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44-538: WHOI may refer to: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , a research and graduate degree educational institute in Massachusetts WHOI (TV) , a television station (channel 24, virtual 19) licensed to Peoria, Illinois, United States Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title WHOI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

88-470: A Nobel Prize. By its own admission in 1989, the addition of women to the academy "continues at a dismal trickle"; at that time there were 1,516 male members and 57 female members. The National Academy of Sciences is one of the 135 member organizations of the International Science Council (ISC). Although there is no formal relationship with state and local academies of science, there often

132-507: A formal nomination, followed by a vetting period, and culminates in a final ballot at the academy's annual meeting in April each year. Members are affiliated with a specific scientific field in one of six so-called "classes", which include: Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Biological Sciences; Engineering and Applied Sciences; Biomedical Sciences; Behavioral and Social Sciences; and Applied Biological, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. Over

176-532: A joint French-American expedition led by Jean-Louis Michel of IFREMER and Robert Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution identified the location of the wreck of RMS  Titanic , which sank off the coast of Newfoundland 15 April 1912. On 3 April 2011, within a week of resuming of the search operation for Air France Flight 447 , a team led by WHOI, operating full ocean depth autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) owned by

220-751: A joint program with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). WHOI is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . WHOI also offers public outreach programs and informal education through its Exhibit Center and summer tours. The institution has a volunteer program and a membership program, WHOI Associate. WHOI shares a library, the MBLWHOI Library, with the Marine Biological Laboratory . The MBLWHOI Library holds print and electronic collections in

264-521: A letter signed by 255 Academy members was published in Science magazine , decrying "political assaults" against climate change scientists. This was in response to a civil investigative demand on the University of Virginia (UVA) by Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli , seeking a broad range of documents from Michael E. Mann , a former UVA professor from 1999 to 2005. Mann, who currently works at

308-460: A liquid solution of sodium hydroxide into the ocean 10 miles south of Martha's Vineyard in an attempt to remove 20 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere . The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution develops technology for the United States Navy, including ocean battlespace sensors, unmanned undersea vehicles, and acoustic navigation and communication systems for operations in

352-668: A nation in Civil War as the Lazzaroni had hoped, nor did it centralize American scientific efforts. However, election to the National Academy did come to be considered "the pinnacle of scientific achievement for Americans" until the establishment of the Nobel Prize at the end of the 19th century. In 1870, the congressional charter was amended to remove the limitation on the number of members. In 2013, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson

396-539: A number of different awards: In 2005, the national science academies of the G8  forum (including the National Academy of Sciences) and science academies of Brazil, China, and India (three of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the developing world) signed a statement on the global response to climate change . The statement stresses that the scientific understanding of climate change had become sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action. On May 7, 2010,

440-555: A permanent independent research laboratory on the East Coast to "prosecute oceanography in all its branches" led to the founding in 1930 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A $ 2.5 million grant from the Rockefeller Foundation supported the summer work of a dozen scientists, construction of a laboratory building and commissioning of a research vessel, the 142-foot (43 m) ketch Atlantis , whose profile still forms

484-539: A risk or propensity of becoming the tool of one part of the government. The goal was somewhat unusual at the time, and also different than other knowledge based entities serving a branch of government, such as the Library of Congress. The academy receives no compensation from the government for its services. As of 2024 , the National Academy of Sciences includes 2,687 NAS members and 531 international members . It employed about 1,100 staff in 2005. Some 190 members have won

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528-477: Is an NAS conference facility. The president is the head of the academy, elected by a majority vote of the membership to serve in this position for a term to be determined by the governing Council, not to exceed six years, and may be re-elected for a second term. The academy has had 22 presidents since its foundation. The current president is geophysicist Marcia K. McNutt , the first woman to hold this position. Her term expires on June 30, 2022. The academy gives

572-531: Is informal dialogue. The National Academy is governed by a 17-member Council, made up of five officers (president, vice president, home secretary, international secretary, and treasurer) and 12 Councilors, all of whom are elected from among the academy membership. Agencies of the United States government fund about 85 percent of the academy's activities. Further funding comes from state governments, private foundations, and industrial organizations. The council has

616-538: Is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine , along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). As a national academy , new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. Election to the National Academy is one of the highest honors in

660-548: Is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff and students numbering about 1,000. The institution is organized into six departments, the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research, and a marine policy center. Its shore-based facilities are located in the village of Woods Hole , Massachusetts , United States and a mile and a half away on the Quissett Campus. The bulk of

704-679: The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), its scholarly journal. The National Academies Press is the publisher for the National Academies and makes more than 5,000 publications freely available on its website. From 2004 to 2017, the National Academy of Sciences administered the Marian Koshland Science Museum to provide public exhibits and programming related to its policy work. The museum's exhibits focused on climate change and infectious disease . In 2017,

748-728: The American Geophysical Union , Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography , and several others. Notable scientists include: WHOI operates several research vessels , owned by the United States Navy , the National Science Foundation , or the institution: WHOI formerly operated R/V Knorr , which was replaced by R/V Neil Armstrong in 2015. WHOI operates many small boats used in inland harbors, ponds, rivers, and coastal bays. All are owned by

792-553: The Ivy League , account for nearly 28% of all members ever elected. Those ten are also precisely the only institutions in the entire history of the NAS to have had 100 or more members overall. On the list for living members, only 14 institutions have 50 or more members overall, including the medical school (where it applies). They represent 32% of all living members of the NAS. The National Academy of Sciences maintains multiple buildings around

836-513: The United States Navy . Some of the targets included the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The attacks had been underway since at least April 2017. In August 2024, institution researchers are scheduled, pending approval from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , to conduct a $ 10 million ocean alkalinity enhancement experiment partially funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that will release 6,000 gallons of

880-660: The Arctic. The institution is also working on Project Sundance for the Office of Naval Research. The B. H. Ketchum award, established in 1983, is presented for innovative coastal/nearshore research and is named in honor of oceanographer Bostwick H. "Buck" Ketchum. The award is administered by the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute and Rinehart Coastal Research Center. Recipients : The Henry Bryant Bigelow Medal in Oceanography

924-518: The Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experiments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the purpose, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any services to the Government of the United States. The National Academies did not solve the problems facing

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968-494: The NAS, NAE, and NAM. Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences hosts exhibitions exploring intersections of art, science, and culture such as Mathemalchemy . The 2012 Presidential Award for Math and Science Teaching ceremony was held here on March 5, 2014. Approximately 150 staff members work at the NAS Building. In June 2012, it reopened to visitors after a major two-year restoration project which restored and improved

1012-700: The National Academy of Sciences – formerly located at 525 E St., N.W. – hosted visits from the public, school field trips, and permanent science exhibits. NAS also maintains conference centers in California and Massachusetts. The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center is located on 100 Academy Drive in Irvine, California , near the campus of the University of California, Irvine ; it offers a conference center and houses several NAS programs. The J. Erik Jonsson Conference Center, located at 314 Quissett Avenue in Woods Hole, Massachusetts ,

1056-506: The Senate and House approved it, and President Lincoln signed it. Although hailed as a great step forward in government recognition of the role of science in American society, at the time, the National Academy of Sciences created enormous ill-feelings among scientists, whether or not they were named as incorporators. The act states: [T]he Academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of

1100-532: The United States. The National Academy of Sciences Building is located at 2101 Constitution Avenue , in northwest Washington, D.C. ; it sits on the National Mall , adjacent to the Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building and in front of the headquarters of the U.S. State Department . The building has a neoclassical architectural style and was built by architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue . The building

1144-471: The Waitt Institute discovered, by means of sidescan sonar , a large portion of debris field from flight AF447. In March 2017 the institution effected an open-access policy to make its research publicly accessible online. In 2019, iDefense reported that China's hackers had launched cyberattacks on dozens of academic institutions in an attempt to gain information on technology being developed for

1188-513: The ability ad-hoc to delegate certain tasks to committees. For example, the Committee on Animal Nutrition has produced a series of Nutrient requirements of domestic animals reports since at least 1944, each one being initiated by a different sub-committee of experts in the field for example on dairy cattle . The National Academy of Sciences meets annually in Washington, D.C., which is documented in

1232-470: The biological, biomedical, ecological, and oceanographic sciences. The library also conducts digitization and informatics projects. On October 1, 2020, Peter B. de Menocal became the institution's eleventh president and director. In 1927, a National Academy of Sciences committee concluded that it was time to "consider the share of the United States of America in a worldwide program of oceanographic research." The committee's recommendation for establishing

1276-491: The building's historic spaces, increased accessibility, and brought the building's aging infrastructure and facilities up to date. More than 1,000 National Academies staff members work at The Keck Center of the National Academies at 500 Fifth Street in northwest Washington, D.C. The Keck Center provides meeting space and houses the National Academies Press Bookstore. The Marian Koshland Science Museum of

1320-469: The entire history of the NAS, Harvard University is associated with the most members (331) overall, while the University of California at Berkeley is associated with the most members (255) without including the medical school. E.g. of the topmost schools, UC Berkeley/MIT/Princeton/Caltech do not have medical schools, while Harvard/Stanford do. The top ten institutions, two of which are from the University of California System and another four of which are in

1364-420: The institution itself. WHOI also has developed numerous underwater autonomous and remotely operated vehicles for research: 41°31′28.26″N 70°40′15.50″W  /  41.5245167°N 70.6709722°W  / 41.5245167; -70.6709722 United States National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization . NAS

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1408-400: The institution's funding comes from grants and contracts from the National Science Foundation and other government agencies, augmented by foundations and private donations. WHOI scientists, engineers, and students collaborate to develop theories, test ideas, build seagoing instruments, and collect data in diverse marine environments. Ships operated by WHOI carry research scientists throughout

1452-489: The institution's logo. WHOI grew substantially to support significant defense-related research during World War II, and later began a steady growth in staff, research fleet, and scientific stature. From 1950 to 1956, the director was Dr. Edward "Iceberg" Smith , an Arctic explorer, oceanographer and retired Coast Guard rear admiral . In 1977 the institution appointed oceanographer John Steele as director, and he served until his retirement in 1989. On 1 September 1985,

1496-485: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WHOI&oldid=1023322717 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Broadcast call sign disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Established in 1930 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts , it

1540-469: The museum closed and made way for a new science outreach program called LabX. The Act of Incorporation, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 3, 1863, created the National Academy of Sciences and named 50 charter members. Many of the original NAS members came from the so-called " Scientific Lazzaroni ", an informal network of mostly physical scientists working in the vicinity of Cambridge, Massachusetts ( c.  1850 ). In 1863,

1584-499: The organizers enlisted the support of Alexander Dallas Bache , and also Charles Henry Davis , a professional astronomer who had been recently recalled from the Navy to Washington to head the Bureau of Navigation . They also elicited support from Swiss-American geologist Louis Agassiz and American mathematician Peirce , who together planned the steps whereby the National Academy of Sciences

1628-446: The purpose of "providing independent, objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology [and] to provide scientific advice to the government 'whenever called upon' by any government department", an objective that promulgated the academy with the broad and enduring purpose of enriching and providing resources to any part of the federal government—rather than as a tool of one branch, or executive agencies, which adds

1672-502: The scientific field. Members of the National Academy of Sciences serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation" on science, engineering, and medicine. The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Congress legislated, and President Abraham Lincoln signed, a 1863 Act of Congress establishing the National Academy of Sciences as an independent, trusted government institution created for

1716-484: The second President of NAS. Agassiz, Davis, Peirce, Benjamin Gould and Senator Wilson met at Bache's house and "hurriedly wrote the bill incorporating the Academy, including in it the name of fifty incorporators". During the last hours of the session, when the Senate was immersed in the rush of last-minute business before its adjournment, Senator Wilson introduced the bill. Without examining it or debating its provisions, both

1760-588: The world's oceans. The WHOI fleet includes two large research vessels ( Atlantis and Neil Armstrong ), the coastal craft Tioga , small research craft such as the dive-operation work boat Echo, the deep-diving human-occupied submersible Alvin , the tethered, remotely operated vehicle Jason/Medea , and autonomous underwater vehicles such as the REMUS and SeaBED . WHOI offers graduate and post-doctoral studies in marine science. There are several fellowship and training programs, and graduate degrees are awarded through

1804-775: Was asked to write a speech for the 150th anniversary of the Gettysburg Address in which he made the point that one of Lincoln's greatest legacies was establishing the National Academy of Sciences in that same year, which had the long-term effect of "setting our Nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance, without which we all may perish from this Earth". The academy currently (as of late-2024) has 6892 members, including international ones, both past and present. 3218 of them are living. Existing members elect new members for life. Up to 120 members are elected every year while up to 30 foreign citizens may be elected as international members annually. The election process begins with

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1848-461: Was dedicated in 1924 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Goodhue engaged a team of artists and architectural sculptors including Albert Herter , Lee Lawrie , and Hildreth Meière to design interior embellishments celebrating the history and significance of science. The building is used for lectures, symposia, exhibitions, and concerts, in addition to annual meetings of

1892-399: Was established in 1960 in honor of the first WHOI Director, biologist Henry Bryant Bigelow . Recipients : Source: Over the years, WHOI scientists have made seminal discoveries about the ocean that have contributed to improving US commerce, health, national security, and quality of life. They have received awards and recognition from scientific societies such as The Oceanography Society ,

1936-631: Was to be established. Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts was to name Agassiz to the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . Agassiz was to come to Washington, D.C., at the government's expense to plan the organization with the others. This bypassed Joseph Henry , who was reluctant to have a bill for such an academy presented to Congress . This was in the belief that such a resolution would be "opposed as something at variance with our democratic institutions". Nevertheless, Henry soon became

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