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18-847: WMH may refer to: Medicine [ edit ] White matter hyperintensity ( leukoaraiosis ), an abnormality within the white matter of the brain World Mental Health survey initiative , a project by the World Health Organization Places [ edit ] Wayne Memorial Hospital , Goldsboro, North Carolina Wayne Memorial Hospital , Honesdale, Pennsylvania William & Mary Hall , Williamsburg, Virginia Radio stations [ edit ] WMH (1921–1923) , an AM station in Cincinnati, Ohio which operated from 1921-1923 WKRC (AM) , an AM station in Cincinnati, Ohio which

36-434: A cerebral small vessel disease, is included in those as well. Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive decline in the older populations. The results from a small pilot study had found that "Participants showed some decreases in executive functioning, attention, processing speed, and memory retrieval, consistent with previous literature" and that "Performance on a computer-administered cognitive measure showed

54-464: A result of inflammation is a more likely cause for it. This may occur subsequent to blood–brain barrier failure, and lead to extravasation of serum components into the brain that are potentially toxic. Lacunar infarction could thus occur in this way, and the narrowing – the hallmark feature of lipohyalinosis – may merely be a feature of the swelling occurring around it that squeezes on the structure. C. Miller Fisher had decided to make lipohyalinosis

72-403: A slight overall decline over a period of 8–28 months". Cerebral small vessel disease has caused, even if it is slight, a decline in cognition and has in this study and other studies like it. There are many other conditions and diseases that are related to lipohyalinosis. Below are the names of a few that are related to it and what they are. Leukoaraiosis is a disease found in the brain and

90-496: A substitute term for fibrinoid necrosis. Fisher had done this because "of what he perceived to be the general agreement that the affected arteriolar segments also contained lipid". This has caused some issues with the usage of the term lipohyalinosis. "Because of its use by some earlier authors, Fisher included "hyalinosis" in the list of synonyms that also included the term "fibrinoid"". This means that people often associate hyalinosis and hyaline with lipohyalinosis and consider them

108-556: Is a cerebral small vessel disease affecting the small arteries , arterioles or capillaries in the brain . Originally defined by C. Miller Fisher as 'segmental arteriolar wall disorganisation', it is characterized by vessel wall thickening and a resultant reduction in luminal diameter. Fisher considered this small vessel disease to be the result of hypertension , induced in the acute stage by fibrinoid necrosis that would lead to occlusion and hence lacunar stroke . However, recent evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction as

126-424: Is a start to a chain reaction. From lipohyalinosis to lacunar infarctions that may eventually lead to stroke, hypertension, uncontrolled, can cause a lot of damage to the brain. Lacunar infarcts are a result of atherosclerosis (microthrombi) and lipohyalinosis. These affect the deep structures of the brain and may leave small (~5mm) cavity lesions. Small lacunar infarcts are "caused by various arterial disorders,

144-793: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages White matter hyperintensity The term "leukoaraiosis" was coined in 1986 by Hachinski , Potter, and Merskey as a descriptive term for rarefaction ("araiosis") of the white matter, showing up as decreased density on CT and increased signal intensity on T2/FLAIR sequences (white matter hyperintensities) performed as part of MRI brain scans. These white matter changes are also commonly referred to as periventricular white matter disease, or white matter hyperintensities (WMH), due to their bright white appearance on T2 MRI scans. Many patients can have leukoaraiosis without any associated clinical abnormality. However, underlying vascular mechanisms are suspected to be

162-571: Is one of the main causes. In a study done in 2003, researchers had found that their "data indicate that widespread small vessel lesions due to both [cerebral amyloid angiopathy] and [arteriosclerosis/lipohyalinosis] may play a critical role in the development of [Alzheimer disease]". This means lipohyalinosis may be a huge factor in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in general. There have also been other studies that link cerebral small vessel diseases to cognitive decline and lipohyalinosis being

180-459: Is really the main cause of lacunar infarcts or lacunar stroke. Some new research now suggests that microatheroma may now be considered the main cause in that it is "now thought to be the most common mechanism of small vessel occlusion..." These new findings have to be looked into more closely to determine if microatheroma is the main cause of lacunar infarcts or lacunar stroke or if Fisher's work still stands as it has for many years that lipohyalinosis

198-419: The barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath . Multiple small vessel infarcts in the subcortical white matter can cause the condition, often the result of chronic hypertension leading to lipohyalinosis of the small vessels. Patients may develop cognitive impairment and dementia. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Lipohyalinosis Lipohyalinosis

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216-438: The blood vessel very susceptible to rupture. The relationship between lipohyalinosis and hypertension is well documented and confirmed by various studies. Furthermore, "In the microscopic level of small arteries or arterioles, hypertension also generates specific vasculopathies such as lipohyalinosis and thus causing lacunar infarctions". Hypertensions and lacunar infarcts and lacunar stroke are related. This means hypertension

234-454: The cause of the imaging findings. Hypertension , smoking, diabetes , hyperhomocysteinemia , and heart diseases are all risk factors for leukoaraiosis. Leukoaraiosis has been reported to be an initial stage of Binswanger's disease but this evolution does not always happen. White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors, including ischemia , micro- hemorrhages , gliosis , damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of

252-521: The lenticulostriate arteries from the middle cerebral artery) – are especially prone. Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes are both risk factors for this condition. When Fisher observed the relationship between lacunar infarcts and lipohyalinosis, he also noted the relation to hypertension. It has been found that "The strong association between lipohyalinosis and hypertension documented by Fisher has been confirmed in several studies". These studies have shown hypertension can cause lipohyalinosis because of

270-533: The most frequent of which include microatheroma, lipohyalinosis, fibrinoid necrosis, and Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm". Lipohyalinosis was considered the most common cause for lacunar infarcts. Fisher observed through autopsy studies that lacunar infarcts are caused by processes he described as segmental arterial disorganization, fibrinoid degeneration, and lipohyalinosis. Fisher's work in this area has been invaluable, but in more recent research into this area with new technology has brought up questions if lipohyalinosis

288-473: The same thing. The misuse of the term lipohyalinosis also has meant that many cerebral vessel pathology have been incorrectly described as lipohyalinosis. This misuse of lipohyalinosis may cause issues for accurate diagnosis and therefore treatment of specific conditions if used incorrectly on a patient. Hypertension is a strong risk factor . So-called deep-perforating arteries – relatively small arteries branching off of relatively large arteries (most commonly

306-530: The way hypertension changes blood vessels' structure. "Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial hypertension is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis and lipohyalinosis." More specifically, "Hypertension alters the structure of blood vessels by producing vascular hypertrophy and remodeling and by promoting atherosclerosis in large cerebral arteries and lipohyalinosis in penetrating arterioles". Chronic hypertension even produces arteriolar changes like lipohyalinosis that makes

324-537: Was assigned these call letters in 1924-1925 Other entities [ edit ] Williams Murray Hamm Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title WMH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMH&oldid=1189343436 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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