Clellan Card (June 24, 1903–April 13, 1966) was an on-air personality at the Minnesota Television station WCCO best known for the dozen years when he played Axel Torgeson on the local children's show Axel and His Dog . Card was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota , and spent most of his life in the Twin Cities region, although he attended Rutgers College in New Brunswick, New Jersey . He dropped out of Rutgers in 1926, moved back with his parents, and worked at various jobs before starting in radio. His first broadcasting job was doing voice work for a fishing tackle commercial.
46-503: KTLK (1130 kHz ) – branded News/Talk AM 1130 and FM 103.5 – is a commercial radio station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota . It broadcasts a conservative talk radio format to the Twin Cities radio market and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios are on Utica Avenue South in St. Louis Park . By day, KTLK is powered at the maximum for AM stations, 50,000 watts , and uses
92-573: A Sports radio format.) Clear Channel decided to put a talk format using these and other Premiere Network hosts on one of its Twin Cities FM signals, choosing to discontinue smooth jazz on 100.3 FM. On January 2, 2006, the company switched KJZI to talk, becoming the second commercial FM talk station in the area after female-oriented talk station WFMP . The new call letters on 100.3 were KTLK-FM. When KFAN and KTLK swapped formats and frequencies in August 2011,
138-532: A directional antenna at all times. At night, to avoid interference with other stations on 1130 AM , it reduces power to 25,000 watts and uses a nine- tower array . The transmitter is on Flag Trail at Prairie Hills Lane in Prior Lake . Programming is also heard on 175-watt FM translator K278BP at 103.5 MHz in Cottage Grove . It is also simulcast over an HD Radio subchannel of 100.3 KFXN-FM . KTLK
184-470: A talk radio station in the Twin Cities, in order to take advantage of its Premiere Radio Networks syndication arm and the company's recent launch of Fox News Radio . Clear Channel informed AM 1500 KSTP that it would not renew its contract to carry The Rush Limbaugh Show and it eventually did the same with KSTP's carriage of Sean Hannity . (After losing Limbaugh and Hannity, KSTP shortly switched to
230-605: A loony " Scandihoovian ", was created by Card in the late 1930s on a morning radio show on WCCO AM called Almanac of the Air . Card suffered great losses in September, 1952, and January, 1953, when the oldest two of his three children died in separate accidents. His son Peter died in an Air Force training crash in San Angelo, Texas, and John died in an automobile accident in Minneapolis. It
276-548: A more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see Electromagnetic spectrum . Gravitational waves are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser interferometers like LIGO , and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by pulsar timing arrays . Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with LISA operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and DECIGO in
322-452: A secondary service, a translator's owner must either immediately fix the problem or shut the translator down. As a result of the interference complaints, on September 24, K279AZ's power was significantly reduced and the translator moved to 103.5 under Special Temporary Authority (STA) from the FCC, and would change call letters to K278BP. On August 8, 2011, Clear Channel Communications announced
368-566: A site that would within a decade overlook I-35W , using a nine- tower array covering several acres. In 1933, Dr. Young was granted a license for W9XAT, an experimental mechanical television station that is credited with the first telecast in Minnesota. It is believed that the first transmission of the 45-line system occurred on August 4 of that year, featuring a handshake between WDGY station personality Clellan Card and Minneapolis mayor William Kunze . Later on, 120- or 125-line tests were done on
414-722: A tower atop the IDS Center . It previously was owned by the Educational Media Foundation , which used the signal to broadcast its K-LOVE Christian contemporary network prior to the translator's move from Cottage Grove . Within weeks of the upgrade, however, complaints were filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by listeners of KLZZ ("the Loon") in St. Cloud, also at 103.7 FM. Because translators are
460-467: A two-way frequency swap flipping KFAN and KTLK-FM, effective August 15: KTLK-FM's talk format moved to AM 1130, while KFAN's sports programming moved to KTLK-FM's former frequency, 100.3 FM. FM listeners in Minneapolis, St. Paul and adjacent communities would be able to hear KTLK on FM, by listening to the translator station on 102.5 MHz (though this would later change to the aforementioned K279AZ). In 2006, Clear Channel Communications decided to launch
506-529: Is believed by those who knew him well that these events led Card to focus his broadcast talents toward children. Axel and His Dog went on the air the first time on August 5, 1954. Donald Stolz, founder of the Old Log Theater , played Towser, the dog, and soon added Tallulah the cat as well. Local singer and entertainer Mary Davies played Carmen the Nurse. In October 1954, the show was the first local program in
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#1732883776237552-423: Is s , meaning that one hertz is one per second or the reciprocal of one second . It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894), the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz). Some of
598-473: Is the photon's energy, ν is its frequency, and h is the Planck constant . The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as "the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium -133 atom" and then adds: "It follows that
644-574: Is the second-oldest continuously operating station in Minnesota . It signed on the air on December 23, 1923 ; 100 years ago ( December 23, 1923 ) . Dr. George W. Young was the founder of the station, first using the call sign KFMT. ( KUOM , Minnesota's oldest station, began operation in 1922.) Dr. Young first operated the station from his house in Minneapolis at 2219 Bryant Ave. North, cycling through other call signs WHAT, WGWY ("W-George W. Young"), and finally WDGY ("W-Dr. George Young") in
690-452: Is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as microwaves . Light is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz, infrared ) to a few petahertz (PHz, ultraviolet ), with the visible spectrum being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of
736-473: The Malrite Communications Group . The country format continued until April 16, 1990, when the station became "News Talk 1130, WDGY." Just prior to this, WDGY became the inaugural flagship station for the expansion Minnesota Timberwolves NBA team. The talk format gradually added more sports programming until the station switched to full-time sports talk on August 1, 1991. With the switch,
782-584: The Nicollet Hotel at Washington Avenue and Nicollet Avenue after WCCO had vacated the facility for new studios at Second Avenue South and Seventh Street. WDGY made its final frequency move, to 1130 AM, in 1941 as required by the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), under which most American, Canadian and Mexican AM radio stations changed frequencies. Transmitter sites are known to have been at Young's house, at
828-466: The VHF band. The station pushed the technological limits of mechanical scanning and provided a lot of interesting exercises for WDGY engineers, but Dr. Young never got into regular broadcasts, as he did not want attention from radio hobbyists. The license for W9XAT expired in 1938, partly because mechanical television development was discouraged by that point. After 64 years of dormancy, an amateur radio group in
874-446: The 0.1–10 Hz range. In computers, most central processing units (CPU) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz ( MHz ) or gigahertz ( GHz ). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master clock signal . This signal is nominally a square wave , which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As
920-468: The 1970s. In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)). Sound is a traveling longitudinal wave , which is an oscillation of pressure . Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its pitch . Each musical note corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz ;
966-592: The Broadway address, and from 1927 to 1949 at Superior Boulevard (aka Wayzata Boulevard, Highway 12 ) and Falvey Cross Road in St. Louis Park on the grounds of a fox farm. Dr. Young died on April 27, 1945. Later studio locations included Bloomington (two locations), 611 Frontenac Place in St. Paul and, in 2004 at the Clear Channel Communications consolidated offices in St. Louis Park at 1600 Utica Avenue. The transmitter site moved in 1949 to Bloomington , at
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#17328837762371012-623: The KTLK call sign, however, did not move to 1130 because the KTLK call letters were already on a sister station in Los Angeles . Clear Channel instead chose the call sign KTCN for 1130. In early 2014, the Los Angeles station switched to the call letters KEIB , with 1130 adopting the KTLK calls on January 8, 2014. KTLK has one local show on weekdays hosted by Jon Justice, who interviews local lawmakers and offers news, weather and traffic updates. The rest of
1058-424: The Twin Cities to be broadcast in color , using an experimental system. In January 1959, its rating was nearly three times that of the nearest competitor, American Bandstand . A memorable live event at Excelsior Amusement Park at Lake Minnetonka in 1958 saw an attendance of 12,000. In the early 1960s, Card was diagnosed with lymphoma, though few people outside of WCCO knew of his condition. He continued to do
1104-451: The area acquired the W9XAT call sign in 2002 with the intention of using it for mechanical and narrow-bandwidth TV experiments. Nine years after the 1945 death of Dr. Young, WDGY in 1954 flirted with modern TV, applying for Channel 9 in the Twin Cities. Also applying were competing radio stations WLOL and KEYD . WDGY and WLOL withdrew their applications at the last minute and the new station
1150-536: The attention WDGY received, but several jumped on the Top 40 bandwagon. Storz is credited with energizing radio at a time when network programming was moving to television. WDGY gained the nickname Weegee after a time, a sounding out of the call letters. By the 1960s, the station didn't use the name itself, but the name stuck among people in the radio industry. From about 1955 to 1977, WDGY competed for youthful listeners with AM stations KSTP and KDWB , though WCCO remained
1196-476: The average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16 000 Hz . The range of ultrasound , infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtohertz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation
1242-440: The event being counted may be a complete cycle); 100 Hz means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz , or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz . The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second (1/s or s ) in general or, in
1288-449: The hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an easily manipulable benchmark . Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately 1 MHz in
1334-413: The highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called terahertz radiation . Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of X-rays and gamma rays , which can be measured in exahertz (EHz). For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their wavelengths or photon energies : for
1380-616: The hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9 192 631 770 hertz , ν hfs Cs = 9 192 631 770 Hz ." The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (T ). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s). In English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed ; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10 Hz ), MHz (megahertz, 10 Hz ), GHz (gigahertz, 10 Hz ) and THz (terahertz, 10 Hz ). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where
1426-516: The late 1970s ( Atari , Commodore , Apple computers ) to up to 6 GHz in IBM Power microprocessors . Various computer buses , such as the front-side bus connecting the CPU and northbridge , also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range. Higher frequencies than the International System of Units provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of
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1472-540: The military and technology, some of which are paid brokered programming . Weekend syndicated programs include Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham , The Kim Komando Show , At Home with Gary Sullivan , The Ben Ferguson Show and Bill Handel on the Law . KTLK carries Golden Gophers Hockey games from the University of Minnesota . National news comes from Fox News Radio and NBC News Radio . Jon Justice and Andrew Lee hosted
1518-476: The next two years until being chastised by the government for changing too frequently. The station kept the WDGY call letters until 1991. WDGY operated on eight frequencies over its early years. In the 1930s, it was heard on 1180 AM , transmitting with 5,000 watts by day and 1,000 watts at night. The station shared time with at least four local stations, including WRHM and WCAL during its early years. After moving
1564-826: The quantum-mechanical vibrations of massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred through other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the equivalent energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of the Planck constant . The CJK Compatibility block in Unicode contains characters for common SI units for frequency. These are intended for compatibility with East Asian character encodings, and not for use in new documents (which would be expected to use Latin letters, e.g. "MHz"). Clellan Card He married Marion Satterlee in 1928 and had three boys from their union, Clellan Peter, 1929, John Brooke, 1934, and Michael Satterlee, 1939. The Axel character,
1610-544: The rules for capitalisation of a common noun ; i.e., hertz becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case. The hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism . The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1935. It
1656-413: The specific case of radioactivity , in becquerels . Whereas 1 Hz (one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second, 1 Bq (also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average. Even though frequency, angular velocity , angular frequency and radioactivity all have the dimension T , of these only frequency is expressed using
1702-787: The station adopted the KFAN call letters. Following this change, the WDGY call letters were moved to the 630 kHz frequency, which was formerly KDWB (now WREY ). In 2000, KFAN and KEEY were acquired by Clear Channel Communications , the forerunner to current owner iHeartMedia. KFAN experienced severe storm damage in April 2004 at its transmission site, when four of the nine towers at its directional array in Credit River Township (near Prior Lake, Minnesota ) fell down. On August 22, 2010, KFAN's programming began simulcasting on 103.7 FM using translator station K279AZ. The translator broadcast from
1748-458: The station out of his home, Young located the studios at several locations: his storefront at 909 West Broadway in Minneapolis , the West Hotel on Hennepin at 5th Street and 609 South Second Avenue. Minnesota native George Putnam began his broadcasting career at WDGY in 1934. Putnam later gained fame as a Los Angeles television news anchor and talk show host. In 1938, WDGY relocated its studios to
1794-456: The top station in the Twin Cities, with a mixture of middle of the road music (MOR), talk, news, sports and farm reports. As the 1970s ended, young listeners began switching to the FM band to hear contemporary music. That prompted WDGY to change to a country music format on September 2, 1977. The only other stations playing country in Minneapolis were KTCR AM and FM (now KFXN and KTCZ ). The AM
1840-480: The unit hertz. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2 π rad/s and a frequency of rotation of 1 Hz . The correspondence between a frequency f with the unit hertz and an angular velocity ω with the unit radians per second is The hertz is named after Heinrich Hertz . As with every SI unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an upper case letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows
1886-403: The unit's most common uses are in the description of periodic waveforms and musical tones , particularly those used in radio - and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the energy of a photon , via the Planck relation E = hν , where E
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1932-422: The weekday morning program, Justice and Drew , until Andrew's sudden death on June 25, 2022. Jon Justice continues hosting the program solo. Hertz The hertz (symbol: Hz ) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle ) per second . The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base units
1978-510: The weekday schedule comes from nationally syndicated shows, mostly from co-owned Premiere Networks : The Glenn Beck Radio Program , The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show , The Sean Hannity Show , The Joe Pags Show (from sister station WOAI San Antonio ), The Jesse Kelly Show , Coast to Coast AM with George Noory and This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal (via Compass Media Networks ). Weekends feature shows on money, health, home repair, real estate, law,
2024-462: Was a daytimer powered at only 500 watts, while the FM's tower was only 150 feet tall, limiting both stations in coverage area. In 1982, WDGY's sister FM station, KEEY , flipped to a country format as well. The AM station specialized in personality and several decades of country music, while the FM kept chatter to a minimum and played mostly contemporary country hits. In 1984, WDGY and KEEY were acquired by
2070-482: Was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) ( Conférence générale des poids et mesures ) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by
2116-657: Was awarded to KEYD, going on the air in January 1955, today’s KMSP-TV . The station was one of the first stations in the country to program rock and roll music full-time, starting a Top 40 format in 1956. It was then owned by Todd Storz , one of the pioneers in programming to the baby boom generation with some of its music rarely heard on "white" radio stations. Storz's stations were heavy on promotion, headline-grabbing contests, and high-profile disc jockeys , using echo-chamber voice processing. Other Twin Cities station owners resented
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