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48-626: It belongs to the inner drainage basin of the Wadi Mu'taridah / Wadi Mutarid / Wadi Al Mithaddim (65 km (25 sq mi)), of which it is a tributary on the left, and extends through a sub-basin of 34.14 km (13.18 sq mi). It limits to the north with the Wadi Tawiyaen / Wādī Ţawīyayn basin, and with the sub-basins of the Wadi Mu'taridah / Wadi Mutarid and the Wadi Al Himriyyah ; to

96-484: A sink , which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake , or a point where surface water is lost underground . Drainage basins are similar but not identical to hydrologic units , which are drainage areas delineated so as to nest into a multi-level hierarchical drainage system . Hydrologic units are defined to allow multiple inlets, outlets, or sinks. In a strict sense, all drainage basins are hydrologic units but not all hydrologic units are drainage basins. About 48.71% of

144-414: A watershed , though in other English-speaking places, "watershed" is used only in its original sense, that of the drainage divide line. A drainage basin's boundaries are determined by watershed delineation , a common task in environmental engineering and science. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin , rather than flowing to the ocean, water converges toward the interior of the basin, known as

192-449: A drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. In the unlikely event that the gauges are many and evenly distributed over an area of uniform precipitation, using the arithmetic mean method will give good results. In the Thiessen polygon method, the drainage basin is divided into polygons with the rain gauge in the middle of each polygon assumed to be representative for

240-540: A drainage boundary is referred to as watershed delineation . Finding the area and extent of a drainage basin is an important step in many areas of science and engineering. Most of the water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. Measurement of

288-713: A subsection of the Bani Yas and formed the majority of the Bedouin component of that federation of tribes. The Liwa Oasis was the homeplace of many of the Mazari, where they were the principal property owners among the six Bani Yas tribes in the area, consisting of some 315 houses at the turn of the 20th century. They were closely associated with the Marar tribe at Liwa. At that time there were also some 300 Mazari at Al Khan in Sharjah and 500 in

336-519: A truce, the Mazari returned to Dhafra but fighting between the tribes continued: a conflict used by Abdelaziz Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia to increase his influence over the tribes and exact the tax zakat from them. These shifting allegiances and schisms were to form part of the Saudi claims which led to the Buraimi Dispute . A prominent UAE trading and industrial family; one of its most notable members

384-480: Is referred to as " watershed management ". In Brazil , the National Policy of Water Resources, regulated by Act n° 9.433 of 1997, establishes the drainage basin as the territorial division of Brazilian water management. When a river basin crosses at least one political border, either a border within a nation or an international boundary, it is identified as a transboundary river . Management of such basins becomes

432-447: Is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide , made up of a succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills . A basin may consist of smaller basins that merge at river confluences , forming a hierarchical pattern . Other terms for a drainage basin are catchment area , catchment basin , drainage area , river basin , water basin , and impluvium . In North America, they are commonly called

480-600: Is the Dead Sea . Drainage basins have been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. For example, the English crown gave the Hudson's Bay Company a monopoly on the fur trade in the entire Hudson Bay basin, an area called Rupert's Land . Bioregional political organization today includes agreements of states (e.g., international treaties and, within

528-655: Is the UAE's Minister of State for Youth Affairs, Shamma bint Suhail Faris Al Mazrui who, in February 2016, became the youngest government minister in the world. The Emirati businessman and UAE Minister of Energy & Industry, and Member of the Executive Committee of the Supreme Petroleum Council, Suhail Al Mazroui Suhail Mohammed Faraj Al Mazroui . Another prominent Mazari is: Sheikha Shamsa bint Suhail Al Mazrouei ,

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576-682: The African Great Lakes , the interiors of Australia and the Arabian Peninsula , and parts in Mexico and the Andes . Some of these, such as the Great Basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins. In endorheic bodies of water where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. An extreme example of this

624-792: The Continental Divide , northern Alaska and parts of North Dakota , South Dakota , Minnesota , and Montana in the United States, the north shore of the Scandinavian peninsula in Europe, central and northern Russia, and parts of Kazakhstan and Mongolia in Asia , which totals to about 17% of the world's land. Just over 13% of the land in the world drains to the Pacific Ocean . Its basin includes much of China, eastern and southeastern Russia, Japan,

672-818: The Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , is 800 m (2,600 ft) later, the cultivation area of Karas , located next to the mouth of another important tributary to the left of the Kub, the Wadi Suftah / Wādī Şafat . At the end of its middle course, the Wadi Kub turns towards the northwest, and its most important dam with greatest capacity, the Wadi Kub Dam (2) , was built in its channel, also in 2013, whose reservoir has been expanded with road reinforcement and covers an area of 25,000 m (2.5 ha). In its lower course, with very little slope,

720-681: The Korean Peninsula , most of Indochina, Indonesia and Malaysia, the Philippines, all of the Pacific Islands , the northeast coast of Australia , and Canada and the United States west of the Continental Divide (including most of Alaska), as well as western Central America and South America west of the Andes. The Indian Ocean 's drainage basin also comprises about 13% of Earth's land. It drains

768-710: The Wahhabis from the Buraimi Oasis in 1848, it was the Mazari, together with the Manasir, who waited South of Abu Dhabi to fall on the relieving force sent from Nejd under Saad bin Mutlaq. The two tribes were also linked in events further north, where they were involved in a conflict with the wali of Al Khan, Muhamad bin Ubaid in 1920. Some 75 pearling boats sailed from Al Khan each season, owned by settled Mazari and Manasir families. However,

816-598: The groundwater . A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. Mazari (Emirati tribe) The Mazari (singular Mazrouei or Mazrui) is a tribe of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) . The Mazari settled throughout the Trucial States but principally in Abu Dhabi . They are considered

864-762: The Trucial States during the early 20th century. They were also involved in the seasonal pearl fisheries. Like their Bedouin counterparts the Manasir , many Mazari found employment in the burgeoning oil industry as modernisation forced changes in the lifestyle of the Bedouin of the area. The Mazari also formed the second largest Bedouin contingent among the Ruler's retainers, being said to be loyal and "in their bedu fashion, disciplined." When Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan repelled

912-598: The US, interstate compacts ) or other political entities in a particular drainage basin to manage the body or bodies of water into which it drains. Examples of such interstate compacts are the Great Lakes Commission and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency . In hydrology , the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle . The process of finding

960-736: The Wadi Kub is located on the southern slope of the ridge that borders to the north the town of Al Jaroof / Al Jurouf (in Arabic: الجروف), in the Emirate of Fujairah, and follows a course of approximately 17 km (11 mi) until its mouth in the Wadi Mu'taridah / Wadi Mutarid, shortly before the town of Saram, at the foot of Jabal Satif (367 m (1,204 ft)), in the Emirate of Fujairah . The entire Wadi Kub area has historically been, and continues to be today, an eminently agricultural and livestock region, with towns and villages scattered along its main course and its many tributaries. In its upper course,

1008-471: The Wadi Kub receives from the right the waters of one of its main tributaries: the Wadi Al Yanhah , which also originates, like the neighboring Wadi Al Himriyyah , on the southern slope of Jabal Huq (629 m (2,064 ft)). Very few meters after this confluence, the first of four dams on the Wadi Kub was built in 2013, intended to feed the underground water resources , essential for the agriculture of

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1056-592: The areas of Adhen and Asimah . Those of the Mazari who settled in Dubai came to consider themselves as apart from the Bani Yas. The area around Wadi Helou in the Hajar Mountains of Sharjah is also an area of Mazari settlement. They were herdsmen and records show they settled into an agrarian existence in the oasis following the decline in the value of camels and the use of traditional camel trains which took place in

1104-406: The basin, it can form tributaries that change the structure of the land. There are three different main types, which are affected by the rocks and ground underneath. Rock that is quick to erode forms dendritic patterns, and these are seen most often. The two other types of patterns that form are trellis patterns and rectangular patterns. Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over

1152-430: The discharge of water from a basin may be made by a stream gauge located at the basin's outlet. Depending on the conditions of the drainage basin, as rainfall occurs some of it seeps directly into the ground. This water will either remain underground, slowly making its way downhill and eventually reaching the basin, or it will permeate deeper into the soil and consolidate into groundwater aquifers. As water flows through

1200-441: The drainage area is dependent on the soil type. Certain soil types such as sandy soils are very free-draining, and rainfall on sandy soil is likely to be absorbed by the ground. However, soils containing clay can be almost impermeable and therefore rainfall on clay soils will run off and contribute to flood volumes. After prolonged rainfall even free-draining soils can become saturated , meaning that any further rainfall will reach

1248-692: The drainage basin to the mouth, and may accumulate there, disturbing the natural mineral balance. This can cause eutrophication where plant growth is accelerated by the additional material. Because drainage basins are coherent entities in a hydrological sense, it has become common to manage water resources on the basis of individual basins. In the U.S. state of Minnesota , governmental entities that perform this function are called " watershed districts ". In New Zealand, they are called catchment boards. Comparable community groups based in Ontario, Canada, are called conservation authorities . In North America, this function

1296-666: The east with the watershed that defines the watercourses that flow into the Persian Gulf and those that flow into the Gulf of Oman , and with the Wadi Basseirah hydrographic basin; and to the south and west with the drainage basin of the Wadi Mawrid, although some authors consider that the bordering basin to the south is that of the Wādī Adhan / Wadi Idhn. The source of the main channel of

1344-767: The eastern coast of Africa, the coasts of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf , the Indian subcontinent , Burma, and most parts of Australia . The five largest river basins (by area), from largest to smallest, are those of the Amazon (7 million km ), the Congo (4 million km ), the Nile (3.4 million km ), the Mississippi (3.22 million km ), and the Río de la Plata (3.17 million km ). The three rivers that drain

1392-519: The foot of Jabal Satif there is a fourth dam, the Wadi Kub Dam (4) , which means that practically the last section of the wadi remains constantly dry. Alternative names: Wādī Qub, Wādī Kūb, Wadi Kub, Wadi Kubb, Wadi Kuub, Wadi Kob, Wadi Qub. The name of this wadi appears in the documents and maps prepared between 1950 and 1960 by the British Arabist, cartographer, military officer and diplomat Julian F. Walker , and in many other documents related to

1440-567: The greatest portion of western Sub-Saharan Africa , as well as Western Sahara and part of Morocco . The two major mediterranean seas of the world also flow to the Atlantic. The Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico basin includes most of the U.S. interior between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains , a small part of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan , eastern Central America ,

1488-435: The ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients , sediment , and pollutants . With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water body . Modern use of artificial fertilizers , containing nitrogen (as nitrates ), phosphorus , and potassium , has affected the mouths of drainage basins. The minerals are carried by

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1536-744: The ground at its terminus, the area can go by several names, such playa, salt flat, dry lake , or alkali sink . The largest endorheic basins are in Central Asia , including the Caspian Sea , the Aral Sea , and numerous smaller lakes. Other endorheic regions include the Great Basin in the United States, much of the Sahara Desert , the drainage basin of the Okavango River ( Kalahari Basin ), highlands near

1584-619: The islands of the Caribbean and the Gulf, and a small part of northern South America. The Mediterranean Sea basin, with the Black Sea , includes much of North Africa , east-central Africa (through the Nile River ), Southern , Central, and Eastern Europe , Turkey , and the coastal areas of Israel , Lebanon , and Syria . The Arctic Ocean drains most of Western Canada and Northern Canada east of

1632-506: The most water, from most to least, are the Amazon, Ganges , and Congo rivers. Endorheic basin are inland basins that do not drain to an ocean. Endorheic basins cover around 18% of the Earth's land. Some endorheic basins drain to an Endorheic lake or Inland sea . Many of these lakes are ephemeral or vary dramatically in size depending on climate and inflow. If water evaporates or infiltrates into

1680-510: The murdered headman with his brother Muhammad. An outbreak of hostilities between the Bedouin tribes of Dhafra (the area between Abu Dhabi and the Rub Al Kali) in the early 20th century rumbled on until the early 1920s, with the Mazari split between a group who sought Saudi protection and a group who migrated to Abu Dhabi and its islands. After Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan arranged

1728-418: The rainfall on the area of land included in its polygon. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons. The isohyetal method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming. Isochrone maps can be used to show

1776-476: The region, and to reduce damage due to possible floods, and which is identified with the name of Wadi Kub Breaker (1) . In that same area, just 300 m (980 ft) to the south, is the old village of Kub / Qub , located at the mouth of the Wadi Lil , left tributary of the Wadi Kub. Following the main course of the Wadi Kub, occupied for the most part by a wide dirt track called Al Mesrah Road , and already in

1824-625: The responsibility of the countries sharing it. Nile Basin Initiative , OMVS for Senegal River , Mekong River Commission are a few examples of arrangements involving management of shared river basins. Management of shared drainage basins is also seen as a way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries. The catchment is the most significant factor determining the amount or likelihood of flooding . Catchment factors are: topography , shape, size, soil type, and land use (paved or roofed areas). Catchment topography and shape determine

1872-461: The river rather than being absorbed by the ground. If the surface is impermeable the precipitation will create surface run-off which will lead to higher risk of flooding; if the ground is permeable, the precipitation will infiltrate the soil. Land use can contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils. For example, rainfall on roofs, pavements , and roads will be collected by rivers with almost no absorption into

1920-418: The speed with which the runoff reaches a river. A long thin catchment will take longer to drain than a circular catchment. Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding. It is also determined on the basis of length and width of the drainage basin. Soil type will help determine how much water reaches the river. The runoff from

1968-415: The time taken for rain to reach the river, while catchment size, soil type, and development determine the amount of water to reach the river. Generally, topography plays a big part in how fast runoff will reach a river. Rain that falls in steep mountainous areas will reach the primary river in the drainage basin faster than flat or lightly sloping areas (e.g., > 1% gradient). Shape will contribute to

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2016-477: The time taken for runoff water within a drainage basin to reach a lake, reservoir or outlet, assuming constant and uniform effective rainfall. Drainage basins are the principal hydrologic unit considered in fluvial geomorphology . A drainage basin is the source for water and sediment that moves from higher elevation through the river system to lower elevations as they reshape the channel forms. Drainage basins are important in ecology . As water flows over

2064-534: The village was frequently plundered by Bedouin Mazari and Al Bu Shamis , the Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi , and the wali being accused of doing little to protect the village, whilst also insisting on a tribute of 50 bags of rice at the commencement of each pearling season. When the wali died in 1931, the village appointed its own headman – a move which was punished by Sultan bin Saqr, who replaced

2112-415: The wadi is formed by two arms of similar length and flow, which originate at approximately an altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft); they border Al Jaroof to the east and west, respectively; and converge to the south of this town, defining the main channel, which initially follows the direction from northeast to southwest. Two kilometers after the exit of Al Jaroof, past the place known as Sidrat al Qorah ,

2160-453: The wadi runs the last kilometers to its mouth, bordering to the south and west a large urbanization, built on the alluvial plain formed by the Wadi Kub, the Wadi Al Himriyyah , the Wadi Mu'taridah / Wadi Mutarid and others, which for greater confusion also adopted the name of Kub (like the homonymous village in the Emirate of Fujairah ). Its course is almost exhausted, on the outskirts of the aforementioned urbanization, and before its mouth at

2208-609: The work carried out to establish borders between the so-called Trucial States , later completed by the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense , on 1:100,000 scale maps published in 1971. In the Atlas National of the United Arab Emirates is identified with the spelling Wādī Kūb . There is documentary evidence of the existence of old agricultural villages, in the entire area near the Wadi Kub and its tributaries, which

2256-405: The world's land drains to the Atlantic Ocean . In North America , surface water drains to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River and Great Lakes basins, the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, the Canadian Maritimes , and most of Newfoundland and Labrador . Nearly all of South America east of the Andes also drains to the Atlantic, as does most of Western and Central Europe and

2304-407: Was populated, mainly, by the Mazari / Mazārī‘ tribe, which was part of the Bani Yas tribal federation. [REDACTED] Media related to Wadi Kub at Wikimedia Commons Drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth , or flows into another body of water , such as a lake or ocean . A basin

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