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56-512: The bill was sponsored by Senator Robert F. Wagner (D-N.Y.) and Rep. Edith Rogers (R-Mass.) in the wake of the 1938 Kristallnacht attacks on Jews in Germany. The bill was introduced to Congress on February 9, 1939. The bill had widespread support among religious and labor groups, but was opposed by nationalist organizations and Democrat Senator Robert Rice Reynolds threatened to filibuster against it. President Franklin D. Roosevelt supported

112-530: A referendum except those in the administrative district of Palatinate won the necessary majority; however, almost 20 years passed before the referendums finally took place. On 19 January 1975, none of the regions concerned returned a majority for being transferred to another state. This put an end to decades of discussion. Only the AKK conflict , a dispute over the districts of Mainz-Amöneburg , Mainz-Kastel , and Mainz-Kostheim , has continued to exercise politicians up to

168-540: A coalition for these reforms that embraced unions, social workers, some businessmen, and numerous middle-class activists and civic reform organizations across the state. Wagner left the state senate in 1918, and served as a justice of the New York Supreme Court until his election to the U.S. Senate in 1926. As a Senator, Wagner was a leader of the New Deal Coalition , putting special emphasis on supporting

224-445: A recent cultivar , is the leading red grape cultivated on 7,626 hectares (18,840 acres), which is more than a third. Blauer Portugieser (4,446 hectares (10,990 acres)) and Spätburgunder (3,867 hectares (9,560 acres)) show also appreciable cultivated shares. In addition, Pinot blanc , Pinot gris , Chardonnay as white varieties and Regent and St. Laurent as red varieties have been increasing their share, as

280-676: A reputation as leading progressive reformers working on behalf of the working class. In the process, they changed Tammany's reputation from mere corruption to progressive endeavors to help workers. Wagner was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Conventions of 1915 and 1938 and a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1919 to 1926. Wagner was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1926 and re-elected in 1932 , 1938 , and 1944 . He resigned on June 28, 1949, due to ill health. He

336-528: Is a common occasion. The deep Valleys of Rhine and Moselle with an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ). Summers are hot and moist, while winters are cool. Freezing temperatures are rare and snow usually melts within hours. The mild climate allows palm trees , fig trees , stone pines , oleander shrubs, olive trees , almond trees and other exotic plants to be grown in this area. The forests in this region are home to common pests such as Melolontha Hippocastrani , that cause damage to

392-491: Is a western state of Germany . It covers 19,846 km (7,663 sq mi) and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are Ludwigshafen am Rhein , Koblenz , Trier , Kaiserslautern , Worms , and Neuwied . It is bordered by North Rhine-Westphalia , Saarland , Baden-Württemberg and Hesse and by France, Luxembourg and Belgium . Rhineland-Palatinate

448-785: Is the most forested state along with Hesse. The state's major rivers are the Rhine, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site Middle Rhine , and the Moselle . Several crater lakes of volcanic origin are in the Eifel , the largest of which is the Laacher See . Climatically, Rhineland-Palatinate can be divided into two areas: The Rhenish Massif with a typically humid continental climate (Dfb). Summers here are usually warm with much precipitation and winters tend to be dry and cold. Snowfall

504-564: Is the renowned Schloss Wachenheim Group. This company is headquartered in Trier, with operations in several locations in Rhineland-Palatinate and three sites in France (Compagnie Française des Grands Vins (CFGV)). Other renowned sparkling wine producers such as Kupferberg , Deinhard , and Henkell also had their roots in the region, but now belong to companies outside the state as

560-527: The 132nd , 133rd , 134th , 135th , 136th , 137th , 138th , 139th , 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures . He was President pro tempore of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1914. Wagner became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York after the impeachment of Governor William Sulzer , and the succession of Lieutenant Governor Martin H. Glynn to the governorship. In 1914, while Wagner remained President pro tempore, John F. Murtaugh

616-488: The House Immigration Committee never reported the bill out; eleven members were said to be opposed and eight in favor. Historian Richard Breitman argues that, in addition to general anti-immigration sentiment, anti-semitism also played a substantial role in the bill's defeat. This United States federal legislation article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

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672-900: The National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 and the Wagner–Steagall Housing Act of 1937. After the Supreme Court ruled the National Industrial Recovery Act and the National Recovery Administration unconstitutional, Wagner helped pass the National Labor Relations Act (also known as the Wagner Act) in 1935, a similar but much more expansive bill. The National Labor Relations Act, perhaps Wagner's greatest achievement,

728-747: The Pennsylvania Dutch , Maryland Palatines , Ohio Rhinelanders , and Missouri Rhinelanders . The state of Rhineland-Palatinate was founded shortly after the Second World War , on 30 August 1946. It was formed mainly from the southern part of the Prussian Rhine Province (the Regierungsbezirke of Koblenz and Trier ), from Rhenish Hesse , from the western part of Nassau and the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate minus

784-562: The Saar Protectorate until the latter was returned to German control in 1957. Rhineland-Palatinate's natural and cultural heritage includes the extensive Palatinate winegrowing region, picturesque landscapes, and many castles and palaces . Rhineland-Palatinate is currently the only federal state in Germany where nuclear weapons are stored extraterritorially under the responsibility and supervision of US forces . Several German-American ethnicities originated from this state, such as

840-526: The Saarland from joining Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz was named as the state capital in the regulation; the "Mixed Commission" ( Gemischte Kommission ), named as the highest organ of state charged with the administration of the new state and with the preparation of an advisory state assembly, started its work in Mainz. However war damage and destruction meant that Mainz did not have enough administrative buildings, so

896-555: The Wagner–Rogers Bill to admit 20,000 Jewish refugees under the age of 14 to the United States from Nazi Germany , but the bill never passed. Wagner and Edward P. Costigan sponsored a federal anti-lynching law in 1934. They tried to persuade President Roosevelt to support the bill but Roosevelt refused for fear of alienating Southern Democrats and losing their support for New Deal programs. There were 18 lynchings of blacks in

952-682: The minister president of the new state by the French military government. Adolf Süsterhenn submitted to the Advisory State Assembly a draft constitution, which was passed after several rounds of negotiation on 25 April 1947 in a final vote, with the absolute majority of the CDU voting for and the SPD and KPD voting against. A point of contention involved the draft constitution providing for separate schools based on Christian denomination. On 18 May 1947, 53% of

1008-772: The "Famous Five", were unveiled on March 12, 1959. The public middle school located at 220 East 76th Street in New York City is named after him. The former Wagner Hall on the campus of the City College of New York is named for him. Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( / ˌ r aɪ n l æ n d p ə ˈ l æ t ɪ n ɪ t , - l ə n d -/ RYNE -land pə- LAT -in-it, -⁠lənd- , US also /- ɪ n eɪ t / -⁠in-ayt ; German: Rheinland-Pfalz [ˈʁaɪnlant ˈpfalts] ; Luxembourgish : Rheinland-Pfalz [ˈʀɑɪnlɑm ˈpfɑlts] ; Palatine German : Rhoilond-Palz )

1064-514: The "backbone" of the economy in Rhineland-Palatinate. The principal employer is the chemical and plastics processing industry, which is represented by BASF in Ludwigshafen . Boehringer , BioNTech , Joh. A. Benckiser , SGE Deutsche Holding, and Schott Glassworks conclude the top five companies in the state. Rhineland-Palatinate is Germany's leading producer of wine in terms of grape cultivation and wine export. Its capital, Mainz, may be called

1120-456: The Americans to the French. To begin with, the French divided the region provisionally into two "upper presidiums" ( Oberpräsidien ), Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau (for the hitherto Prussian government districts and regions of Koblenz , Trier , and Montabaur ) and Hesse-Palatinate (for the hitherto Bavarian Palatinate and old Hessian-Darmstadt province of Rhenish Hesse ). The formation of the state

1176-683: The Constitutional Court and the State Archives. In addition, the German Federal Archives and Federal Office of Hydrology were established in Koblenz in 1952. A sense of community developed only very gradually in the "land of the retort", which had been established largely without regard to the historical affiliations of its inhabitants. It was given little chance of survival, especially as it had very few large industrial centres. However,

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1232-539: The Holocaust is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Robert F. Wagner Active Defunct Journals TV channels Websites Other Robert Ferdinand Wagner I (June 8, 1877 – May 4, 1953) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who represented the state of New York in the United States Senate from 1927 to 1949. Born in Prussia , Wagner immigrated to

1288-543: The New York City Board of Education in the 80s and 90s. On September 14, 2004, a portrait of Wagner, along with one of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg , was unveiled in the Senate Reception Room. The new portraits joined a group of distinguished former senators, including Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , Robert M. La Follette , and Robert A. Taft . Portraits of this group of senators, known as

1344-655: The Prussian Rhine Province ), the parts of the Province of Rhenish Hesse ( Rheinhessen ) west of the River Rhine and belonged to the People's State of Hesse ( Volksstaat Hessen ), parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau ( Montabaur ), and the former Oldenburg region around Birkenfeld ( Principality of Birkenfeld ). On 10 July 1945, the occupation authority on the soil of the present-day Rhineland-Palatinate transferred from

1400-695: The South in 1935, but after the threat of federal legislation, the number fell to eight in 1936 and to two in 1939. On June 28, 1949, Wagner resigned from the Senate because of ill health; John Foster Dulles was appointed by Governor Thomas E. Dewey on July 7, 1949, to fill the vacancy temporarily. Wagner was raised as a Lutheran , but he became a Methodist in his college years and taught Sunday school; he converted to Roman Catholicism in 1946. In 1908, Wagner married Margaret Marie McTague. She died in 1919. They had one son, Robert F. Wagner Jr. In 1927, he received

1456-587: The United States with his family in 1885. After graduating from New York Law School , Wagner won election to the New York State Legislature , eventually becoming the Democratic leader of the New York State Senate . Working closely with fellow New York City Democrat Al Smith , Wagner and Smith embraced reform, especially to the benefit of their core constituency, the working class . They built

1512-497: The bill, but thought he lacked the wherewithal to overcome congressional resistance. His wife, Eleanor Roosevelt , also expressed support for the bill. A poll by the American Friends Service Committee found that thirty-five senators were "in favor" of the bill and thirty-four "probably in favor". These votes may have sufficed for the bill to pass, but a filibuster would have likely caused problems. Nevertheless,

1568-813: The capital of the German wine industry, being the home of the German Wine Institute, the German Wine Fund in the Haus des Deutschen Weines (House of German Wine), and the Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP) Wine Bourse, which brings together the top winemakers of Germany and the wine merchants of the world. Of 13 wine regions producing quality wine in Germany, six ( Rheinhessen , Pfalz , Mosel , Nahe , Mittelrhein , and Ahr ) are located in Rhineland-Palatinate, with 65 to 70% of

1624-497: The center of Jewish life during medieval times. The Takkanot Shum ( Hebrew : תקנות שו"ם ), or Enactments of ShU"M were a set of decrees formulated and agreed upon over a period of decades by their Jewish community leaders. Today, there are approximately 20,000 Jews (0.5% of the population) living in the state. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 147.0 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.4% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

1680-736: The control of the Franks , to the control of the Holy Roman Empire , and saw fighting during the First and Second World Wars. The present state of Rhineland-Palatinate formed part of the French Zone of Occupation (1945–1949) after the Second World War. It comprised the former Bavarian Palatinate, the Regierungsbezirke ("government districts") of Koblenz and Trier (which formed the southern part of

1736-460: The county of Saarpfalz . The Joint German-Luxembourg Sovereign Region ( Gemeinschaftliches deutsch-luxemburgisches Hoheitsgebiet ) is the only unincorporated area of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. This condominium is formed by the rivers Moselle , Sauer , and Our , where they run along the border between Luxembourg and Rhineland-Palatinate or the Saarland. The region has a vast history, from

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1792-684: The electorate adopted the Constitution for Rhineland-Palatinate in a referendum . While the Catholic north and west of the new state adopted the constitution by a majority, the majority in Rhenish Hesse and the Palatinate voted against it. On the same date the first elections took place for the state parliament, the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate . The inaugural assembly of parliament took place on 4 June 1947 in

1848-574: The establishment of numerous military bases, both Allied and Bundeswehr , helped to some extent to boost the economy. In 1956, under Article 29 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany , petitions were made in the regions of Koblenz, Trier, Montabaur, Rhenish Hesse, and Palatinate for their separation from the state and incorporation into the respective states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Bavaria, and Baden-Württemberg. All petitions for

1904-494: The first honorary citizenship of Nastaetten, his town of birth. In the 1930s, Wagner dated the communist journalist Marguerite Young . He died on May 4, 1953, in New York City, and was interred in Calvary Cemetery, Queens . His son Robert F. Wagner Jr. was Mayor of New York City from 1954 to 1965. His grandson, Robert (Bobby) Ferdinand Wagner III, was a Deputy Mayor, Director Urban Planning Commission and President of

1960-623: The foliage and soil. The Rhenish Massif forms roughly the northern half of the state, including the regions Eifel, Moselle Valley , Hunsrück , Westerwald , and parts of the Taunus . The Palatinate forms the biggest part of the southern half along with Rhenish Hesse . The Nahe Valley separates both parts. Rhineland-Palatinate is divided into 24 districts ( Landkreise ), 12 independent cities ( Kreisfreie Städte ). Listing with Vehicle registration plates of Germany Listing with Vehicle registration plates of Germany The following table shows

2016-835: The future President when they were in the New York state legislature together, was a member of Franklin Roosevelt 's Brain Trust . He was very involved in labor issues, fought for legal protection and rights for workers, and was a leader in crafting the New Deal . In April 1943, a confidential analysis by British scholar Isaiah Berlin of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for the British Foreign Office stated of Wagner: His most important legislative achievements include

2072-535: The growing conditions improve in Rhineland-Palatinate. The state supports the wine industry by providing a comprehensive consultancy and education program in the service supply centers (German: DLR ) of the land. The Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding is fully financed by the state. Many well-known new varieties such as Morio-Muskat , Bacchus , Optima , and Regent have been created in these institutes. The worldwide leader in sparkling wine production, producing 224,4 million bottles in 2017/18,

2128-562: The headquarters of the state government and parliament was provisionally established in Koblenz . On 22 November 1946, the constituent meeting of the Advisory State Assembly ( Beratende Landesversammlung ) took place there, and a draft constitution was drawn up. Previously, local elections had been held. Wilhelm Boden was (after a short term of office as the Oberregierungspräsident of Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau) nominated on 2 December as

2184-579: The labor movement. He was a close associate and strong supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt . He sponsored three major laws: the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (also known as the Wagner Act), the Social Security Act of 1935, and the Housing Act of 1937 . Wagner resigned from the Senate in 1949 due to ill health, and died in 1953. His son, Robert F. Wagner Jr. , was mayor of New York City from 1954 through 1965. Robert Ferdinand Wagner

2240-562: The large city hall at Koblenz . Wilhelm Boden was elected the first minister-president of Rhineland-Palatinate. Just one month later, Peter Altmeier succeeded him. The constitutional bodies – the Government ( Landesregierung ), the Parliament ( Landtag ) and the Constitutional Court ( Verfassungsgerichtshof ) – established their provisional seat in Koblenz. In the following period, Koblenz and Mainz each emphasized their suitability as

2296-427: The option open of annexing further areas west of the Rhine after the Saarland was turned into a protectorate . When the Americans and British, however had led the way with the establishment of German states, the French came under increasing pressure and eventually followed their example by setting up the states of Baden , Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Rhineland-Palatinate. However the French military government forbade

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2352-611: The predecessor to the Javits–Wagner–O'Day Act . Wagner was instrumental in writing the Social Security Act , and originally introduced it in the United States Senate. The Wagner–Hatfield amendment to the Communications Act of 1934 , aimed at turning over twenty-five percent of all radio channels to non-profit radio broadcasters , did not pass. In 1939 he co-sponsored with Representative Edith Nourse Rogers (R–MA)

2408-518: The present day. Rhineland-Palatinate shares international borders with France ( Grand Est ), Luxembourg ( Clervaux , Diekirch , Echternach , Grevenmacher , Remich , and Vianden ), and Belgium ( Wallonia ). Within Germany, its neighbours are Baden-Württemberg , Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia , and the Saarland . It is the ninth-largest state by area. Rhineland-Palatinate is part of the SaarLorLux euregion. With 42% of its area covered by forests, it

2464-399: The production of wine grapes in Germany having their origin within the state. About 13,000 wine producers generate 80 to 90% of the German wine export. The total estimated production from the six Rhineland-Palatinate regions was nearly 7 million hectoliters in 2018. Traditional grape varieties and a wide range of varieties developed during the last 125 years are characteristic for

2520-448: The region. Classical white varieties are cultivated at 63,683 hectares (157,360 acres). These comprise the famous Rieslings 14,446 hectares (35,700 acres), Müller-Thurgau (8,663 hectares (21,410 acres)), Silvaner (3,701 hectares (9,150 acres)), and Kerner (3,399 hectares (8,400 acres)). The share of red varieties grew constantly during the last decades and amounts to 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres). Dornfelder ,

2576-602: The state capital in a public debate. From the beginning, Minister-President Altmeier pressed for Mainz as the capital because he knew that the south of the country, especially the Palatinate, would not accept Koblenz, which was far to the north and formerly Prussian. On 16 May 1950, the Landtag decided to relocate itself and the Landesregierung from Koblenz to Mainz. After the government and parliament moved to Mainz, many state authorities and courts remained in Koblenz, including

2632-612: The ten largest cities of Rhineland-Palatinate: In 2018, 40.3% of the population of the state adhered to the Roman Catholic Church and 26.8% to the Protestant Church in Germany ; 32.9% of the population was irreligious or adheres to other religions. Muslims made up 5.0% of the total. The league of ShUM-cities in the later Rhineland-Palatinate comprised the Jewish communities of Mainz, Speyer , and Worms , which became

2688-432: Was 33,100 euros or 110% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 102% of the EU average. Rhineland-Palatinate leads all German states with an export rate around 50%. Important sectors are the winegrowing , chemical , pharmaceutical , and auto parts industries . "Distinctive regional industries" includes gemstones , ceramics and glass, and leather. Small and medium enterprises are considered

2744-425: Was a brother of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and from New York Law School in 1900. He was admitted to the bar in 1900. As a young lawyer he became part of the Tammany Hall Democratic machine in Manhattan. He was elected to New York State Assembly in 1905 (New York Co., 30th D.), 1907 and 1908 (both New York Co., 22nd D.). He was a member of the New York State Senate (16th D.) from 1909 to 1918, sitting in

2800-404: Was a seminal event in the history of organized labor in the United States. It created the National Labor Relations Board , which mediated disputes between unions and corporations, and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many "unfair labor practices" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union. He also introduced the Railway Pension Law and cosponsored the Wagner–O'Day Act,

2856-473: Was born on June 8, 1877, in Nastätten , Hesse-Nassau , Kingdom of Prussia , German Empire (now in Rhein-Lahn-Kreis , Rhineland-Palatinate , Federal Republic of Germany ). The family immigrated to the United States in 1885 and settled in New York City 's Yorkville neighborhood, where Wagner attended the public schools. His father was a janitor. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (now named City College of New York ) in 1898, where he

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2912-426: Was chosen Majority Leader of the State Senate. That was the only time before 2009 that the two offices were not held by the same person. After the Democrats lost their Senate majority, Wagner was Senate Minority Leader from January 1915 until he retired in 1918. In the aftermath of the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire , he was Chairman of the State Factory Investigating Committee (1911–1915). His Vice Chairman

2968-422: Was established in 1946 after World War II , from parts of the former states of Prussia (part of its Rhineland and Nassau provinces ), Hesse ( Rhenish Hesse ) and Bavaria (its former outlying Palatinate kreis or district), by the French military administration in Allied-occupied Germany . Rhineland-Palatinate became part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and shared the country's only border with

3024-399: Was fellow Tammany Hall politician, Al Smith . They held a series of widely publicized investigations around the state, interviewing 222 witnesses and taking 3500 pages of testimony. They started with the issue of fire safety and moved on to broader issues of the risks of injury in the factory environment. Their findings led to 38 new laws regulating labor in New York State and gave each of them

3080-480: Was ordained on 30 August 1946, the last state in the Western Zone of Occupation to be established, by Regulation No. 57 of the French military government under General Marie-Pierre Kœnig . It was initially called Rhenish-Palatinate ( Rheinpfälzisches Land or Land Rheinpfalz ); the name Rhineland-Palatinate ( Rheinland-Pfalz ) was first confirmed in the constitution of 18 May 1947. The provisional French government at that time wanted originally to leave

3136-503: Was unable to attend any sessions of the 80th or 81st Congress from 1947 to 1949 because of a heart ailment. Wagner was the Chairman of the Committee on Patents in the 73rd Congress , of the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys in the 73rd and 74th Congresses, and of the Committee on Banking and Currency in the 75th through 79th Congresses. He was a delegate to the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire , in 1944. Wagner, who had known

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