The Voronezh–Povorino Operation , was a battle in January 1919 between the White and Red Armies during the Russian Civil War around the city of Voronezh and the railway station of Povorino . The Red Army defeated the Don Army under Pyotr Krasnov .
51-528: During the autumn campaign of 1918, Krasnov's Don Army had forced the 10th Red Army to a partial retreat in the direction of Tsaritsyn , and secured for itself operational freedom in the northern direction. After striking at a gap between the 9th and 10th Red Armies, the Don Army Cavalry almost managed to break through to Kamyshin , forcing the Soviet High Command to redirect part of the forces from
102-707: A "port of five seas" (reachable from the Black Sea , the Sea of Azov , the Caspian Sea , the White Sea , and the Baltic Sea ). See the article Port of Rostov-on-Don In modern times, Rostov-on-Don has experienced economic growth. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. For instance, Rostov-on-Don
153-527: A field of wheat. In 1928, the two towns were merged. The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. By 1928, following the incorporation of the hitherto neighbouring city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov had become the third-largest city in Russia. In the early 20th century, epidemics of cholera during the summer months were not uncommon. During World War I Rostov-on-Don
204-508: A guard of honour. In 1870, an oval-shaped mayoral decoration wrought from precious or semi-precious white metal was introduced. On the front is written "Rostov-on-Don" at the top, the Rostov-on-Don coat-of-arms is in the center and the inscription, "Mayor of the City" is written at the bottom. On its reverse side, the day of its adoption, April 9, 1996, is recorded. The decoration is worn over
255-560: A negotiated settlement with the Russian government and military, the Wagner Group withdrew from the city. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Rostov-on-Don is divided into eight city districts: The 2021 census recorded
306-553: A program to create eight multimillion conglomerate population centees or 'super cities'. The Rostov Oblast will be one of these. "The Greater Rostov" metropolitan area will include the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk , Taganrog , Aksay , Bataysk , and Azov . In 1929, the first automatic telephone exchange in Russia with a capacity of 6,000 numbers commenced in Rostov-on-Don. Since 2004, standard telephone numbers in Rostov-on-Don have been seven digits in length. Since 2009, city numbers have begun with "2". The city dialing code
357-509: A rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. The harbour was one of the largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of wheat , timber , and iron ore . In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of Armenian refugees from Crimea at Nakhichevan-on-Don . The two settlements were separated by
408-519: A site called Zmievskaya Balka . On 19 March 2016, Flydubai Flight 981 , a Boeing 737-800 operating from Dubai to Rostov-on-Don in Russia, crashed during a go-around in inclement weather at Rostov-on-Don Airport , killing all 62 people (55 passengers and 7 crew) on board. Rostov-on-Don hosted several matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Rostov-on-Don is the location of the Russian Southern Military District , which includes
459-833: A successful offensive South of the Don River and, in cooperation with the 9th and 11th Red Army , conquered the areas around Stavropol, completing the defeat of the White Guards in the Northern Caucasus. Since May 4, 1920, the Army was renamed the 10th Terek Red Army of the Caucasian Front. Since April 1920, it fought against anti-Soviet forces in the Terek region , until the Army was disbanded in July 1920. Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don
510-882: Is "863". The first commercial bank in the South of Russia, Rostovsoсbank , was opened in Rostov-on-Don. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, and before the withdrawal of the banking license it made a full return of deposits to all depositors. The largest bank in the Rostov region is Center-Invest . In total, there are about 50 banks and their branches, 17% local banks, 80% representative offices of federal banks, and 4% representative offices of foreign banks. Rostov-on-Don hosts higher educational establishments, including universities, academies, secondary schools of vocational training including colleges, technical schools, specialized schools, and elementary schools of vocational training including lyceums, professional colleges and schools of general education. The largest educational establishments in
561-456: Is a center for helicopter and farm machinery manufacturing. The "Tebodin" engineering company opened its fourth office in Rostov-on-Don in June 2010. Public transport in Rostov-on-Don includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas (routed minibus, usually a 17-passenger Mercedes Sprinter). The Rostov Metro was planned in the early 1990s and later in the 2000s and 2010s. At the end of 2021,
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#1733092646830612-515: Is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with the north. Rostov-on-Don is a trading port for Russian, Italian, Greek and Turkish merchants selling, for example, wool, wheat and oil. It is also an important river port for passengers. The Rostov-on-Don agricultural region produces one-third of Russia's vegetable oil from sunflowers. With the construction of the Volga-Don Shipping Canal in 1952, Rostov-on-Don has become known as
663-700: Is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia . It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River , 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov , directly north of the North Caucasus . The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta . Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and
714-499: Is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia . From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais , an ancient Greek colony , Fort Tana under the Genoese , and Fort Azak in the time of
765-567: Is in Rostov-on-Don. Several highways of federal and regional significance cross Rostov. The M-4 "Don" route passes Rostov to the east and crosses the Don River in the Aksay city area. The "Rostov-Novoshakhtinsk" starts from the Northern housing block area of the city running north to connect with the M-4 "Don" route between Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk. The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared
816-481: Is moderately cold, with an average January temperature of −3.0 °C (26.6 °F). The lowest recorded temperature of −31.9 °C (−25.4 °F) occurred in January 1940. Summers are warm and humid; July temperatures average +23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The city's highest recorded temperature of +40.2 °C (104.4 °F) was reported on 7 July 2020. The mean annual precipitation is 643 millimeters (25.3 in),
867-401: The 2018 FIFA World Cup . The international river port specializes in the packaging and freighting of minerals and timber. Shipping information is published online. The main railway stations in Rostov-on-Don are " Rostov-Glavny " and "Rostov-Prigorodny". The "St. Petersburg-Rostov-Caucasus" railway crosses the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building
918-585: The 58th Combined Arms Army . As such, it was a key logistical hub during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive . On 23 June 2023, amid the war, the Wagner Group , a private military company fighting on behalf of the Russian Federation , declared a rebellion against the Russian Ministry of Defence and took control of Rostov-on-Don. On June 24, after reaching
969-621: The Eastern Front to stop their advance. However, the success of the Don Army came at a high price, and some Don Cossack troops raised doubts on advancing further away from their home region. When the German Army evacuated the territory of Ukraine in November 1918, the entire left flank of the Don Army became exposed. Taking advantage of this, parts of the right-flank 8th Red Army began to infiltrate
1020-543: The Inza Revolutionary Division , which was on the left flank of the 8th Army. But the 9th Army managed to restore the situation and again take Povorino, and by January 15 - Novokhopyorsk . Only on January 21 the 9th Army captured Uryupinsk . Fearing for their flanks, units of the Don Army had already on January 17 been forced to start a withdrawal from the Abramovka-Koleno area . Since this withdrawal made
1071-767: The Kozhevnikov Group (20,000 men with 20 guns), deployed on the Valuyki- Kupyansk front, was to move to Millerovo - Boguchar against the White Voronezh group. Thus, up to 50,000 Red Army soldiers, about half of all forces of the Southern Soviet Front , were ready for action against the Voronezh group. The North Caucasian Front was to assist the Southern Front with the advance of the 11th Red Army towards
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#17330926468301122-675: The Ottoman Empire . In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River , a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth , the daughter of Peter the Great , in order to control trade with Turkey . It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov , a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great . Azov , a town closer to the Sea of Azov on
1173-590: The Russian Empire , the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post. In 1796, the settlement was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of Rostovsky Uyezd within Novorossiysk Governorate . In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into a major trade centre and communications hub. A railway connection with Kharkiv
1224-668: The Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky works Mikhail Bushnov, who is the national artist of the USSR and an honorary citizen of Rostov-on-Don. The small collections of the Art Gallery and the Museum of Arts include some works by Repin, Surikov, Perov, Levitan and Aivazovsky as well as modern Rostov artists. Other facilities include seven stadiums, a Palace of Sports, a circus, a zoo botanical gardens and parks. Rostov-on-Don hosts
1275-590: The Army fought defensive battles against the Don White Cossacks near Tsaritsyn, opposing the offensive of the Don Army under General Pyotr Krasnov . Since mid-February 1919, it participated in the 1918-1919 Counteroffensive of the Southern Front , during which it defeated the Voronezh group of the Don Army in cooperation with the 9th Red Army . This forced the Tsaritsyn group of the Don Army to hastily retreat behind
1326-658: The August Counteroffensive of the Southern Front , defeating parts of the Caucasian Army of General Wrangel and entering the area around the middle reaches of the Don River. In October 1919, as part of the Southeastern Front, it continued to conduct stubborn defensive battles against White troops in the Kamyshin region, making by its actions the counteroffensive of the Southern Front possible, which aimed to destroy
1377-418: The Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress, but it remains an important historical center. In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into
1428-542: The Duma on September 20, 1864. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the home guard regiments, which defended the Southern borders of Russia, were raised under this flag. The "Flag of Rostov" is kept in the town's municipal building under glass. Its length is 1,370 millimeters (54 in) and width, 850 millimeters (33 in). The flag is taken out of the building only on Victory Day and Rostov-on-Don Day by
1479-642: The German First Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov , and then for seven months from 24 July 1942 to 14 February 1943. The town was of strategic importance as a railway junction and a river port accessing the Caucasus , a region rich in oil and minerals. It took ten years to restore the city from the damage during World War II. In 1942 up to 30,000 Russian Jews were massacred by the German military in Rostov-on-Don at
1530-659: The Government of the Rostov Region and the Sinara company signed an agreement on the creation of a high-speed tramway in Rostov-on-Don on a concession basis. This happened at the international forum Transport Week 2021 in Moscow. By signing this agreement, the regional government put an end to the idea of developing the metro in the city in favour of the tram. The Rostov-on-Don Airport caters for domestic travel, as well as flights to and from
1581-576: The Manych River. Since May 1919, the 10th Army was attacked by numerically superior forces of the Caucasian Army under General Pyotr Wrangel . Under heavy pressure on its flanks, it was forced to withdraw to the Tsaritsyn area, and then further to Kamyshin where it took part in the defense of Tsaritsyn. On July 23, 1918, the 10th Army became part of the Special Group of Vasilii Shorin and fought in
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1632-700: The North Caucasian Science Center and research institutes. The city is also home to a Starbucks coffee chain, a true rarity in this geographical area of Russia. The Administration of Rostov and Novocherkassk Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church is located in Rostov. Other religious facilities in Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic "Church of the Lord's Supper", the Old Believers ' temple,
1683-623: The Novocherkassk-Rostov-on-Don front. With the Germans gone, General Krasnov needed to cover a new 600-kilometer front. Not having enough forces for this, and also with the beginning of the disintegration of the Don army (at the end of December whole Don units began to leave the front, some Stanitsas even installed Soviet power), Ataman Krasnov was forced to seek help from the Volunteer Army . Meanwhile, Pēteris Slavens , commander of
1734-567: The Rostov-on-Don City Duma adopted a variant of the coat-of-arms in which a tower represents the St. Dimitry Rostovsky Fortress. The ancient Russian arms reference the role Rostov played in the defense of Russia's borders. The coat-of-arms adorns the mayor's decoration but all other cases of its use are first considered for approval by the City Duma. The flag of Rostov-on-Don was approved by
1785-533: The Soviet Southern Front assigned the following tasks to its units: On January 8, the right flank of the 8th Army was already on the Black Kalitva River, and on January 10, after a small fight, Kozhevnikov's group captured Starobilsk . However, Krasnov at the same time struck a short blow at the junction of the 8th and 9th armies in the Voronezh direction, inflicting a major defeat near Poverino on
1836-663: The Tsaritsyn group up to 50,000 soldiers with 63 guns. The main command of the Red Army decided to take advantage of the situation and deal a decisive blow to the Don Army. The command of the Southern Front was assigned the task of immediately attacking and destroying the Voronezh group of the White army by concentrating all the Red reserves, including the Kulovnikov group from the Eastern Front. Also
1887-399: The Voronezh direction to concentrate their forces in the Tsaritsyn direction against the center of the 10th Red Army. As a result, the Whites formed two groups: the weakest - the Voronezh group , and the strongest - the Tsaritsyn group , rear-turned to each other. Both groups were linked by a thin thread of cavalry forces. The Voronezh group consisted of 18,000 to 22,000 fighters with 16 guns,
1938-403: The abandoned territory from the second half of November 1918, gradually enveloping the left flank of the Voronezh group of the Don Army. By December 3, they had reached the town of Valuyki . At the same time, the 10th Red Army began to advance on the right flank towards the Ilovlya station. The Whites, underestimating the significance of exposing their left flank, weakened their strength in
1989-468: The average wind speed is 2.7 m/s, and the average air humidity is 72%. In December 1996, Rostov-on-Don adopted a coat of arms, a flag and a mayoral decoration as the symbols of the town. The first coat of arms of Rostov-on-Don was designed in 1811 and approved by the Tsar. In 1904, some changes were made. One lasting oil painting of the coat-of-arms is kept in the regional local history museum but its accuracy and authenticity are uncertain. In June 1996,
2040-411: The city include: There is also a French cultural centre (Alliance Francaise), a British Council and German Goethe Institute (DAAD and Bosch foundation), and a Korean Cultural Centre. The most conspicuous architectural feature of the central part of the city is the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1860–1887), designed by Konstantin Thon . Rostov-on-Don's libraries include: In
2091-406: The efforts of the Kozhevnikov group unnecessary, on January 18, the commander of the Southern Front sent the group along the Markovka-Taly line for a deeper infiltration against the Voronezh group, with one division heading towards Lugansk . The 9th Army was to rebuild its front to the southeast and head along the Povorino-Tsaritsyn railway. Most of the forces of the 8th Army also had to operate along
Voronezh–Povorino Operation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-401: The former C.I.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. Its IATA code is "ROV". Donavia airlines (formerly "Aeroflot Don") has its head office in Rostov-on-Don. The Bataysk military aerodrome (which is located 5.0 miles (8.0 km) northwest of the city center) may be developed into a new airport hub for Southern Russia. Platov International Airport was opened in late 2017 as part of preparations for
2193-402: The left bank of the Don. From that moment the Voronezh group ceased to render serious resistance and the front broke up. Entire Cossack regiments surrendered or arbitrarily dispersed to their homes. On January 21, the command of the Southern Front considered it possible to move on to the second task: the defeat of the Tsaritsyn group. As a result of the operation, the Don army of Ataman Krasnov
2244-399: The population of Rostov-on-Don at 1,142,162 making it the 11th most populous city in Russia . At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (1,066,523) was: Albert Parry , born in 1901 in Rostov-on-Don, wrote of the summers of his childhood: Rostov-on-Don lies in a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ). The winter
2295-399: The suit on a large chain. The mayor returns the decoration to the Duma on his or her retirement from office. The Emblem of the Don Host Oblast was introduced in July 5 (18), 1878. The flag of the All Great Don Army was introduced in May 1918 on the "Circle of the Don Saving". Rostov's favourable geographical position at trading crossroads promotes economic development. The Don River
2346-415: The troops of General Anton Denikin . In the second half of November 1919 the 10th Army participated in the general offensive of Soviet troops in the south of the country, during which it defeated parts of the opposing Caucasian Army and reoccupied Tsaritsyn on January 3, 1920. In January - March 1920, it participated in the North Caucasian operation . In the spring and summer of 1920, it continued to lead
2397-514: The weakening of troops in the Donbas , where on January 25 a fresh division of the Volunteer Army landed in Mariupol. This led to an offensive on Lugansk on January 27–28. As a result, fighting ensued for the Donbas. Pyotr Krasnov was replaced as Ataman of the Don cossacks by Afrikan P. Bogaewsky on February 19, 1919, and on January 8 1919 the Don Army became part of the united Armed Forces of South Russia under overall command of Anton Denikin . 10th Army (RSFSR) The 10th Army
2448-458: Was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War which existed from October 3, 1918, until July 1920. It was formed from the troops operating in the area of Tsaritsyn and Kamyshin . On May 4, 1920, it was renamed the 10th Terek Army . It was dissolved in July 1920. It was part of the Southern Front , the South-Eastern Front (from October 1, 1919) and the Caucasian Front (since January 16, 1920). In October 1918 - January 1919,
2499-629: Was briefly occupied by the German Empire in 1918. During the Russian Civil War , the Whites and the Reds contested Rostov-on-Don, then the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia. By 1928, the regional government had moved from the old Cossack capital of Novocherkassk to Rostov-on-Don. In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks demolished two of Rostov-on-Don's principal landmarks: St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St. George Cathedral (1783–1807). During World War II , Nazi German forces occupied Rostov-on-Don, at first from 19/20 November to 2 December 1941, after attacks by
2550-400: Was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to Voronezh and in 1875 to Vladikavkaz . Concurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed. Coal from the Donets Basin and iron ore from Krivoy Rog supported the establishment of an iron foundry in 1846. In 1859, the production of pumps and steam boilers began. Industrial growth was accompanied by
2601-429: Was completely defeated, on February 1 the command of the Southern Front ordered the persecution of its remains. The operation was completed on February 8–9, when parts of the 9th and 10th armies came into contact with each other in the vicinity of the Archeda station. In April 1919, Rostov-on-Don was retaken by the Red Army. However, the concentration of Red armies of the Southern Front around Voronezh–Povorino, led to
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