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40-759: WMV HD isn't a standalone video codec nor a special modification of the WMV9 codec. As of April 2006, all existing WMV HD titles are encoded using the VC-1 compliant Windows Media Video 9 ( FourCC : WMV3) codec conforming to VC-1 Main Profile @ High Level specification. It is possible that in the future Microsoft will take advantage of the new VC-1 Advanced Profile codec dubbed Windows Media Video Advanced Profile (FourCC: WVC1) to encode WMV HD videos. A number of WMV9-encoded high definition movie titles have been made commercially available on DVD-ROM discs, either as standalone discs or supplements to

80-439: A SMPTE standard on April 3, 2006. It was primarily marketed as a lower-complexity competitor to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard. After its development, several companies other than Microsoft asserted that they held patents that applied to the technology, including Panasonic , LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics . VC-1 is supported in the now-deprecated Microsoft Silverlight , the briefly-offered HD DVD disc format, and

120-618: A Japanese analog high-definition television system. 1080i emerged as a leading standard for HDTV broadcasts. Many broadcasters worldwide adopted it. The ATSC ( Advanced Television Systems Committee ) standards and the DVB ( Digital Video Broadcasting ) standards allowed for the transmission of 1080i video signals. The adoption of 1080i was particularly significant in sports broadcasting. The higher resolution allowed for more detail and clarity, especially in large stadium shots and fast-paced action. The format's efficiency in utilizing available bandwidth made it

160-704: A PC via Windows Media Connect/Windows Media Player 11. VC-1 is supported in the PlayStation 3 console and the FFmpeg project also includes a VC-1 decoder. On August 24, 2012, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced hardware decoding support for VC-1. The VC-1 codec specification has so far been implemented by Microsoft in the form of three codecs, each identified with a unique four character code . The Simple and Main Profiles of VC-1 remained completely faithful to

200-446: A PC with the settings listed above, as well as an Xbox 360 , at 1080p / 1080i . With the advent of Blu-ray Disc as the optical HD-media format of choice, WMV HD is considered obsolete in its optical disc form. Windows Media Video HD can be encoded with a variety of programs, such as Windows Media Encoder , Windows Movie Maker , and Microsoft Expression Encoder . When encoding, it has been recommended by these programs that you use

240-660: A complete image in a single pass. This results in a sharper and more stable picture, especially in fast-moving scenes. On the other hand, 1080i uses an interlaced method. The two fields that make up a frame are captured at slightly different times, leading to a misalignment in fast-moving parts of the image. This can cause artifacts like " combing ," where fast-moving objects appear to have a serrated edge. However, 1080i has been preferred in broadcast television due to its lower bandwidth requirements, making it more efficient for over-the-air or cable transmission. The origins of 1080i can be traced from Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding ,

280-404: A dial-up modem. This codec also supports professional-quality downloadable video with two-pass and variable bit rate (VBR) encoding." A number of high definition movies and videos have been released commercially in a format dubbed WMV HD . These titles are encoded with WMV3 Main Profile @ High Level (MP@HL). WMVA was the original implementation of WMV Advanced Profile prior to the acceptance of

320-553: A general-purpose CPU are typically slow, especially when dealing with HD video content. To reduce CPU usage or to do real-time encoding, special-purpose hardware may be employed, either for the complete encoding or decoding process, or for acceleration assistance within a CPU-controlled environment. A hardware VC-1 encoder can be an ASIC or an FPGA . Hardware-accelerated (also known as hardware-assisted) video decoding can either be done on dedicated, special-purpose hardware or on generic, multi-purpose hardware such as GPUs . The former

360-447: A higher frame rate without needing more bandwidth. This results in smoother motion, especially for content with moderate to fast movement, like sports broadcasts. However, interlacing also has some drawbacks. Since the two fields are captured at slightly different times, fast-moving objects can appear misaligned between the two fields. This creates a visual artifact called "combing." This can reduce image quality, especially in scenes with

400-453: A lot of motion. Modern display devices often use deinterlacing algorithms to combine the two fields into a single progressive image before displaying it. The frame rate of 1080i is usually 50 or 60 Hz. It depends on the region. In areas using the PAL or SECAM standards, like Europe and parts of Asia, the frame rate is 50 Hz. In regions using NTSC , like North America and Japan, the frame rate

440-470: A practical choice for broadcasters. However, it required more complex processing on the receiving end to deinterlace the image for display on progressive-scan screens. Overall, 1080i played a crucial role in the early days of HDTV. It bridged the gap between standard-definition broadcasts and the high-definition future that would soon become the norm. While its use has diminished with the rise of 1080p and 4K resolutions, 1080i remains an important milestone in

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480-688: Is 60 Hz. The frame rate refers to how often a new field is shown per second. At 50 Hz, 50 fields are shown each second. This results in 25 full frames per second when the odd and even fields are combined. At 60 Hz, 60 fields are shown per second. This results in 30 full frames per second. Interlacing affects how motion is perceived in 1080i. Since each field represents a slightly different moment in time, motion can appear smoother compared to lower frame rate progressive scans. However, this also means 1080i can struggle with fast-moving scenes. The interlaced fields might not perfectly align, leading to motion artifacts. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) prefers to use

520-447: Is a term used in high-definition television (HDTV) and video display technology. It means a video mode with 1080 lines of vertical resolution. The "i" stands for interlaced scanning method. This format was once a standard in HDTV. It was particularly used for broadcast television. This is because it can deliver high-resolution images without needing excessive bandwidth. This format is used in

560-478: Is essential to maintain image quality. The increased resolution is particularly noticeable in fine details such as textures, text, and intricate patterns. These can be rendered with much greater accuracy than in lower-resolution formats. The "i" in 1080i stands for interlaced. This refers to how each video frame is displayed. Instead of showing the entire frame at once, the interlacing technique divides each frame into two separate fields. The first field contains all

600-511: Is not fully VC-1 compliant. WVC1, also known as Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile, implements a more recent and fully compliant Advanced Profile of the VC-1 codec standard. It offers support for interlaced content and is transport independent. With the previous version of the Windows Media Video 9 Series codec, users could deliver progressive content at data rates as low as one-third that of

640-554: Is open to implementation by anyone, although implementers may be required to pay licensing fees to the MPEG LA , the LLC licensing body or directly to its members, who claim to hold essential patents on the format (since it is a non-exclusive licensing body). Over 92.9% of the patents have expired as of November 26, 2024. The following organizations hold one or more patents in the VC-1 patent pool, as listed by MPEG LA . 1080i 1080i

680-671: Is part of Expression Studio supports encoding VC-1 video to the Windows Media ( ASF ) file format and the IIS Smooth Streaming format. Video encoder products made by Inlet, Digital Rapids , Harmonic , Envivio, Elemental Technologies , Anystream , Telestream and Rhozet support VC-1 encoding (based on the Microsoft VC-1 Encoder SDK) for IPTV and Web streaming. Because VC-1 encoding and decoding requires significant computing power, software implementation that run on

720-413: Is typically 50 or 60 fields per second, depending on the region. This effectively means 25 or 30 frames per second when the fields are combined. A key difference between 1080i and 1080p is how the lines of resolution are displayed. Both offer 1920x1080 pixels, but the display method is different. In 1080p, the "p" stands for progressive scan . Each frame is drawn line by line, from top to bottom, creating

760-560: Is typically found in consumer electronics devices such as Blu-ray Disc players and 3G/4G mobile phones, while the latter is typically found in PCs. Nearly all video cards manufactured since 2006 support some level of GPU-accelerated VC-1 decoding on the Windows platform via DirectX Video Acceleration APIs. The native Windows WMV9/VC-1 decoder (wmvdecod.dll) only supports DXVA profiles A, B and C, while 3rd party VC-1 decoders such as CyberLink 's support

800-592: The Blu-ray Disc format. VC-1 is an evolution of the conventional block-based motion-compensated hybrid video coding design also found in H.261 , MPEG-1 Part 2 , H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 , H.263 , and MPEG-4 Part 2 . It was widely characterized as an alternative to the ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC . The Advanced Profile of VC-1 contains tools designed for coding interlaced video sequences as well as progressive scan video. The main goal of

840-446: The SMPTE 292M standard. The number "1080" in 1080i refers to the number of horizontal lines that make up the vertical resolution of the display. Each of these lines contributes to the overall detail and clarity of the image. The letter "i" stands for interlaced . This is a technique where the image is not displayed all at once. Instead, the frame is split into two fields. One field contains

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880-490: The 1080i format. Many ABC affiliates owned by Hearst Television and former Belo Corporation stations owned by Tegna , along with some individual affiliates of those three networks, air their signals in 1080i and upscale network programming for master control and transmission purposes, as most syndicated programming and advertising is produced and distributed in 1080i/p, removing a downscaling step to 720p. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in

920-687: The MPEG-2 codec and still get equivalent or comparable quality to MPEG-2 . The Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile codec also offers this same improvement in encoding efficiency with interlaced contents . A decoder for WVC1 is included in Windows Media Player 11 , which is bundled with Windows Vista and is available as a download for Windows XP. This implementation is supported in Microsoft Silverlight . Due to its origins in Microsoft's WMV9 codec,

960-519: The VC-1 decoder and some related components needed for playback of VC-1 encoded HD DVD movies. Microsoft designated VC-1 as the Xbox 360 video game console 's official video format, and game developers could use VC-1 for full motion video included with games. By means of an October 31, 2006 update, all formats of Windows Media Video could be played on the Xbox 360 from a disc, USB storage device, or streaming from

1000-412: The VC-1 draft by SMPTE. The codec was distributed with Windows Media Player 10 and Windows Media Format SDK 9.5 install packages. There are slight bitstream differences between WMVA and WVC1, so consequently WMVA is handled by a different DirectShow decoder than WVC1. Some 3rd party hardware and software decoders only decode WMVA based content. As of 2006, WMVA is considered a deprecated codec because it

1040-606: The bandwidth required for transmission. In the United States, 1080i is the preferred format for most broadcasters, with Warner Bros. Discovery , Paramount Global , and Comcast owned networks broadcasting in the format, along with most smaller broadcasters. Only Fox - and Disney -owned television networks, along with MLB Network and a few other cable networks, use 720p as the preferred format for their networks; A&E Networks channels converted from 720p to 1080i sometime in 2013 due to acquired networks already transmitting in

1080-514: The computer to ensure full VC-1 compliance across all three profiles (Simple, Main and Advanced). If either of these are installed, Windows Movie Maker can also save VC-1 compliant videos, as can any other application built on the Windows Media Format SDK or Windows Media Codec DMOs. A Windows Media Encoder Studio Edition was initially announced for professional encoding but later cancelled by Microsoft. Microsoft Expression Encoder which

1120-685: The content providers and not Microsoft Corporation. The soundtracks are commonly encoded using the Windows Media Audio Professional codec, often featuring 5.1 or 7.1 multichannel sound. The video and audio streams are encapsulated in Advanced Systems Format files. WMV HD has been touted for its ease of use, since functionality to convert to WMV HD has been built into Windows Movie Maker, it has allowed people to convert their home videos to WMV HD as well as any commercial releases they may have received. The file system will work on

1160-490: The deprecated interlaced mode was implemented using the less common YUV 4:1:1 sampling scheme. The Windows Media Video 9 (WMV3) codec implements the Simple and Main modes of the VC-1 codec standard, providing high-quality video for streaming and downloading. "It provides support for a wide range of bit rates, from high-definition content at one-half to one-third the bit rate of MPEG-2, to low-bit-rate Internet video delivered over

1200-610: The development and standardization of the VC-1 Advanced Profile was to support interlace-optimized compression of interlaced content without first converting it to progressive scan, making it more attractive to broadcast and video industry professionals using the 1080i format. Both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc adopted VC-1 as a supported video format, meaning their video playback devices are required to be capable of decoding and playing video-content compressed using VC-1. Windows Vista partially supports HD DVD playback by including

1240-590: The evolution of television technology. The core of 1080i is its resolution. The resolution is 1920x1080 pixels. This means that each video frame has 1,920 pixels horizontally and 1,080 pixels vertically. This results in over two million individual pixels per frame. This high resolution is why 1080i is called "high-definition". It offers a significant improvement over standard-definition formats, which typically have much lower pixel counts. The 1920x1080 resolution allows for greater detail and clarity in images. This makes it ideal for larger screens where higher pixel density

WMV HD - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-444: The existing WMV3 implementation, making WMV3 bitstreams fully VC-1 compliant. The WMV3 codec was designed to primarily support progressive encoding for computer displays. An interlaced encoding mode was implemented, but quickly became deprecated when Microsoft started implementing WMV Advanced Profile. Whereas WMV3 progressive encoding was implemented using the YUV 4:2:0 color sampling scheme,

1320-627: The full DXVA Profile D decode acceleration. There is no support for GPU-accelerated VC-1 decode on the MacOS platform. Raspberry Pi hardware prior to Raspberry Pi 4 supports VC-1 hardware-accelerated decoding, although it requires purchasing of a license key. Although heavily associated with Microsoft , there are 18 member companies within the VC-1 patent pool . The majority of patents are held by four companies: Microsoft (324 patents), Panasonic (122 patents), LG Electronics (96 patents), and Samsung Electronics (96 patents). As an SMPTE standard, VC-1

1360-461: The most popular implementations of VC-1 encoders have so far been done by Microsoft, though third-party implementations exist as well. Sonic Cinevision PSE, a professional VC-1 encoding tool used predominantly in HD DVD and Blu-ray encoding, is a commercial version of Microsoft's PEP (Parallel Encoder) encoding tool and VC-1 Analyzer tool. Microsoft owns the code development whereas Sonic Solutions owns

1400-410: The odd-numbered lines (1, 3, 5, etc.), and the second field contains all the even-numbered lines (2, 4, 6, etc.). These two fields are displayed one after the other. The odd lines are shown first, followed by the even lines. This happens very quickly, around 50 or 60 fields per second. The human eye sees these two fields as a single, continuous image. The main advantage of interlacing is that it allows for

1440-403: The odd-numbered lines, and the other field contains the even-numbered lines. These fields are displayed in rapid succession, giving the appearance of a full image to the human eye. The interlacing technique was developed to improve the motion portrayal of images without doubling the required bandwidth. This is particularly useful in broadcasting, where bandwidth efficiency is crucial. The frame rate

1480-423: The original file for best results; at times, re-encoding an already-coded movie can lead to sub par results. and more VC-1 SMPTE 421 , informally known as VC-1 , is a video coding format . Most of it was initially developed as Microsoft 's proprietary video format Windows Media Video 9 in 2003. With some enhancements including the development of a new Advanced Profile, it was officially approved as

1520-405: The regular DVD-Video titles. The technology was considered a stepping stone to true high definition optical disc formats ( HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc ) and Microsoft never intended the discs to be played on anything but personal computers. Most commercially sold WMV HD titles are copy protected using Microsoft Windows Media DRM technology. The licensing terms of DRM protected titles are determined by

1560-505: The resolution and frame rate (not field rate) separated by a slash , as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25 , likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation. The 1080i video signals can be carried by four main digital television broadcast systems: ATSC , DVB , ISDB and DTMB . In both ATSC and DVB systems, the 1080i signal is compressed using codecs like MPEG-2 or H.264 to reduce

1600-603: The sales and distribution. Microsoft also provides a separate VC-1 Encoder SDK which allows any company or software developer to integrate VC-1 encoding into their applications. Non-Microsoft VC-1 implementations (based entirely on the SMPTE specifications) have been done by Ericsson Television and MainConcept . The FFmpeg project includes a free VC-1 decoder. Windows Media Encoder 9 Series encodes VC-1 compliant video files, including WVC1 FourCC media. Windows Media Format 11 Runtime or Windows Media Player 11 must be installed on

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