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53-565: Vorden is intersected by the road from Zutphen to Ruurlo (N319) and by the Baak creek (locally called Vorden Creek), which flows to the IJssel. Vorden is located on the Zutphen - Winterswijk railway line, which was opened in 1878 and has a central station on the station road. The name 'Vorden' occurred for the first time in documents from 1121 AD. The town has long had a predominantly agricultural function. At

106-443: A circular fortress was built to protect the budding town against Viking attacks. In the eleventh century, Zutphen was a royal residence for a number of years; a pfalz was built, together with a large chapter church, the predecessor of the present St. Walburgis. The counts of Zutphen acquired a lot of power until the line of counts became extinct in the twelfth century. After the death of her father and her brother, Ermengarde ,

159-658: A medieval county or duchy , as can the provinces of regions in Belgium . Their status changed when they came under a single ruler who centralised their administration, reducing their powers. There were 17 in total: from these unified Netherlands, seven northern provinces from 1588 formed the Republic of the Seven United Provinces , namely Holland , Zeeland , Gelderland , Utrecht , Friesland , Overijssel and Groningen . The Republic's lands also included Drenthe (one of

212-553: A high degree of autonomy , cooperating with each other mainly on defense and foreign relations, but otherwise keeping to their own affairs. On 1 January 1796, under the Batavian Republic , Drenthe and Staats-Brabant became the eighth and ninth provinces of the Netherlands. The latter, which had been known as Bataafs Brabant (English: Batavian Brabant), changed its name to Noord-Brabant, North Brabant, in 1815 when it became part of

265-727: A hundred municipalities, was sold for around 9.3 billion euros. The constituent country of the Netherlands , being the largest part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , is divided into twelve provinces ( provincies in Dutch ) and three overseas special municipalities; Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba in the Caribbean Netherlands that are not part of any province. Previously these were part of public bodies ( openbare lichamen ). Nearly all Dutch provinces can trace their origin to

318-495: A new country house built in 1782. The son of the clients was the poet Anthony Staring, who lived there from 1791 to 1840. The rebuilding of 1847 was undone in 1931. De Wiersse Castle was first mentioned in 1288. In the meantime, it was rebuilt in 1681. In the 18th century and in 1925 it underwent renovations. Castle Onstein , in Louis XIV style, was built in 1711 on a spot where a mansion from 1613 had previously stood. Nowadays in

371-459: A western counterpart, but that gate was demolished in 1772. The city of Zutphen had almost 400 national monuments and over 500 local monuments. It is one of the most important and well-preserved historical city centers in the Netherlands. Zutphen has a great many medieval, especially 14th-century, houses. These houses, often with ornamental facades, can be seen throughout the city center. There are several large 18th and 19th century buildings near

424-478: Is a largely early 14th-century monastery church of the Dominican order . Since 1983 the church has been used as the city's public library, and it has recently been extensively restored. On top of the church, a roof turret from 1771 contains the porter's bell. This bell is still rung every day between 9:50 and 22:00 the time at which, until 1853, the city gates would be closed. The Nieuwstadt (new city) church houses

477-454: Is best known for the eight castles it has, making it one of the most castles-rich villages in the Netherlands. House Vorden is on the outskirts of the village, the other seven are in a circle around it. House Vorden was first mentioned in 1315. In 1580, during the Eighty Years' War, it was looted and restored thirty years later. In 1976 it was restored and functioned as a town hall. In 2004,

530-562: Is considered one of only five remaining medieval libraries in Europe (in England and Italy). This chained library 's books are still chained to their ancient wooden desk – a custom from centuries ago, when the "public library" used chains to prevent theft. Having been fortified, the town withstood several sieges, especially during the Eighty Years' War , the most celebrated fight under its walls being

583-524: Is the "Spittal", location of the Gelre Ziekenhuizen (Gelre Hospitals) group. This regular hospital offers all common specialties (no cardio-thoracic or neurosurgery) and a 24/7 emergency department. It is located in the southeastern part of the town, in the district of Leesten. A sizable number of practitioners of alternative medicine are located in Zutphen. Zutphen is home to several well-known schools for secondary education on all levels. These include

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636-418: Is the least densely populated province with 191/km (490/sq mi). In terms of area, Friesland is the largest province with a total area of 5,753 km (2,221 sq mi). If water is excluded, Gelderland is the largest province by land area at 4,960 km (1,915 sq mi). The province of Utrecht is the smallest with a total area of 1,560 km (602 sq mi), while Flevoland

689-577: Is the smallest by land area at 1,410 km (544 sq mi). In total about 10,000 people were employed by the provincial administrations in 2018. The provinces of the Netherlands are joined in the Association of Provinces of the Netherlands (IPO). This organisation promotes the common interests of the provinces in the national government of the Netherlands in The Hague . The government of each province consists of three major parts: The members of

742-729: The Battle of Zutphen in September 1586 when Sir Philip Sidney was mortally wounded. Taken by the Spanish in 1587 by the treachery of the English commander Rowland York , Zutphen was recovered by Maurice, Prince of Orange , in the 1591 siege , and except for two short periods, one in 1672 and the other during the French Revolutionary Wars , it has since remained a part of the Netherlands. Its fortifications were dismantled in 1874. In World War II ,

795-456: The Catholic community. It was founded as a parish church around 1250. Since then, it has been expanded, remodelled and restored many times. It has four original medieval bells. The Drogenaps tower was built between 1444 and 1446 as a city gate. In 1465 the entrance was bricked up, after which it became known as a tower instead of a gate. City musician Tonis Drogenap lived there around 1555, and

848-618: The Dom Tower of Utrecht which was 104 meters at the time, though, after a lightning strike in 1600 which resulted in a destructive fire, the current tower is 76 meters tall after restorations in 1633. There are six bells in the tower , which are still rung by hand. Since 1561 a library called the Librije was added to the church. It was founded as a public library for the rich citizens of Zutphen. The library contains an important collection of 15th to 17th century books. The Broederen (brothers) church

901-470: The French revolutionary example, in an attempt to do away with the old semi-autonomous status of the provinces. They are listed below, with their capitals and the territory of the former provinces that they mostly incorporated: After only three years, following a coup d'état , the borders of the former provinces were restored, though not their autonomous status. They were now also called "departments" and Drenthe

954-577: The Hanseatic League , a group of towns with great wealth; this league was the economic centre in that part of Europe . During the 12th century, coins were minted in Zutphen by the Counts of Guelders and Zutphen: Henry I ( c.  1150 –1181) and Otto I (1182–1207). Although the city had minting rights for a few centuries, this was only actively used during four periods: 1478–1480, 1582–1583, 1604–1605 and 1687–1692. The largest and oldest church of

1007-513: The United Kingdom of the Netherlands , which also contained (then) South Brabant, a province now in Belgium . This new unified state featured the provinces in their modern form, as non-autonomous subdivisions of the national state, and again numbering 17, though they were not all the same as the 16th century ones. In 1839, following the separation of Belgium, the province of Limburg was divided between

1060-402: The national government and the local governments , with responsibility for matters of subnational or regional importance. The most populous province is South Holland , with just over 3.8 million inhabitants as of January 2023 , and also the most densely populated province with 1,410/km (3,700/sq mi). With 391,124 inhabitants, Zeeland has the smallest population. However Drenthe

1113-478: The "Het Stedelijk" (Dalton plan education and bilingual education), "Baudartius College", "Vrije School Zutphen", (a "Vrije School" being a Waldorf School ), and "Isendoorn College" (with bilingual education, located in Warnsveld ). Students from a wide area around Zutphen learn at these schools. Zutphen railway station is an important regional railway centre. The main electrified lines, to Deventer and Zwolle in

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1166-473: The 14th and 15th centuries, and some even date back to the 13th century, such as a retirement home area. There are also remains of the old town walls in several places. Today, Zutphen is a modern small city. The urban area, which includes the village of Warnsveld, has about 51,000 inhabitants. Food shops are open from 8:30; Other stores are open from 9:30 to 18:00 on weekdays, on Friday evenings until 21:00 and on Saturdays until 17:00. Some stores open earlier, and

1219-587: The 17, but without the autonomous status of the others), and parts of the Duchy of Brabant , Duchy of Limburg and County of Flanders , which were considered to be "conquered lands" and were governed directly by the States General , hence their name Generality Lands . They were called Staats-Brabant , Staats-Limburg and Staats-Vlaanderen , meaning "governed by the States General". Each of these "Netherlands" had

1272-692: The Kraanvogel (neighborhood Kranenburg). Since autumn 2014, the Hofakker has been added, for education on an anthroposophical basis. Vorden also has secondary school 't Beeckland (VMBO); this is part of the Ulenhof College in Doetinchem. Zutphen Zutphen ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzʏtfə(n)] ) is a city and municipality located in the province of Gelderland , Netherlands . It lies some 30 km (18.6 mi) northeast of Arnhem , on

1325-521: The Middle Ages Vorden originated on a deck area located on the "Vordensche" brook, close to house Vorden. The village probably owes its name to the word 'Voorde', which means ford. In 1235 it became an independent parish. Until 2005, Vorden was an independent municipality, but as a result of a municipal reorganisation, on 1 January of that year, Vorden merged with the neighboring municipalities of Hummelo and Keppel, Steenderen, Hengelo and Zelhem to form

1378-572: The Middle Ages as the main town of a county explains its prominent position in the juridical system. Besides a 'normal' prison, the JPC de Sprengen penitentiary facility for boys is also located in Zutphen. There are several buildings: new institutions replacing the old facilities, but the old prisons remained open after the completion of the new facilities. Only the old prison called Lunette did not meet today's standards and closed in 2008. Located in Zutphen

1431-467: The Netherlands finally did become fully part of France in 1810, the departments of the kingdom and their borders were largely maintained, with some joined. They were however nearly all renamed, again mainly after rivers, though the names differed from their Batavian counterparts. Following are their names and the modern day province they mostly correspond to: With the defeat and withdrawal of the French in 1813,

1484-476: The Netherlands have seven core tasks: To a large extent, the provinces of the Netherlands are financed by the national government. Also, provinces have income from a part of the Vehicle Excise Duty . Several provinces have made a large profit in the past from privatising utility companies originally owned or partly owned by the provinces. Essent , which was originally owned by six provinces and more than

1537-618: The Raadhuisstraat. There are several supermarkets, drug stores and clothing stores. Weekly market: Every week a market takes place on Friday morning in the center of Vorden, around the N.H. Church. The weekly market includes fish stalls, baker's stalls, and food stalls / sellers. Schools: Vorden has five primary schools: the Dorpsschool (public), the Vordering (Catholic), the Hoge (Christian) and

1590-576: The city is the St. Walburgis ( Saint Walpurga ) church, which originally dates from the eleventh century. The present Gothic building contains monuments of the former counts of Zutphen, a fourteenth-century candelabrum , an elaborate copper font (1527), and a monument to the Van Heeckeren family (1700). The chapter-house 's library ( Librije  [ nl ] ) contains a pre- Reformation collection, including some valuable manuscripts and incunabula . It

1643-458: The eastern bank of the river IJssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel . First mentioned in the 11th century, the place-name appears to mean "south fen " ( zuid-veen in modern Dutch ). In 2005, the municipality of Zutphen was merged with the municipality of Warnsveld , retaining its name. In 2021, the municipality had a population of 48,111. In about 300 AD , a Germanic settlement

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1696-449: The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century this started to change, when some industry and self-employed started to flourish. Vorden is known for its eight castles: Vorden (that served as town-hall), Onstein, Medler, Hackfort, Kieftskamp, Wierse, Wildenborg and Den Bramel. The surrounding area of Vorden is known to hold equestrian events periodically including an annual fox hunt, now replaced by drag hunting , in late autumn. In

1749-505: The first time in 1396 and that from about 1645, little more remains; the current building dates largely from the period 1720–1726. The Kieftskamp Castle in Louis XV style , was erected in 1776. In 1920 and 1930 it was expanded. The Wildenborch Castle is a former manor, first mentioned in 1372. After devastation in 1490 it was rebuilt between 1523 and 1533. In the 17th century it was largely demolished. The remaining gate tower became part of

1802-595: The heiress of Zutphen married the count of Guelders ; her son Henry I, Count of Guelders was the first to have both titles. The settlement received town rights between 1191 and 1196, allowing it to self govern and have a judicial court. One of the oldest towns in the country, only Utrecht and Deventer preceded it in receiving town rights. Zutphen, in turn, became the mother town of several other towns in Guelders, such as Arnhem , Doetinchem , Doesburg , Lochem , Harderwijk , Venlo and Emmerich . It also became part of

1855-429: The larger supermarkets usually stay open until 22:00. Because Zutphen contains many historical buildings with a tower , Zutphen is often called the tower city. As there are almost no modern high-rise buildings in the city centre , the historical tower spires are very visible and form the skyline . The title of 'tower city' is often used in advertising to draw tourists. The St Walburgis' Church  [ nl ]

1908-559: The medieval town wall and a few hundred buildings dating from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. The old center survived the Second World War almost in its entirety despite the bombing of Zutphen . However, some parts of the city were lost, especially the area around the railway station , in the northern part of the city centre, known as the Nieuwstad (English: New City). The city center includes many monumental buildings dating back to

1961-430: The municipality of Bronckhorst. Other centers in the former municipality were Delden, Kranenburg, Linde, Medler, Mossel, Veldwijk, Vierakker, Wichmond, Wientjesvoort and Wildenborch. In 2014, the centre of Vorden was redesigned, with a number of roads being moved and in some places the pavements were also made wider. In addition, trees have been planted and a new parking lot has been laid out for long-term parkers. Vorden

2014-469: The municipality of Vorden sold the castle to a private individual. Since then the castle has been used as a wedding location. Hackfort Castle was first mentioned in 1324. After being partially destroyed by a fire in 1586, during the Eighty Years' War, it was rebuilt. The current façade in Louis XVI style got it in 1788. Nowadays it is divided into apartments. Castle Den Bramel of the version mentioned for

2067-496: The north, and to Arnhem and Nijmegen in the south, are run by the national railway company Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS). The secondary lines to Winterswijk and Apeldoorn are operated by Arriva . The secondary line to Hengelo is operated by Blauwnet (a division of Syntus ). The regional rail service is run by a special subsidiary of the NS. All secondary lines run diesel trains. Zutphen's old station building (1863), upgraded in 1875,

2120-427: The old city market that used to belong to well-to-do citizens and merchants. Zutphen, although relatively small, is a center for Dutch legal institutions. Zutphen houses one of the 13 Dutch courts, as well as the national training institution for judges and public prosecutors (SSR), the national police academy for senior police investigators, three prisons, and a large number of lawyers. The early emergence of Zutphen in

2173-415: The old provinces and their names were re-established, Holland was reunited and East-Frisia went its separate way. The 17 provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands were for a significant part based on the former French departments and their borders, in particular in what would later become Belgium. There is continuous discussion within the Netherlands about the future of the provinces. Before 2014,

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2226-477: The past; these towns and the destinations in between can now only be reached by car or by train. Zutphen is twinned with: Delegations including the mayors of the cities visit each other, and developmental aid programs are in place with Satu Mare, Tartu and Villa Sandino. Provinces of the Netherlands There are twelve provinces of the Netherlands representing the administrative layer between

2279-458: The possession of Hans Melchers. The Medler Castle , is a mansion dating from the 17th century, which was later renovated several times. The Enzerinck Castle , is a neoclassical country house built in 1835–1836. The Wientjesvoort dating from 1850 has the same style. Shops and Supermarkets: The majority of the stores can be found at the Dorpsstraat, Zutphenseweg, Burgemeester Galleestraat and

2332-530: The provincial council are elected every four years in direct elections. To a large extent, the same political parties are enlisted in these elections in the national elections. The chosen provincial legislators elect the members of the national Senate within three months after the provincial elections. The elections for the water boards take place on the same date as the provincial elections. The last provincial elections were held in 2023 . The next provincial elections are scheduled for 2027 . The provinces of

2385-824: The railway station to the town centre was turned into a road for pedestrians and cyclists only. Zutphen lies 10 kilometers south of the A1 motorway, which can be entered where it passes Deventer . From there the A1 leads East to Hengelo and West past Apeldoorn to Amsterdam . Main roads are the N348 (Arnhem to Zutphen, Deventer and Ommen), N314 (Zutphen to Doetinchem), N319 (Zutphen to Vorden and Winterswijk), N345 (Zutphen to Lochem and Hengelo), N826 (Zutphen to Almen and Laren). Almost all buses in and around Zutphen are Arriva . There are three internal city bus lines, and regional lines to Doetinchem , Deventer , Almen - Laren and Vorden . The bus lines towards Apeldoorn and Dieren were canceled in

2438-448: The tower's current name is derived from him. From 1888 to 1927, the tower was used as a water tower . The Wijnhuis (Winery) Tower was built between 1618 and 1642 by the city master builder Emond Hellenraet, influenced by Hendrick de Keyser . In 1644 the brothers Pieter and François Hemony made the world's first correctly tuned carillon for this tower. During the summer months, carillon concerts are regularly held. The Bourgonje tower

2491-521: The town was bombed several times by the allied forces because the bridge over the IJssel was vital to support the German troops at Arnhem after the Operation Market Garden . After two weeks of battle, the town was liberated on 14 April 1945. After the war, a renovation program started. Nowadays, Zutphen has one of the best-preserved medieval town centres of northwestern Europe, including the remains of

2544-586: The two countries, each now having a province called Limburg. A year later, Holland, the largest and most populous of the Dutch provinces, was also split into two provinces, for a total of 11. The 12th province to be created was Flevoland , consisting almost entirely of reclaimed land , established on 1 January 1986. During the Batavian Republic, the Netherlands was from 1798 to 1801 completely reorganised into eight new departments, most named after rivers, inspired by

2597-480: Was a defensive turret built in 1457. It was built during the Gelderland-Burgundian war . In this tower, the Dutch theologian and philosopher Johannes Florentius Martinet wrote his Katechismus der Natuur (Catechism of Nature). The Berkel gate is part of the city wall on the east side of the medieval city. This gate over the river Berkel connected the old and new cities. It was built in 1320. It also had

2650-479: Was added to Overijssel. In 1806 the Kingdom of Holland replaced the republic to further French interests. It was during this administration that Holland was first split in two, with the department of Amstelland to the north and that of Maasland to the south. East Frisia , then as now in Germany , was added to the kingdom as a department in 1807 and Drenthe split off again making a total of 11 departments. When

2703-494: Was built as a Roman collegiate church around 1050 and initiated by the Bishop Burchard of Utrecht in 1105. After that, between 1200 and 1270, the church was rebuilt to a Romano-Gothic basilica . Later in the 14th century additional parts were added. After a fire in the belfry in 1446, the stone tower was remodelled between 1482–1484 where a large needle spire was added, resulting in a total height of 107.5 meters. Higher than

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2756-468: Was partly destroyed during World War II . In the early 1950s a modern new station was built, a typical post-war building with concrete as its main material. However, in October 2007, the station building was designated as a State Monument. In 2006 and 2007, the railway station area was completely renovated: a new bus terminal and an underground bicycle parking lot were constructed, and the main road leading from

2809-515: Was the first permanent town on a complex of the low river dunes. While many such settlements were abandoned in the early Middle Ages , Zutphen, on the strategic confluence of IJssel and Berkel , stayed. After the incorporation of the IJssel lands in Charlemagne 's Francia , Zutphen became a local centre of governance under the Count of Zutphen . The Normans raided and ravaged it in 882 . Afterwards,

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