The Southern Hemisphere is the half ( hemisphere ) of Earth that is south of the Equator . It contains all or parts of five continents (the whole of Antarctica , the whole of Australia , about 90% of South America , about one-third of Africa , and some islands off the continental mainland of Asia ) and four oceans (the whole Southern Ocean , the majority of the Indian Ocean , the South Atlantic Ocean , and the South Pacific Ocean ), as well as New Zealand and most of the Pacific Islands in Oceania . Its surface is 80.9% water, compared with 60.7% water in the Northern Hemisphere , and it contains 32.7% of Earth's land.
33-574: Wagin / ˈ w eɪ dʒ ɪ n / is a town and shire in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia , approximately 225 km (139.81 mi) south-east of Perth on the Great Southern Highway between Narrogin and Katanning . It is also on State Route 107 . The main industries are wheat and sheep farming. The name of the town is derived from Wagin Lake , a usually dry salt lake south of
66-573: A Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.946, the tenth-highest in the world as of the 2024 report. New Zealand is also well developed, with a nominal GDP per capita of US$ 48,072 and an HDI of 0.939, putting it at number 16 in the world in 2024. The least developed nations in the Southern Hemisphere cluster in Africa and Oceania, with Mozambique and Burundi at the lowest ends of the HDI, at 0.461 (number 183 in
99-536: A short period of time, the heaviest for 20 years. Water over 1 foot (30 cm) deep flowed through the Town Hall and along business premises and dwellings along Tudor Street. The railway yards were flooded and the railway dam burst under the water pressure. The Big Ram or Giant Ram, a tourist attraction, was erected in Wetlands Park in 1985. The sculptor was Andrew Hickson, who constructed the ram from fibreglass over
132-467: A sizeable property east of Wagin known as Behn Ord . Significant extensions were added to the building in 1911. The Wagin Road Boards building was built in 1912 at a cost of £400. The building housed the town library for many years before it moved to the former Town Hall in 2023. Planning for the construction of the current town hall commenced in 1928 with tenders being called for. The estimated cost for
165-547: A steel frame. The ram stands 9 metres (30 ft) tall, 13 m (43 ft) long and 6 m (20 ft) wide, and weighs 4 tonnes (3.94 long tons; 4.41 short tons). Thousands of tourists visit the park each year to view the ram. The sculpture is the second largest of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere . Wagin was the closest major town to the Arthur River earthquake swarm recorded during January 2022. The peak of
198-571: Is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia , about 230 kilometres (143 mi) southeast of the state capital, Perth . The Shire covers an area of about 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Wagin . It was first established as the Arthur Road District on 10 February 1887. It was renamed the Wagin Road District on 10 February 1905. The Wagin township
231-667: Is located in the Southern Hemisphere, and it is deemed by the International Hydrographic Organization as being wholly within the South Pacific Ocean, rather than the North Pacific. More than 850 million people live in the Southern Hemisphere, representing around 10–12% of the total global human population. Of those 850 million people, more than 203 million live in Brazil , the largest country by land area in
264-479: Is mostly concentrated on/around the islands of Bali , Mauritius , and Fiji . The oldest continuously inhabited city in the Southern Hemisphere is Bogor , in western Java , which was founded in 669 . Ancient texts from the Hindu kingdoms prevalent in the area definitively record 669 CE as the year when Bogor was founded. However, some evidence shows that Zanzibar , an ancient port with around 200,000 inhabitants off
297-623: Is now also planted in Southern Africa and Latin America for pulp production, and increasingly, biofuel uses. One of the most notable animals to be found almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere is the penguin . A species is found around Isabela Island on the Galápagos archipelago in the Pacific Ocean , which straddles the equator. However, most of Isabela and the rest of the archipelago
330-742: The Age of Discovery , the Southern Hemisphere was largely cut off from the cultural constructs of the Western and Eastern worlds . Some view both the West and the East as being Northern Hemisphere-centric concepts. The most widespread religions in the modern Southern Hemisphere are Christianity , prevalent in South America, Africa, Oceania, and East Timor , followed by Islam in East Africa and Indonesia , and Hinduism , which
363-475: The Norte Chico civilization and Casma–Sechin culture from the northern coast of Peru. These civilizations built cities, pyramids, and plazas in the coastal river valleys of northern Peru with some ruins dating back to 3600 BCE . Easter Island , located about 3,500 kilometres from Chile and French Polynesia , is considered to be the most remote place on Earth to have been permanently inhabited by humans before
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#1733085791791396-615: The Northern Hemisphere , except in the Antarctic which is colder than the Arctic . This is because the Southern Hemisphere has significantly more ocean and much less land; water heats up and cools down more slowly than land. The differences are also attributed to oceanic heat transfer and differing extents of greenhouse trapping. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Sun passes from east to west through
429-702: The anticlockwise direction. During solar eclipses viewed from a point to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the Moon moves from left to right on the disc of the Sun (see, for example, photos with timings of the solar eclipse of November 13, 2012 ), while viewed from a point to the north of the Tropic of Cancer (i.e., in the Northern Hemisphere), the Moon moves from right to left during solar eclipses. The Coriolis effect causes cyclones and tropical storms to spin clockwise in
462-799: The Age of Discovery. It was settled by a Polynesian group known as the Rapa Nui . Areas of the Southern Hemisphere that had no contact with humans before the Age of Discovery include Christmas Island and Mauritius (in the Indian Ocean ), the Galápagos Islands , Juan Fernández Islands and Lord Howe Island (in the South Pacific), the Falkland Islands and Tristan da Cunha (in the South Atlantic ) and
495-408: The Southern Hemisphere include Bali , Buenos Aires , Cape Town , Easter Island , Lima , Rio de Janeiro , Sydney and Tahiti . According to a 2017 report, the most popular Southern Hemisphere " bucket list " destinations among Australians were Antarctica , New Zealand , the Galápagos Islands , South Africa and Peru . Quito, Ecuador is the closest major city to the equatorial line on
528-745: The Southern Hemisphere include São Paulo , where the B3 (stock exchange) is headquartered, along with Sydney, home to the Australian Securities Exchange , Jakarta, the seat of the Indonesia Stock Exchange , Johannesburg , home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange , and Buenos Aires, headquarters of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange , the oldest stock market in the Southern Hemisphere. Common tourist destinations in
561-474: The Southern Hemisphere with brighter and more numerous stars. Forests in the Southern Hemisphere have special features which set them apart from those in the Northern Hemisphere. Both Chile and Australia share, for example, unique beech species or Nothofagus , and New Zealand has members of the closely related genera Lophozonia and Fuscospora . The eucalyptus is native to Australia but
594-1053: The Southern Hemisphere). Portuguese is the most spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere, with over 230 million speakers in six countries – mostly in Brazil, but also in Angola , Mozambique , East Timor , and small parts of Equatorial Guinea and São Tomé and Príncipe that lie south of the Equator . Among the largest metropolitan areas in the Southern Hemisphere are Jakarta (34 million people), São Paulo (22 million), Kinshasa-Brazzaville (19 million), Buenos Aires (16 million), Rio de Janeiro (12 million), Johannesburg , Lima (11 million each), Surabaya (10 million), Bandung (9 million), Luanda (8 million), Dar es Salaam , Santiago (7 million each), Belo Horizonte , Semarang (6 million each), Sydney , Melbourne and Cape Town (5 million each). Important financial and commercial centres in
627-401: The Southern Hemisphere, as opposed to anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. The southern temperate zone , a subsection of the Southern Hemisphere, is nearly all oceanic. The Sagittarius constellation that includes the galactic centre is a southern constellation as well as both Magellanic Clouds . This, combined with clearer skies, makes for excellent viewing of the night sky from
660-507: The Southern Hemisphere, while more than 150 million live in Java , the most populous island in the world. The most populous country in the Southern Hemisphere is Indonesia , with 275 million people (roughly 30 million of whom live north of the Equator on the northern portions of the islands of Sumatra , Borneo , and Sulawesi , as well as most of North Maluku , while the rest of the population lives in
693-450: The building was £6000. The foundation stone was laid in May of the same year by Sydney Stubbs . The building included a main hall to seat 600 people, a lesser hall to seat 250, library, council chambers, stage, kitchen and dressing rooms, and was completed early in 1929 at a cost of £6500. In 1934 the town was extensively flooded after the area experienced 5.4 inches (137 mm) of rainfall in
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#1733085791791726-512: The coast of Tanzania , may be older than Bogor. A Greco-Roman text written between 1 and 100 CE , the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , mentioned the island of Menuthias ( Ancient Greek : Μενουθιάς) as a trading port on the east African coast, which is probably the small Tanzanian island of Unguja on which Zanzibar is located. The oldest monumental civilizations in the Southern Hemisphere are
759-406: The north, although north of the Tropic of Capricorn the mean Sun can be directly overhead or due south at midday. The Sun follows a right-to-left trajectory through the northern sky unlike the left-to-right motion of the Sun when seen from the Northern Hemisphere as it passes through the southern sky. Sun-cast shadows turn anticlockwise throughout the day and sundials have the hours increasing in
792-476: The planet, and Ushuaia, Argentina claims the title of world's southernmost city. Cape Town, Christchurch , Hobart , Punta Arenas and Ushuaia are officially acknowledged as the five international Antarctic gateway cities that serve as primary entry points for travel to the Antarctic region. Among the most developed nations in the Southern Hemisphere is Australia, with a nominal GDP per capita of US$ 63,487 and
825-414: The population of the town was 175: 125 men and 50 women. Saint George's Anglican church, a stone Federation Gothic style stone building with a tower, was constructed in 1900 on land donated by Frederick Piesse . The Palace Hotel was built in 1905. The two-storey Federation Filigree style building with large verandahs in located on Trudhoe Street. The original owner was Paddy. B. Durack, who also owned
858-754: The swarm occurred on 25 January 2022 with a magnitude 4.7/4.8 earthquake, which caused minor damage such as wall cracks to properties in the area. Wagin is one of the largest towns in the southern Wheatbelt, and annually hosts the Wagin Woolorama, one of Western Australia's largest agricultural shows . The event held in March each year regularly attracts over 30,000 visitors. Two sets of three well-known brothers played league football after leaving Wagin: Murray , Harry and Phil Riseborough ; and Peter , Phil and Wally Matera . Shire of Wagin The Shire of Wagin
891-476: The tilt of Earth's rotation relative to the Sun and the ecliptic plane , summer is from December to February (inclusive) and winter is from June to August (inclusive). September 22 or 23 is the vernal equinox and March 20 or 21 is the autumnal equinox. The South Pole is in the centre of the southern hemispherical region. Southern Hemisphere climates tend to be slightly milder than those at similar latitudes in
924-524: The town. The lake's name is of Noongar origin, and was first recorded by a surveyor in 1869–72. It means "place of emus", or "site of the foot tracks from when the emu sat down". The first European explorer through the area was John Septimus Roe , the Surveyor General of Western Australia, in 1835 en route to Albany from Perth . Between 1835 and 1889 a few settlers eked a simple living by cutting sandalwood and shepherding small flocks of sheep. Land
957-529: The world) and 0.420 (number 187 in the world), respectively. The nominal GDPs per capita of these two countries do not go above US$ 650, a tiny fraction of the incomes enjoyed by Australians and New Zealanders. The Southern Hemisphere has long been secondary in the global distribution of demographic, economic and political power, as it has less land than the Northern Hemisphere. In recent times, however, countries such as Australia have made greater efforts to economically engage with those from their hemisphere. Before
990-528: Was designed by Hillson Beasley and built at a cost of £2,596; the old building was converted to living quarters. The local Agricultural Hall was built by 1896 and opened 1 December the same year. In 1898 Wagin was proclaimed a town with the word Lake dropped. A further railway connection with the Collie to Narrogin line at Bowelling , the Wagin to Bowelling railway line , was made on 10 December 1918. In early 1898
1023-649: Was divided into wards until 1991, but wards were abolished and councillors now sit at large. As of 2014 there were 11 councillors. The towns and localities of the Shire of Wagin with population and size figures based on the most recent Australian census : As of 2023, 92 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Wagin, of which eight are on the State Register of Heritage Places . 33°18′50″S 117°20′38″E / 33.314°S 117.344°E / -33.314; 117.344 Southern Hemisphere Owing to
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1056-529: Was granted to pastoralists in the Wagin area from the late 1870s. The town itself came into existence after the construction of the Great Southern Railway , which was completed in 1889, with the town originally called Wagin Lake . The first post office and telegraph building, designed by George Temple-Poole , was completed in 1893. The building was replaced by the current building in 1912. The building
1089-566: Was severed from the road district as the Municipality of Wagin on 27 July 1906, but was amalgamated back into the road district on 15 April 1961, with the creation of a new Town Ward. It was declared a shire and named the Shire of Wagin with effect from 1 July 1961 following the passage of the Local Government Act 1960 , which reformed all remaining road districts into shires. The shire
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