala , India. The Chembai Memorial Government Music College is one of the main centres of excellence in teaching carnatic music in
2632-608: Is said that their lands at Athavanad area were given to the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal and the Palakkad-Chittur areas were bought from them instead. Pattambi - Ottapalam Taluk were ruled by the Zamorin of Calicut , and Mannarkkad Taluk was a part of the Kingdom of Valluvanad , which was also later annexed by the Zamorin. Pattambi – Ottapalam areas were originally a part of Nedunganad (ruled by Nedungadis , which
2726-509: Is separated from the eastern and northern high altitude plateaus of the ( Nilgiris Mountains ) by high continuous ridges including Sispara Peak (2,206 m) at the north end of the park. The park gradually slopes southward down to the Palakkad plains and to the west it is bounded by irregular ridges. The altitude varies from 658 m to 2328 m at Anginda Peak , but most of the park lies within the altitude range of 880 m to 1200 m. Soils are blackish and slightly acidic in evergreen forests where there
2820-592: Is situated in Shoranur Junction & Mangalore Central of Karnataka state. The city is served by two railway stations – Palakkad Junction is a broad gauge railway junction (located at Olavakkode , about 4 km from Municipal bus stand) and Palakkad Town railway station located in the heart of the Palakkad city. The cities of Coimbatore , Tiruchirappalli , Erode , Salem , Thiruvananthapuram , Kollam , Mangalore , Kozhikode and Ernakulam are connected by
2914-445: Is the highest point of elevation in Palakkad district. Palakkad city is about 347 kilometres (216 mi) northeast of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram . The total area of the district is 4,480 km (1,730 sq mi) which is 11.5% of the state's area which makes it the second largest district of Kerala. Out of the total area of 4,480 km (1,730 sq mi), about 1,360 km (530 sq mi) of land
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3008-488: Is the nearest airport, about 43 km away. Bus number 96 connects Walayar with Coimbatore Gandhipuram Town Bus Stand. Walayar has a railway station, about 100 meters from NH 47. Palakkad Junction railway station is the nearest major railway station. This article related to a location in Palakkad district , Kerala , India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Palakkad district Palakkad ( Malayalam: [pɐːlɐkːɐːɖɨ̆] )
3102-400: Is the only depot in Palakkad district. Sub depot is present at Chittur serving Chittur-Thathamangalam . Operating centres are present at Vadakkenchery and Mannarkkad serving the respective towns. KSRTC Station Master office is present at Pattambi . According to the 2018 Statistics Report , Palakkad district has a population of 2,952,254, roughly equal to the nation of Armenia or
3196-470: Is train service to Calicut , Ernakulam , Trivandrum , Shoranur and Nilambur . Shoranur Junction railway station is the largest railway station in Kerala which plays a major role in connecting the southwestern coast of India ( Mangalore ) with the southeastern coast ( Chennai ) through Palghat Gap . It is also the meeting point of three important Railway lines: Mangalore - Chennai line, Nilambur–Shoranur line , and Kanyakumari - Shoranur line, due to
3290-474: The Orchids with 108 species including the rare, endemic and highly endangered orchids Ipsea malabarica, Bulbophyllum silentvalliensis and Eria tiagii , Grasses (56), Legumes (55), Rubiaceae (49) and Asters (45). There are many rare, endemic and economically valuable species, such as cardamom Ellettaria cardamomum , black pepper Piper nigrum , yams Dioscorea spp. , beans Phaseolus sp. ,
3384-722: The Bharathapuzha River . A number of dams have been built across these rivers, the largest being the Malampuzha dam. The largest in volume capacity is the Parambikulam Dam Bhavani River , which is a tributary of Kaveri River , also flows through the district. Kadalundi River has its origin in Silent Valley National Park . The Chalakudy River also flows through district. Palakkad district have total number of seven municipalities.The largest city in
3478-555: The Bombay Presidency (which had also included other regions in the western coast of India) of British India in the years 1792 and 1799 respectively. Later in 1800, both of the Malabar District and South Canara were separated from Bombay presidency to merge them with the neighbouring Madras Presidency . Palakkad was under British Raj until 1947. The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to
3572-607: The Ceylon frogmouth and great Indian hornbill . The 2006 winter bird survey discovered the long-legged buzzard , a new species of raptor at Sispara , the park's highest peak. The survey found 10 endangered species recorded in the IUCN Red List including the red winged crested cuckoo , Malabar pied hornbill and pale harrier . The area is home to 15 endemic species including the black-and-orange flycatcher . It recorded 138 species of birds including 17 species that were newly observed in
3666-599: The Thrissur district , on the northeast by Nilgiris district , and on the east by Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu . The district is nicknamed "The granary of Kerala". Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap , in the Western Ghats . The 2,383 m high Anginda peak , which is situated in the border of Palakkad district, Nilgiris district, and Malappuram district, in Silent Valley National Park ,
3760-484: The broad gauge line. Train services to Pollachi , Dindigul and Madurai are through the broad gauge line through Palakkad Town station. The Shornur Junction also has rail connections to Mangalore and the Konkan Railway , enabling travel towards Goa and Bombay . The trains coming from other parts of India are diverted to the north and south Kerala from Shoranur Junction in Palakkad District. From here, there
3854-430: The 1970s (SVHEP). From January to May 2003, a rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out. On 15 November, Minister for Forest Binoy Viswam said that the proposed buffer zone for Silent Valley would be declared soon. On 21 February 2007 ex-Chief Minister A. K. Antony told reporters after a cabinet meeting that "when the Silent Valley proposal was dropped, the centre had promised to give clearance to
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3948-611: The 2011 census report, the percents of mother tongue of the total population is as follows: It is located in the rich biodiversity of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve . Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary , New Amarambalam Reserved Forest , and Nedumkayam Rainforest in Nilambur Taluk of Malappuram district , Attappadi Reserved Forest in Mannarkkad Taluk of Palakkad district, and Mukurthi National Park of Nilgiris district , are located around Silent Valley National Park. Mukurthi peak,
4042-552: The Attappady range cultivate marijuana . Many Mudugar are in abject poverty and easily recruited by the so-called ganja mafia . In 2006, it was planned to employ 50 additional men from the 21 tribal settlements as forest guards. The valley areas of the park are in a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Ecoregion . Hilly areas above 1,000 m are in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests region. Above 1,500 m,
4136-633: The Forest and Wildlife Department in September 2018 in the buffer zone of the Silent Valley National Park found 82 species of odonata . The species found include Indosticta deccanensis , Burmagomphus laidlawi , Microgomphus souteri , Onychogomphus nilgiriensis , Euphaea dispar , Idionyx travancorensis , Megalogomphus hannyngtoni and Lestes dorothea . At least 500 species of earthworms and leeches have also been identified in
4230-567: The Government would consider the demand for a 600 km buffer zone for Silent Valley National Park made by Bharathapuzha Protection Committee, Malampuzha Protection Committee, One Earth One Life and Jana Jagratha. A buffer zone proposal was made in the 1986 park management plan but not implemented. In 1979, M.S. Swaminathan , then Secretary to the Department of Agriculture, visited the Silent Valley area and suggested that 389.52 km including
4324-664: The Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire , along with the municipalities of Kozhikode , Kannur , Thalassery , and Fort Kochi , making them the first modern municipalities in the modern state of Kerala. Present-day Palakkad district was a part of Malabar District before the formation of Palakkad district. Thrithala Revenue block of present-day Pattambi Taluk
4418-652: The Pooyamkutty project. This promise, however, had not been honoured. The Kerala government has not taken any decision on reviving the Silent Valley Hydel Project". On 18 April 2007, Kerala Chief Minister V S Achuthanandan and his cabinet approved the Pathrakkadavu Hydro-electric project and sent it to the Union Government for environmental approval. Territorial forests located around
4512-663: The Silent Valley (89.52 km ), New Amarambalam (80 km ), Attappadi (120 km ) in Kerala and Kunda in Coimbatore (100 km ) reserve forests , should be developed into a National Rainforest Biosphere Reserve . On 27 October 2020 draft notification was made by Govt. of India for the area around the National park declaring it as eco sensitive zone. Silent Valley is rectangular, twelve kilometres from north to south and seven from east to west. Located between 11°03' to 11°13' N (latitude) and 76°21' to 76°35' E (longitude) it
4606-540: The Silent Valley area. The most abundant bird was the Square-tailed bulbul . There are at least 34 species of mammals at Silent Valley including the threatened lion-tailed macaque , Nilgiri langur , Malabar giant squirrel , Nilgiri tahr , Peshwa's bat ( Myotis peshwa ) and hairy-winged bat . There are nine species of bats , rats and mice . Distribution and demography of all diurnal primates were studied in Silent Valley National Park and adjacent areas for
4700-537: The Union Territory of Puducherry), it is one of the oldest railway divisions in India. The major stations under this railway division are Palakkad Junction , Shoranur Junction , Tirur , Kozhikode , Thalassery , Kannur , Kasaragod , Mangalore Central , Mangalore Junction and Pollachi Junction . It is the only division in India with no terminal facilities in its headquarters. The terminal facility of Palakkad division
4794-425: The area Silent Valley because of a perceived absence of noisy cicadas . Another story attributes the name to the anglicisation of Sairandhri. A third story refers to the presence of many lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus . In 1914, the forest of the Silent Valley area was declared a reserve forest . Between 1927 and 1976, portions of the Silent Valley forest area were subjected to forestry operations. In 1928,
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#17330862848914888-531: The buffer zone proposal. In August 2006, the new Minister for Forests, Benoy Viswam , approved a proposal from the Conservator of Forests for a 148 km buffer zone around the core area of the park. The proposal says: "It is felt absolutely essential that an effective buffer of forests should be immediately formed around the national park in order to save the world famous Silent Valley National Park from all potential dangers. This can only be achieved by bringing
4982-463: The center of city was once used for Major sports meets and football matches in the state, but the stadium is not currently in condition for conducting games due to the lack of maintenance. There is a proposal for the renovation of the stadium with international facilities by the Municipality. The city has Fort Maidan also known as Kota Maidanam , a multi-use stadium in the center of the Palakkad. It
5076-751: The commitment of the LDF Government to protection of environment. The zone is a necessity, not just of the State but also of the nation." The proposal was then sent to Kerala Minister for Electricity, A. K. Balan , who has voiced the need for setting up the Pathrakadavu hydroelectric project in the proposed southwest buffer zone of the National Park, the Thenkara Range of the Mannarkkad Forest Division. As of 9 May 2007 Balan has not given his opinion on
5170-656: The cutting of 48,000 m of timber from about 20 km . Throughout human history about 10% of the genetic stock found in the wild has been bred into palatable and higher yielding cereals, fruits and vegetables. Future food security depends on the preservation of the remaining 90% of the stock through protection of high biodiversity habitats like Silent valley. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources of ICAR (India), Plant Exploration and Collection Division has identified Silent Valley as high in bio-diversity and an important Gene Pool resource for Recombinant DNA innovations. An important example of use of wild germplasm
5264-465: The district is the Palakkad municipality. The municipalities in the district are Palakkad city, Ottapalam , Shornur , Chittur - Tattamangalam , Pattambi , Cherpulassery and Mannarkkad . Out of the total Palakkad District population for 2011 Census of India , 24.09 percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 676,810 people lives in urban areas of which males are 328,012 and females are 348,798. Sex Ratio in urban region of Palakkad District
5358-628: The establishment of Silent Valley National Park. In 1973 the valley became the focus of "Save Silent Valley", India's fiercest environmental movement of the decade, when the Kerala State Electricity Board decided to implement the Silent Valley Hydro-Electric Project (SVHEP) centered on a dam across the Kunthipuzha River . The resulting reservoir would flood 8.3 km of virgin rainforest and threaten
5452-843: The evergreen forests begin to give way to stunted forests, called sholas , interspersed with open grassland , both of which are of interest to ecologists as the rich biodiversity here has never been disturbed by human settlements. Several threatened species are endemic here. New plant and animal species are often discovered here. Birdlife International lists 16 bird species in Silent Valley as threatened or restricted:- Nilgiri wood-pigeon , Malabar parakeet , Malabar grey hornbill , white-bellied treepie , grey-headed bulbul , broad-tailed grassbird , rufous babbler , Wynaad laughingthrush , Nilgiri laughing thrush , Nilgiri blue robin , black-and-rufous flycatcher , Nilgiri flycatcher , white-bellied blue-flycatcher , crimson-backed sunbird and Nilgiri pipit . Rare bird species found here include
5546-569: The fifth-highest peak in South India, and Anginda peak are also located in its vicinity. Bhavani River , a tributary of Kaveri River , and Kunthipuzha River , a tributary of Bharathappuzha river, originate in the vicinity of Silent Valley. The Kadalundi River has also its origin in Silent Valley. Palakkad District is one of the main centre of education in Kerala state India. Palakkad District has Prominent Educational Institutions provide platform for various level of education . The district
5640-548: The fifth-highest peak in South India, and Anginda peak are also located in its vicinity. The Bhavani River , a tributary of the Kaveri River , and Kunthipuzha River , a tributary of Bharathappuzha river, originate in the vicinity of Silent Valley. The Kadalundi River also originates in Silent Valley National Park. The national park is one of the last undisturbed tracts of South Western Ghats mountain rain forests and tropical moist evergreen forest in India. Contiguous with
5734-747: The land; and hence Palakkad or "the forest of Pala trees".Some believe, connecting the ancient Jain Temple in the town, that the sacred language Pali gave the name. In 1757, to check the invasion of the Zamorin of Calicut , the Palakkad Raja sought the help of Hyder Ali of Mysore. Later his son Tipu sultan became the ruler. Before the Indian Independence, present-day Kerala state was scattered in South Canara , Malabar District of British India , and two princely states namely Cochin and Travancore . The first All-Kerala conference of Indian National Congress
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#17330862848915828-608: The lion-tailed macaque. In 1976 the Kerala State Electricity Board announced plans to begin dam construction and the issue was brought to public attention. Romulus Whitaker , founder of the Madras Snake Park and the Madras Crocodile Bank , was probably the first person to draw public attention to the small and remote area. On 7 September 1985 the Silent Valley National Park was formally inaugurated and
5922-512: The location on the Kunthipuzha River at Sairandhri was identified as an ideal site for electricity generation , and in 1958 a study and survey of the area was conducted and a hydroelectric project of 120 MV costing Rs. 17 crore was proposed by the Kerala State Electricity Board . Silent Valley is home to the largest population of lion-tailed macaques , an endangered species of primate . Public concern over threats to their habitat led to
6016-449: The management of Silent Valley National Park as well as the proposed buffer zone under one management umbrella to insulate the park from all possible dangers." The proposed buffer zone will have 94 km in Attappady Reserve Forest east of the Kunthipuzha and 54 km taken from the Mannarkaad range and Nilambur south division west of the river. In January 2006, the former Kerala Minister for Forest and Environment, A. Sujanapal , said
6110-408: The maximum number of species. 13 species were endemic to South India, including 5 species having protected status. Seven species of butterflies were observed migrating in a mixed swarm of thousands of butterflies towards the Silent Valley National Park. In one instance an observer noted several birds attempting to catch these butterflies. A survey jointly conducted by Indian Dragonfly Society and
6204-511: The most officials and brings the most revenue to the state. It is one of the 10 biggest check posts in India, with nearly 200 officials. The other checkposts have fewer than 40. Commercial taxes comprise 76% of the state exchequer. Exporting timber also is a major occupation. Malabar Cements Ltd, a public sector undertaking owned by the Kerala government. It produces grey cement. Jayaprakash Narayan Smrithivanam deer park sits beside NH 47. The park spreads over 110 acres of forested area. It mainly
6298-572: The most undisturbed viable habitats left for the endemic and endangered primates lion-tailed macaque and Nilgiri langur. Tiger , leopard , leopard cat , jungle cat , common palm civet , small Indian civet , brown palm civet , ruddy mongoose , stripe-necked mongoose , dhole , clawless otter , sloth bear , small Travancore flying squirrel , Indian pangolin (scaly anteater), porcupine , wild boar , sambar , spotted deer , barking deer , mouse deer , elephant and gaur also live here. There are at least 730 identified species of insects in
6392-449: The national park have been subject to a working-plan to accomplish revenue oriented objectives such as extraction of bamboo and reed which affect the long-term conservation of the park. In addition, illegal activities such as ganja ( Cannabis sativa ) cultivation has caused habitat degradation. On 21 November 2009, Union Minister of Forest and Environment Jairam Ramesh and Kerala Forest Minister Binoy Viswam declared, while inaugurating
6486-453: The neighbouring Nilambur region (Eastern Eranad region) in Malappuram district, is known for natural Gold fields, which is also seen in other parts of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve . The climate is pleasant for most parts of the year, the exception is the summer months. There is sufficient rainfall and it receives more rainfall than the extreme southern districts of Kerala. The district has many small and medium rivers, which are tributaries of
6580-399: The park's biodiversity stimulated an environmentalist social movement in the 1970s, known as the Save Silent Valley movement, which resulted in cancelling the project and creating the park in 1980. The visitors' centre for the park is at Sairandhri. The first Western investigation of the watersheds of the Silent Valley area was in 1857 by the botanist Robert Wight . The British named
6674-670: The park. The Silent Valley Bush Frog, Raorchestes silentvalley , first described in 2016, is named after the park. The flora of the valley include about a 1000 species of flowering plants, 108 species of orchids, 100 ferns and fern allies, 200 liverworts , 75 lichens and about 200 algae . A majority of these plants are endemic to the Western Ghats. Angiosperm flora currently identified here include 966 species belonging to 134 families and 599 genera. There are 701 Dicotyledons distributed among 113 families and 420 genera. There are 265 Monocotyledons here distributed among 21 families and 139 genera. Families best represented are
6768-580: The park. The maximum number of species belong to the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera . Many unclassified species have been collected and there is a need for further studies. 33 species of crickets and grasshoppers have been recorded of which one was new. 41 species of true bugs (eight new) have been recorded. 128 species of beetles including 10 new species have been recorded. Over 128 species of butterflies and 400 species of moths live here. A 1993 study found butterflies belonging to 9 families. The families Nymphalidae and Papilionidae contained
6862-461: The population respectively. The district is home to the largest ratio of Scheduled Castes (SC) population in Kerala, which accounts for around 15% of total population of the district. The total Palakkad District population living in rural areas is 2,133,124 of which males and females are 1,031,466 and 1,101,658 respectively. In rural areas of Palakkad District , sex ratio is 1068 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Palakkad district
6956-561: The presence of Palakkad Gap . Palakkad has a medium-grade network of roads. The National Highway 544 from Salem to Kochi passes through the outskirts of the city. National Highway 966 starts from Palakkad and joins NH 66 near Kozhikode. Another important road is the Palakkad – Ponnani road which connects NH 544 and Mumbai - Kanyakumari coastal NH 66 . Palakkad City has four Bus Stations includes KSRTC Terminal Palakkad and three Private Bus stands named Stadium Stand , Municipal Bus stand, and Town Bus Stand. Palakkad KSRTC depot
7050-1038: The previous census of India 2001, Palakkad District recorded increase of 9.88 percent to its population compared to 1991. The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of Palakkad district for 2011 is 627 people per km . In 2001, Palakkad District density was at 584 people per km . Palakkad District administers 4,482 square kilometers of areas. Average literacy rate of Palakkad in 2011 were 89.31 compared to 84.35 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 93.10 and 85.79 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 89.52 and 79.56 in Palakkad District . Total literate in Palakkad District were 2,239,492 of which male and female were 1,122,600 and 1,116,892 respectively. In 2001, Palakkad District had 1,938,818 in its district, With regards to Sex Ratio in Palakkad, it stood at 1067 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 1066. The average national sex ratio in India
7144-571: The project at East Yakkara Palakkad. The Palakkad railway division is one of the six administrative divisions of the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways , headquartered at Palakkad. It is the smallest railway division in Southern Railway. It was formed by dissolving the Podanur division. Managing 588 route kilometers of track in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Mahé (in
7238-464: The proposed Karimpuzha National Park (225 km (87 sq mi)) to the north and Mukurthi National Park (78.46 km ) to the north-east, it is the core of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (1,455.4 km ), and is part of the Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000 km ), Western Ghats World Heritage Site , recognised by UNESCO in 2007. Plans for a hydroelectric project that threatened
7332-457: The rainfall occurs during the south-west monsoon between June and September. The park also receives a significant amount of rainfall during the north-east monsoon between October and November. The park being completely enclosed within a ring of hills, has its own micro-climate and probably receives some convectional rainfall , in addition to rain from the two monsoons. In the remaining months, condensation on vegetation of mist shrouding
7426-509: The rulers of Mysore and were made a part of the larger Kingdom of Mysore . His son and successor, Tipu Sultan , launched campaigns against the expanding British East India Company , resulting in two of the four Anglo-Mysore Wars . Tipu ultimately ceded the Malabar District and South Kanara to the company in the 1790s as a result of the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the subsequent Treaty of Seringapatam ; both were annexed to
7520-473: The silver jubilee celebration of Silent Valley National Park in Palakkad, that the buffer zone of the Park would be made an integral part of it in order to ensure better protection of the area. On 6 June 2007 the Kerala cabinet approved the buffer zone proposal. The new 147.22 km zone will include 80.75 km taken from Attapady Forest Range, 27.09 km from Mannarkkad Forest Range and 39.38 km from Kalikavu Forest Range and consolidated to form
7614-477: The state Utah in the U.S . so it a ranking of 138th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 659 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,710/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.39%. Palakkad has a sex ratio of 1067 females for every 1000 males. The literacy rate of Palakkad district is 89.49%, which is the lowest in Kerala. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.37% and 1.74% of
7708-456: The state. The Mercy College, Palakkad a women's college established in 1964 is one of the familiar institution in Palakkad city. Mannampatta Major Malayalam Newspapers include Malayala Manorama , Mathrubhumi , Deshabhimani , Suprabhaatham Daily have printing centers in Palakkad city and there are also few evening newspapers published from the city. Local news channels like (ACV) are also functioning in city . Palakkad Press Club
7802-657: The valley is estimated to yield 15 per cent of the total water generated in the rainforest. In 2006, the Walakkad area of the park received the highest ever annual rainfall of 9,569.6 mm. In 2000, the figure was 7,788 mm; in 2001, 8,351.9 mm; in 2004, 8465.3 mm; and in 2005, 9,347.8 mm. The annual rainfall received in the valley (at Sairandhri?) was 7,788.8 mm in 2000; 8,361.9 mm in 2001. In 2002, 4,262.5 mm; in 2003, 3,499.65 mm; in 2004, 6,521.27 mm, in 2005, 6,919.38 mm; in 2006, 6,845.05 mm; in 2007, 6,009.35 mm; and in 2008 it
7896-687: The valley. Three are restricted to the southern sector: The remainder are confined to the central and northern parts of the park: A study of natural regeneration of 12 important tree species of Silent Valley tropical rain forests showed good natural regeneration of all 12 species. The species studied were Palaquium ellipticum , Cullenia exarillata , Poeciloneuron indicum , Myristica dactyloides , Elaeocarpus glandulosus , Litsea floribunda , Mesua nagassarium , Cinnamomum malabatrum , Agrostistachys meeboldii , Calophyllum polyanthum , Garcinia morella and Actinodaphne campanulata . In 2001 selective felling of three trees per acre led to
7990-418: Was 4386.5 mm. The figure till October 2009 was 5,477.4 mm. Average annual rainfall in the park between 2000 and 2008 was thus 6,066 mm. The mean annual temperature is 20.2 °C. The hottest months are April and May when the mean temperature is 23 °C and the coolest months are January and February when the mean temperature is 18 °C. Because of the high rainfall, the relative humidity
8084-630: Was a part of the Ponnani taluk . Rest of Pattambi Taluk, Ottapalam , and Mannarkkad Taluks were included in the Valluvanad Taluk of Malappuram Revenue Division in Malabar District. The remaining three Taluks of current Palakkad district (Palakkad, Alathur, and Chittur) together formed the Palghat Taluk of Malabar District during British Raj. At the time of 1951 Census of India , Palakkad
8178-627: Was explored in 1847 by the botanist Robert Wight . It is located in the border of Mannarkkad Taluk of Palakkad district , Nilambur Taluk of Malappuram district , Kerala , and Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu . It is located in the rich biodiversity of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve . The Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary , New Amarambalam Reserved Forest , Nedumkayam Rainforest in Nilambur Taluk of Malappuram district , Attappadi Reserved Forest in Mannarkkad Taluk of Palakkad district , and Mukurthi National Park of Nilgiris district are located around Silent Valley National Park. Mukurthi peak,
8272-480: Was held in 1921 at Ottapalam on the banks of the river Bharathappuzha , which also later demanded a separate state for the Malayalam -speaking regions in future Independent India. Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee was formed in that conference. Before that, Malabar District, Cochin, and Travancore had separate Congress committees. Ottapalam is located right in the middle of Kerala state. The region around Coimbatore
8366-453: Was later annexed by the Kingdom of Valluvanad , which was again followed by the conquest of the Zamorin of Calicut around 15th century C. E. Nedunganad was ruled by a Samanthan Nair clan known as Nedungadis , similar to the Eradis of Eranad and Vellodis of Valluvanad . Other kingdoms in Palakkad district during medieval period included Kollengode and Kavalappara . Both of them became
8460-438: Was net change of −1.42 percent in this compared to previous census of India. Languages of Palakkad district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 93.71% of the population spoke Malayalam and 4.82% Tamil as their first language. The administrative language and widely spoken language is Malayalam . Minority Dravidian languages like Irula (3560 speakers) and Kurumba (1028 speakers) are also spoken here. According to
8554-493: Was revived. The proposed site of the dam (64.5 m high and 275 m long) is just 3.5 km downstream of the old dam site at Sairandhiri, 500 m outside the National Park boundary. The Kerala Minister for Electricity called The Pathrakkadavu dam (PHEP) an "eco-friendly alternative" to the old Silent Valley project. The claim was that the submergence area of the PHEP would be a negligible .041 km compared to 8.30 km submergence of
8648-842: Was ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period between c. first and the fourth centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap , the principal trade route between the Malabar Coast and Tamil Nadu . Palakkad city, which lies on the northern bank of the River Bharathappuzha , was ruled by the Palakkad Rajas ( Tarur Swaroopam ). Palakkad Raja had the right over the Taluks of Palakkad, Alathur , and Chittur . The original headquarters of Palakkad Raja s were at Athavanad , Tirur Taluk , in present-day Malappuram district . It
8742-621: Was the second-largest city in the erstwhile Malabar District after Kozhikode . At that time only two towns in Malabar was treated as cities: Kozhikode and Palakkad . Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Taluk of Palakkad in Malabar District was divided into three: Palakkad , Alathur . Palakkad district was formed by taking parts of the erstwhile Malabar District . On 16 June 1969, Perinthalmanna taluk and Ponnani taluk were separated to form Malappuram district . On same day, Parudur village of Tirur Taluk
8836-547: Was transferred to Palakkad district. Later some years, the Silent Valley National Park of Karuvarakundu village in Eranad Taluk (now Karuvarakundu is a part of Nilambur Taluk) of Malappuram district was transferred Mannarkkad Taluk in Palakkad district. There are 12 legislative assembly seats in Palakkad. There are two Lok Sabha seats in Palakkad district. The presence of Palakkad Gap and proximity to Coimbatore make Palakkad economically important. Palakkad city
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