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80-576: WLWT (channel 5) is a television station in Cincinnati, Ohio , United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Hearst Television . The station's studios are located on Young Street, and its transmitter is located on Chickasaw Street, both in the Mount Auburn neighborhood of Cincinnati. WLWT was established by the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation , owners of WLW (700 AM), one of

160-445: A barter in some cases. Clear-channel station A clear-channel station is a North American AM radio station that has the highest level of protection from interference from other stations, particularly from nighttime skywave signals. This classification exists to ensure the viability of cross-country or cross-continent radio service enforced through a series of treaties and statutory laws. Known as Class A stations since

240-420: A nominal power of 50 kilowatts or more. These were for the most part Class I-A. Stations on the other clear channels, with two or more stations, must use between 10 kW and 50 kW, and most often use a directional antenna so as not to interfere with each other. In addition to the frequencies, the treaty also specified the specific locations where stations on Class I-B channels could be built. Some of

320-524: A 750-mile (1,207 km) radius around the transmitter . Stations on those frequencies outside the area of protection were no longer required to sign off or power down after sundown. In 1987 the FCC changed its rules to prohibit applications for new "class-D" stations. (Class-D stations have night power between zero and 250 watts, and frequently operate on clear channels.) However, any existing station could voluntarily relinquish nighttime authority, thereby becoming

400-769: A combined state and provincial count of their coverage area. One of the most outspoken of the small-town broadcasters, Ed Craney of KGIR in Butte, Montana , went so far as to apply to move his station, then on the 1370 kHz regional channel, to a class I-A signal on 660 kHz, asking the FCC to downgrade the NBC New York flagship , WEAF , to make way for the Butte station. The FCC denied Craney's petition. After 1941, several clear-channel stations applied for power increases to between 500 and 750 kW; with dissemination of national defense information cited as one reason this would be in

480-1065: A deal which was finalized in January 1997. Argyle merged with the broadcasting unit of the Hearst Corporation to form Hearst-Argyle Television in August 1997. Hearst had owned WDTN (the former WLWD) since 1981, but was not allowed to keep both stations due to a since-repealed FCC rule prohibiting common ownership of stations with overlapping city-grade signals. In 1998, Hearst traded WDTN and WNAC-TV in Providence, Rhode Island to Sunrise Television in exchange for KSBW in Salinas, California , WPTZ in Plattsburgh, New York , and WNNE in Hartford, Vermont . WLWT's licensee name under Multimedia and Gannett ownership, "Multimedia Entertainment, Inc.", survives to this day as

560-419: A directional antenna system was installed for nights, in which case the maximum night power was 50 kW. Additionally, one Class B station that had been operating non-directionally with 100 kW days and 50 kW nights was required to reduce power to 50 kW during all hours. In the early days of radio, regulators had difficulty reducing interference between stations. There were two major limitations:

640-413: A distant signal like WTWO, as it does not have the rights to carry any NBC affiliate closest to them. The substitution of WTWO in place of WLWT lasted until July 19, 2012, when a carriage deal was reached between Hearst and Time Warner. In 2014, the station aired a Thursday Night Football game from NFL Network (produced by CBS Sports ) in lieu of CBS affiliate WKRC-TV , who exercised their option of

720-445: A lack of good frequency control during the 1920s, resulting in heterodyne tones that were encountered far beyond the range of understandable audio, and no directional antennas or skywave-suppressing vertical antennas until the early 1930s. The problem was much more severe at night, when skywave signals expanded station signal coverage to hundreds of kilometers. However, with most stations located at urban locations, quality skywave service

800-510: A loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters . Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany , was the first regular television service in the world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of

880-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in

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960-674: A new set. In the mid-2000s through the early 2010s, the station maintained a weather beacon atop the Radisson Hotel in Covington dubbed the "Weather Lights". The station's signal is multiplexed : NBC Weather Plus ceased network operations in late 2008; however, WLWT continued to broadcast local weather programming as "News 5 Weather Plus" on its digital subchannel until June 30, 2011. The subchannel switched to MeTV on July 1, 2011. WLWT discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, on June 12, 2009, as part of

1040-427: A result, the stations all lost their grandfathered protection, which led to an ownership conflict situation which Hearst-Argyle (predecessor to today's Hearst Television) would encounter two decades later (the FCC has since relaxed its adjacent-market ownership rules). All of the "WLW Network" TV stations except for flagship WLWT would change their call signs, leaving WLWT as the only one with any physical evidence that it

1120-516: A scenario, as coastal stations waste energy over the oceans. One complication the FCC considered was the 1938 Wheeler resolution suggestion that stations be limited to 50 kW. One station, KOB in Albuquerque, New Mexico , fought a long legal battle against the FCC and New York's WABC for the right to move from a regional channel to a clear channel, 770 kHz, arguing that the New York signal

1200-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations

1280-448: A wide nighttime area via skywave propagation . These frequencies were known as the "clear channels", and the stations on them are thus clear-channel stations. NARBA set aside 37 Class I-A frequencies and 27 Class I-B frequencies. The Class I-N stations in Alaska shared those same frequencies. Where only one station was assigned to a clear channel, the treaty provides that it must operate with

1360-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,

1440-472: Is Class D. A great number of these stations use FM translators to continue their broadcasts overnight, and some also broadcast on the internet and have separate streams that air when the station's over-the-air signal has signed off. Daytime-only stations first originated in the late 1920s shortly after General Order 40 was imposed. One of the first to do so was WKEN in Kenmore, New York (now WUFO ). WKEN proposed

1520-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around

1600-697: Is covered by their groundwave signal. Many stations beyond those listed in the treaty have been assigned to operate on a clear channel (and some had been long before NARBA came into effect in 1941). In most cases, those stations operate during the daytime only, so as not to interfere with the primary stations on those channels. Since the early 1980s, many such stations have been permitted to operate at night with such low power as to be deemed not to interfere; these stations are still considered "daytimers" and are not entitled to any protection from interference with their nighttime signals. Another group of stations, formerly known as class II stations, were licensed to operate on

1680-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually

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1760-586: Is permitted to use the lower Class B minimum efficiency of 281.63 mV/m/kW at 1 km. There exist exceptions, where a former Class B station was elevated to Class A, yet it maintained its previous antenna system, or made only minor changes thereto. Clear-channel stations, unlike other AM stations in North America, have protection from interference to their nighttime skywave secondary service area . Other stations are entitled, at most, to protection from nighttime interference in their primary service area —that which

1840-454: Is reduced, and medium wave radio signals can propagate much farther. Such stations are allowed three manners of operation after sunset; to sign off the air completely until sunrise, reduce power (sometimes dramatically, to only a few watts), or switch to a nighttime-only frequency (such as the Detroit area's WNZK , which broadcasts on 690 during the day, and on 680 at night). Their broadcast class

1920-442: Is the Alaska table, for the former class I-N stations. Under the most recent treaty, Mexican Class A stations that previously operated with 50 kW or less (but a minimum of 10 kW nights) may increase power to 100 kW days while retaining their 10 kW night operation. This created some anomalies where stations licensed for 10 kW during all hours could increase power to 100 kW days and 10 kW nights, unless

2000-729: Is used most often in the context of North America and the Caribbean, where the concept originated. Since 1941, these stations have been required to maintain a transmitter power output of at least 10,000 watts to retain their status. Nearly all such stations in the United States, Canada and The Bahamas broadcast with 50,000 watts, with several clear-channel stations in Mexico going as high as 150,000 watts, and XEW in Mexico City having formerly operated with 250,000 watts for over 80 years before moving

2080-655: The AFC North . WLWT briefly aired UPN programming as a secondary affiliation during the early morning hours on weekends at certain points in 1998 (the network was then limited to a six-hour weekly schedule), after that netlet was displaced from its previous affiliate WSTR-TV (channel 64) by The WB . The expected lower ratings in a late night time slot on WLWT (along with low promotion of UPN programming outside of Star Trek: Voyager ) saw UPN capitulate and affiliate with former WB affiliate WBQC-CA (channel 25) in September 1998 as

2160-674: The Crosley Square building, a converted Elks lodge in downtown Cincinnati. WLWT counts itself as the first television station outside the Eastern U.S. (other than network-owned stations) to become a primary NBC television affiliate, but originally carried programming from all the major television networks of the time: NBC, ABC , CBS and DuMont . WLWT later affiliated exclusively with NBC in 1949, after WKRC-TV (originally on channel 11, now on channel 12) and WCPO-TV (originally on channel 7, now on channel 9) signed on during that year. Following

2240-479: The Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content

2320-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station

2400-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has

2480-499: The federally mandated transition from analog to digital television . The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 35, using virtual channel 5. As part of the SAFER Act or called by most "Nightlight" service of 30 days past the DTV transition date, WLWT kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through

WLWT - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-456: The right of first refusal . The station today airs up to four Cincinnati Bengals games a year, usually as part of NBC Sunday Night Football or ESPN's Monday Night Football (WLWT parent Hearst holds a 20 percent interest in the ESPN joint venture with Disney ). The latter (if not a national simulcast on ABC through WCPO-TV) means a delay of The Voice to overnight hours, with voting limited to

2640-784: The "WLW Network", and their call letters were stylized with hyphens to further reflect their connections to each other—the Cincinnati station, the group's flagship, was known as "WLW-T". Crosley also owned WLWA (now WXIA-TV ) in Atlanta (purchased in 1953 and sold in 1962) and WOAI-TV in San Antonio (acquired in 1965, sold in 1974). The three WLW television stations in Ohio were NBC affiliates, and carried common programming along with WLWI in Indianapolis (an ABC affiliate). Most of these shows were produced at

2720-621: The 1983 adoption of the Regional Agreement for the Medium Frequency Broadcasting Service in Region 2 (Rio Agreement), they are occasionally still referred to by their former classifications of Class I-A (the highest classification), Class I-B (the next highest class), or Class I-N (for stations in Alaska too far away to cause interference to the primary clear-channel stations in the lower 48 states). The term "clear-channel"

2800-688: The 1995 season. WLWT returned to broadcasting Reds games in 2024 , albeit only the Opening Day game, in a simulcast with Bally Sports Ohio . In 1968, when the Cincinnati Bengals were enfranchised by the American Football League , channel 5 became the station of record for the team as Avco acquired broadcast rights to the team's preseason games, which were also distributed to Dayton, Columbus, and Indianapolis. WLWT would also carry most regular-season Bengals games through NBC's contracts with

2880-588: The AFL and the National Football League through the end of the 1997 season , when NBC lost its broadcast rights to the American Football Conference to CBS . In the present-day WLWT airs Bengals games when they are featured on NBC's Sunday Night Football as well as ESPN 's Monday Night Football , a benefit of WLWT owner Hearst's 20 percent stake in the sports network. The station has aired

2960-594: The Bengals' appearances in Super Bowls XXIII and LVI . WLWT presently broadcasts 42 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours each weekday, 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours on Saturdays and five hours on Sundays). As of February 2012, WLWT generally had the third-rated local newscasts in the Cincinnati market; however, it has been showing steady ratings growth in its newscasts in recent years. WLWT now places #1 or #2 in all newscasts in

3040-470: The FCC enacted its "one-to-a-market" rule , which enforced a ban on common ownership of AM radio stations and television stations with overlapping coverage areas under certain conditions while grandfathering some already existing instances. Avco's ownership of WLW radio (a 50,000- watt , clear-channel station ) and WLWT, and the Columbus, Dayton and Indianapolis television stations was initially protected under

3120-553: The U.S. Senate adopted resolution 294, sponsored by Burton K. Wheeler (D-Montana), which stated that it was the "sense of the Senate... that the Federal Communications Commission should not adopt or promulgate rules to permit or otherwise allow any station operating on a frequency in the standard broadcast band (550 to 1600 kilocycles) to operate on a regular or other basis with power in excess of 50 kilowatts". However,

3200-571: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in

3280-529: The United States and Mexico. The last Canadian daytime station, CKOT , signed off on February 17 of that year after converting to the FM band. There were 61 daytimers in Mexico in 2015. The following two tables show all of the class-A stations in North America. First is the Canada, Mexico, and contiguous United States table, for the former class I-A and class I-B stations. General Order 40 allocations are in bold. Second

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3360-620: The United States' most powerful radio stations. Crosley Broadcasting was a subsidiary of the Crosley Corporation, which became a subsidiary of the Aviation Corporation (later known as Avco ) in 1945. After starting experimental broadcasts in 1946 as W8XCT on channel 1 , the station began commercial broadcasts on February 9, 1948, on VHF channel 4, making it Cincinnati's first television station and Ohio's second (after WEWS , Cleveland ). The station's studios were housed with WLW in

3440-566: The WLWT studios on Crosley Square, and included The Ruth Lyons 50-50 Club (later hosted by Bob Braun after Lyons' retirement in 1967), the Paul Dixon Show and Midwestern Hayride ; some of these programs were syndicated regionally to other stations outside of the Crosley group. In 1957, WLWT became the first station in the Cincinnati market to begin color television broadcasts. It later became

3520-573: The agreement with XM ended in the summer of 2008. WLWT and WLW shared news and weather operations for years while both were owned by Crosley Broadcasting, but eventual separate ownerships of the two stations (WLWT to Argyle, then Hearst Television; WLW to Clear Channel ) led to WLW radio using the resources of WKRC-TV for several years until the renewed partnership with its former television sister. The modern WLW-WLWT partnership ended on March 31, 2010; WLWT currently provides news and weather to several Cincinnati radio stations. The transmission tower seen at

3600-613: The beginning of the 1978–1982 CBS sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati actually belonged to WLWT—it was located at the WLWT transmitter at 2222 Chickasaw Street. That red and white tower stood side by side with WLWT's current strobed tower until 2005, when it was dismantled. On July 9, 2012, WLWT's parent company Hearst Television was involved in a dispute with Time Warner Cable , leading to WLWT being pulled from Time Warner Cable and temporarily replaced with Nexstar Broadcasting Group station WTWO in Terre Haute, Indiana ; Time Warner opted for such

3680-437: The clear channels". The class I-A station owners' proposal to increase power fifteen-fold was not immediately quashed, but the new II-A stations would make it effectively impossible for stations on the duplicated channels to do so, and the owners eventually lost interest. That proposal was finally taken off the FCC's docket in the late 1970s. On May 29, 1980, the FCC voted to limit the protection for all clear-channel stations to

3760-503: The clear-channel licensees argued that a 50,000 watt limit in the U.S. should be lifted. They pointed to successful experiments made by WLW in Cincinnati before World War II , and in later years successful implementation by state broadcasters in Europe and the Middle East, as evidence that this would work and improve the service received by most Americans. Other broadcasters, particularly in

3840-818: The company had to obtain a temporary waiver of an FCC cross-ownership rule which prohibited common ownership of a television station and a newspaper or a cable television provider in the same market in order for Gannett to close on the Multimedia group. When the waiver expired in December 1996, Gannett opted to keep the Enquirer (as well as sister newspaper The Niagara Gazette , which would later be sold) and swap WLWT and KOCO-TV to Argyle Television Holdings II in exchange for WGRZ in Buffalo, New York and WZZM in Grand Rapids, Michigan ,

3920-410: The concept to avoid the then-common practice of having to share one frequency between multiple stations; under General Order 40, WKEN would have had to share its frequency with WKBW , and the daytime-only proposal allowed both stations their own frequency. WUFO remains a daytime-only station to the present day, albeit with a 24/7 FM translator introduced in mid-2017. As of 2013, daytimers exist only in

4000-667: The deal was approved in November of that year, the FCC ruled that Gannett would have to divest WLWT, WMAZ-TV in Macon, Georgia , and KOCO-TV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , due to ownership restrictions; Gannett ultimately retained ownership of WMAZ-TV after the FCC allowed companies to own more television stations. As Gannett had owned The Cincinnati Enquirer since 1979 (and remains the newspaper's owner to this day) and had recently acquired Oklahoma City-based cable provider Multimedia Cablevision,

4080-405: The first station in the nation to broadcast entirely in color, giving Cincinnati the nickname "Colortown U.S.A." by 1962. For a period during the 1970s, the station's slogan was "5, The Originator", in reference to all of the local programming that was produced by the station. The Crosley broadcast division took the name of its parent company in 1968, becoming Avco Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969,

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4160-408: The former "I-B" clear channels with significant power at night, provided that they use directional antenna systems to minimize radiation towards the primary stations. Daytimers (also known as daytime-only stations) are AM radio stations that are limited to broadcasting during the daytime only, as their signals would interfere with clear-channel and other radio stations at night, when solar radiation

4240-487: The games to a network of stations that covered Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, West Virginia , and Tennessee (and included some of its Crosley-owned sister stations). It continued originating Reds games long after most "Big Three" stations dropped local sports programming. The station also aired any nationally televised Reds games through NBC's MLB broadcast contract from its 1948 sign-on until 1989, including their back-to-back World Series titles in 1975 and 1976 . Waite Hoyt

4320-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of

4400-679: The internet during the program's normal timeslot. WLWT clears most of the NBC programming schedule. However, the station airs the network's Saturday lineup out of pattern. WLWT delays NBC's educational block, The More You Know , by one hour due to a 10 a.m. newscast. The station also airs the Saturday edition of NBC Nightly News on a half-hour tape delay at 7 p.m. due to an hour-long 6 p.m. newscast. The Cincinnati Reds baseball team, also owned by Crosley until 1961, broadcast its games over WLWT from 1947 through 1995 . The station also fed

4480-412: The key adult demographics. It was the number one rated newscast in the city for several years when Jerry Springer served as anchorperson. On April 20, 2013, WLWT became the fourth and final Cincinnati television station to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition . Prior to the upgrade, its newscasts aired in 16:9 widescreen standard definition . With the switch to HD, WLWT debuted

4560-674: The lapse in regulation, some stations relocated to non-standard "split frequencies", increasing heterodyne interference. The Federal Radio Commission (FRC) was formed in March 1927, and one of its key tasks was to reorganize the chaotic broadcast band. A May 1927 reallocation began the process, in part by eliminating "split frequency" operations. A December 1, 1927 report on the FRC's ongoing work reviewed operations on 600 to 1000 kHz, which divided these frequencies into ones that were considered "clear" and "unclear". Its 1928 implementation of General Order 32

4640-679: The licensee name for WGRZ. In June 1996, WKRC-TV and WCPO-TV traded networks, leaving WLWT as the only Cincinnati television station to never change its affiliation. Additionally, the purchase by Hearst made WLWT sister stations with Hearst flagship stations WTAE-TV in Pittsburgh and WBAL-TV in Baltimore , leading to all three stations to have a friendly rivalry with each other during the NFL season, as all three local NFL teams (Cincinnati Bengals, Pittsburgh Steelers , Baltimore Ravens ) are division rivals in

4720-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at

4800-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on

4880-416: The network expanded to a ten-hour schedule that month which would have likely seen program rejections from WLWT due to lack of schedule room. In June 1999, WLWT moved its studios from Crosley Square to the Mount Auburn neighborhood, in a building that once served as the corporate headquarters of WKRC-TV's founding owners Taft Broadcasting . This is because after abandoning local non-news program production,

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4960-496: The new rule. While WLWT's channel 5 potential coverage area covered a large amount of the Dayton and Columbus markets, the station was forced by the FCC to transmit with a shorter broadcast tower, thus reducing the signal overlap between WLWT, WLWC, and WLWD. In the mid-1970s, Avco decided to exit broadcasting and sold all of its stations to separate buyers. WLWT was the next to last to be sold, going to Multimedia, Inc. in March 1976. As

5040-647: The number of Canadian clear channel assignments, as well as provide clear channels to Mexico and the Bahamas. Because FM and TV stations did not yet exist, the FCC's main intent for the clear-channel assignments was to provide reliable radio service to the thousands of Americans who lived in the vast rural areas of the United States. As a result, these stations usually reached large portions of North America at night. Radio fans (and staff at those stations) often affectionately call such stations "flamethrowers" or "blowtorches" because of their high power, and boast about their reach by

5120-462: The original NARBA signatories, including the United States, Canada and Mexico, have implemented bilateral agreements that supersede NARBA's terms, eliminating among other things the distinction between the two kinds of clear channel: the original "I-A" and "I-B" classes, and the newer, U.S.-only "I-N" class, which are now all included in class A . Classes "I-A" and "I-B" still mandate a minimum efficiency of 362.10 mV/m/kW at 1 km, whereas Class "I-N"

5200-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be

5280-425: The public interest. In October 1941 the FCC's engineering department presented a report on a complete reorganization of the clear-channel service; the report considered the possibility of "some 25 superpower stations of 500,000 watts or more, strategically located to provide maximum service" (as Broadcasting described it), and suggested that stations would have to be relocated away from the east and west coasts in such

5360-844: The release of the FCC 's Sixth Report and Order in 1952, all of Cincinnati's VHF stations changed channels. WLWT was reassigned to channel 5, as the previous channel 4 allocation was shifted north to Columbus and given to sister station WLWC (now WCMH-TV ), which began operations in April 1949. In addition to WLWT and WLWC, Crosley also operated stations in nearby markets, WLWD (channel 2, now WDTN ) in Dayton , which signed-on in March 1949; and WLWI (channel 13, now WTHR ) in Indianapolis , which opened in October 1957. These four inter-connected stations were branded on-air as

5440-407: The station found that Crosley Square, with its two-story ballrooms and basement newsroom, was built more for live entertainment broadcasts than a news operation. In June 2007, WLWT announced that it would partner with WLW (AM) to provide news and weather for the radio station. As a consequence, WLWT's news and weather updates were heard nationwide on WLW's XM Satellite Radio channel, at channel 173;

5520-540: The summer of 1926, when a successful challenge was made to the government's authority, under the Radio Act of 1912 , to assign station transmitting frequencies and powers. This led to unrestricted expansion of the number of stations to 732, and increased the number of stations operating on same frequency. Moreover, previously stations had been assigned to transmitting frequencies of multiples of 10 kHz, which largely eliminated heterodynes from adjacent frequencies. However, during

5600-570: The transmitter and reducing to 100,000 watts in 2016. Cuba was originally included in the plan and had several stations given clear-channel status, but stopped participating after the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Sixty medium wave frequencies were set aside in 1941 under the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) for use by usually only one, although in some cases two or three, AM stations, covering

5680-407: The western states, argued to the contrary; that if the special status of the clear-channel stations was eliminated, they would be able to build facilities to provide local service to those rural "dark areas". The clear channel standards were continued by the March 1941 adoption of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement , during which most stations shifted frequencies, in order to increase

5760-399: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines

5840-496: Was connected to WLW radio, a station that ironically would be a sister station to WLWT's rival WKRC-TV years later. Multimedia would later acquire Avco Program Sales and with it, the regional syndication rights to Braun's program, along with The Phil Donahue Show ; the resulting subsidiary, Multimedia Entertainment , was initially based at WLWT. In July 1995, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Multimedia. Once

5920-466: Was considered to be important for providing nighttime reception to the extensive rural regions. For the U.S., a form of clear channels first appeared in 1923 when the Commerce Department started moving stations which had previously shared three (initially two) frequencies (two for entertainment stations, one for "weather and crop reports") onto a band of frequencies from 550 to 1350 kHz, which

6000-474: Was gradually increased to 50,000 watts: additionally there were some short-lived experiments with 250–500 kilowatt "super-power" operations, most prominently by WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio The Federal Radio Commission was replaced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1934. There was debate in Washington, D.C. , and in the U.S. broadcasting industry, over whether continuation of the clear-channel system

6080-423: Was justifiable. The licensees of clear-channel stations argued that, without their special status, many rural areas would receive no radio service at all. Rural broadcasters pointed out that most of the clear-channel stations were licensed to serve large cities on the two coasts, which made little sense for a service that was meant to provide radio to the vast rural areas in the middle of the country. On June 13, 1938,

6160-608: Was later extended to 1500 kHz, with 550 to 1070 kHz reserved for higher powered "Class B" stations. Many of the Class B frequencies were assigned to a single station, although a few were used on both the East and West coasts, which were considered far enough apart to limit interference. Class B stations with transmitters located in population centers were limited to 1,000 watts, although stations that operated transmitters at remote sites were permitted to use up to 5,000 watts. Problems intensified in

6240-498: Was only partially successful in reducing the number of stations. On November 11, 1928, the FRC implemented General Order 40 , which classified AM band frequencies as Local, Regional or Clear. Under restrictions imposed by the Davis Amendment , eight clear channels were assigned to each of five U.S. regions. This classification also reserved a small number of frequencies for use by Canada. The maximum power for clear channel stations

6320-596: Was so weak in the mountain west that it served no one there. KOB eventually won the argument in the late 1960s; it and several other western stations were allowed to move to eastern clear channels. (Western clear channels, such as 680 in San Francisco, had been "duplicated" in the eastern states for many years.) These new Class II-A assignments (in places like Boise, Idaho ; Las Vegas and Reno, Nevada ; Lexington, Nebraska ; Casper, Wyoming ; Kalispell, Montana ; and others) began what would later be called "the breakdown of

6400-503: Was the original play-by-play announcer on WLWT, in a simulcast with WLW Radio. George Bryson Sr. replaced him in 1956. When Ed Kennedy became the play-by-play announcer in 1961, he would remain for 11 seasons, working with Frank McCormick for eight seasons. Also calling games on WLWT were Ken Wilson , Charlie Jones , Bill Brown , Ray Lane , Johnny Bench , and Joe Morgan . Citing economic reasons along with declining ratings and pressure from NBC, WLWT did not renew its contract following

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