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49-405: Since the 1990s, the area has become known throughout Denmark, because of the relatively large numbers of people of foreign descent living in the area. Its many social issues cause it to be officially classified as a vulnerable residential area by Danish authorities. According to a markbog (listing and map of the area's fields) of 1682, the spelling used then was Woldsmose . The latter part of

98-514: A "Person of Danish origin" if at least one of their parents were Danish citizens born in Denmark. All other people are classified as "Immigrant" or "Descendant [of immigrant]". A Danish citizen born in Denmark could still be classified as "non-Western" if none of their parents were born in Denmark. Hettie O’Brien, a writer and assistant opinion editor at the Guardian, has noted the example of Muhammad Aslam,

147-571: A Danish court can make a ruling on the legality. They added that “The application of these laws targeting racial, ethnic, and religious minorities is a clear violation of the right of equality before the law and equal treatment before tribunals” and called on Denmark to "respect its obligations under human rights law based on the premise that all people, simply because they are human beings, should enjoy all human rights without discrimination on any grounds." Asmaa Abdol-Hamid Asmaa Abdol-Hamid ( Arabic : أسماء عبد الحميد ) (born November 22, 1981)

196-450: A Danish language test and be offered language training before the school starts. All children who are at least one year old and living in a vulnerable residential area are required to attend preschool for at least 25 hours per week in order to receive education in the Danish language and Danish traditions and norms, if the parents do not choose to take care of a similar instruction themselves. If

245-492: A corrupt spelling introduced by the city of Odense since 1964 and commonly used since then. Vollsmose has relatively large areas of recreational nature, grassy areas, small hills, trees and bushes, marsh areas, ponds and along Odense Å . On all four sides of the "Firkanten" ("four sides") there are two-laned roads. One side will in 2014 become used more, when a new bridge over the Odense Canal will open. At Fyrreparken (one of

294-433: A crime, or 3) a share of more than 50% of non-Western immigrants and their descendants. The term was used legally with a somewhat changing definition until 2021. In 2013, two additional criteria were added (relatively low income and low average educational level, after which an areas was designated a ghetto if it fulfilled three of the five criteria. In 2018, the details of the criteria were changed, and an official distinction

343-439: A ghetto if the majority of its inhabitants were non-Western immigrants or descendants. The term "ghetto" was controversial, however, inhabitants feeling stigmatized by the wording and researchers pointing out that the areas in question were typically inhabited by 20-40 different ethnic minorities, hence being diametrically opposed to the ethnic homogeneity of the original ghettos , so that multi-ethnic residential areas would be

392-449: A list of prevention areas ("forebyggelsesområder") is maintained and published by the government. A prevention area is a social housing area with at least 1,000 residents which does not fulfil the criteria for a vulnerable residential area, but has a share of non-Western immigrants and descendants of more than 30% and which additionally fulfils at least two of the following four criteria: Special housing and education measures are imposed in

441-536: A more appropriate term. After 2018, when the term was reserved exclusively for areas having a majority share of non-Western immigrants and their descendants, the designation has also been criticized as racially discriminatory as neighborhoods with similar social problems where the residents are not of foreign origin are not subjected to the same sanctions. After a change of government, the newly-appointed minister of housing Kaare Dybvad said in July 2019 that official use of

490-461: A plan was announced to demolish parts of Vejlby Parish  [ da ] (close to Aarhus), to ensure that it didn't get classified as vulnerable. In February 2023, the government approved plans to demolish parts of Bispehaven . The director of the board that owns the building claims that it would be scheduled for demolition even if it weren't on the list of vulnerable areas. Before children in vulnerable areas start school, they will undergo

539-642: A successful girl's club. She is now working in Vollsmose. Asmaa Abdol-Hamid was the first hijab-clad television host in Denmark and got elected as a deputy in the Danish Parliament, and she is the first woman with a scarf to attend the Danish City Council in Denmark. In high school Abdol-Hamid joined Social Democratic Youth of Denmark . In 2005 she was elected as deputy member of the Odense city council for

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588-476: A taxi driver in Denmark who is a Danish citizen born in Pakistan and whose children are Danish citizens born in Denmark, with the children being classified as "non-Western" due to Aslam's Pakistani birthplace. After the changes made in 2021, a vulnerable residential area ("udsat boligområde") is defined as a social housing area with at least 1,000 residents that fulfil at least two of the following four criteria: If

637-544: Is a mosque in Birkeparken. People make do with other rooms. Vollsmose's residents are, on average, younger than in Odense. Over half are under 25 years of age. The average income in 2012 was 175,000 DKK, which is dramatically less than the average in Odense (262,000 DKK). There is a high rate of unemployment in Vollsmose compared to the rest of Odense. In the area there is the architecturally modern Vollsmose Kirke (Vollsmose Church) built in 1975 and two public schools. A third

686-625: Is a project under the Helhedsplan. The Medierhus lies in the Vollsmose Kulturhus (Culturehouse, meeting centre), which lies over Vollsmose Bibliotek (Library) in the Vollsmose Torve (marketplace (shopping centre)). All three media departments use residents as journalists, who voluntarily produce both articles for the homepage and the paper as well as for the net-TV. The leader of the Medierhus

735-680: Is an Emirati-born Danish social worker and former politician living in Odense . Abdol-Hamid is one of seven children. She was born in the United Arab Emirates to parents of Palestinian descent. Her father grew up in a Lebanese refugee camp . Her mother's family also lived in Lebanon, but moved to Saudi Arabia for a few years. In the 1970s, her parents moved to the United Arab Emirates before they contacted Dansk Flygtningehjælp during

784-544: Is an official term for a social housing district in Denmark which fulfils certain statistical criteria of relatively low employment/school attendance, relatively low income, a relatively low educational level and/or relatively many convicted inhabitants. If more than 50% of the residents in a vulnerable area are non-Western immigrants and their descendants, the area is additionally designated a " parallel society ". The Danish government has published an official list of vulnerable residential areas annually since 2010, with changes in

833-489: Is easy to joke about or associate to violence. This is, however, no joke, as the official name in 1999 according to the Royal Library's registration was Danmark, Fyn, Voldsmose. Vollmose has had much media focus and political attention regarding crime, unemployment and immigration problems in recent years. According to some, the original spelling of the name was Voldsmose , however, when the city of Odense planned to build up

882-737: The Anders Fogh Rasmussen I Cabinet , in 2010 by the Lars Løkke Rasmussen I Cabinet , in 2013 by the Helle Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet , in 2018 by the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet , and in 2021 by the Mette Frederiksen I Cabinet . In 2010, an official list of vulnerable social housing residential areas meeting certain statistical criteria was introduced and accompanied by various measures concerning

931-566: The Red-Green Alliance . She then first came to media attention when she refused to shake a male colleague's hand, instead putting her hand on her heart in greeting. She served as spokesperson for the eleven Muslim organizations who filed a complaint with the police after the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy , contending that Jyllands-Posten should be criminally prosecuted for publishing editorial cartoons depicting

980-427: The 1960s and was originally a prestige project for the public service sector, which today is reflected in the high quality of the construction. Vollsmose was pictured to the citizens of Odense by the prospect of good apartments, which low income families could afford. Construction of ordinary houses also began to boom. Construction along Åssumvej was finished in the beginning of the 1970s. Construction along Vollsmose Allé

1029-492: The Helhedsplan, the suburb has gotten its own local paper, Vollsmose Avisen . As of August 2010 , the editor of Vollsmose Avisen is Thomas Juhl Bruun. The paper comes out every other week and is delivered to the residents, in Vollsmose and in areas not too far away from the place. Vollsmose also has its own homepage, www.vollsmose.dk, which includes a net.tv section. Vollsmose Avisen and vollsmose.dk, as well as Vollsmose Net.tv, all come under Medierhus (Mediahouse) Vollsmose, which

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1078-633: The Islamic prophet Muhammad . After a two-month investigation the Regional Public Prosecutor concluded that no apparent violation of Danish law had been committed that would trump the publishers' right to free speech. In 2006, Abdol-Hamid hosted a TV show "Adam og Asmaa" together with Adam Holm . The show caused much debate since it was the first time a TV host in Denmark wore a hijab . The Danish feminist group Feminist Forum said her appearance "strengthens ethnic and gender equality in Denmark" but

1127-584: The Women for Freedom association said, "The choice of Asma Abdol-Hamid (sic) ... is an insult to both Danish and Muslim women." In 2007, she announced her plans to run for the Folketing , gaining the candidacy for a Copenhagen seat for the Red-Green Alliance. She is listed seventh on the party's parliamentary candidate list. Her candidacy caused debate in Denmark over the fact that she intends to serve wearing

1176-469: The area from around 1964, the project plan was presented with the spelling Vollsmose. As of today, the Danish Placename Board lists the approved form Vollsmose . In a piece apparently from Fyens Stiftstidende in 1999, it is claimed that the original name of the place was Voldsmose . This would allegedly still have been the officially approved spelling by 1999, but Vollsmose would have been

1225-498: The area's "parks" are made up of multi-storied apartment blocks of varying heights up to 13 stories, the three "gardens" are 1–2-storied rows of housing units. Bøgeparken is the largest park with about 450 apartments and 1,600 occupants. In all there are 3,500 apartments in Vollsmose, which are owned by three of Odenses housing organisations, Højstrup Boligforening, Odense Andels Boligforening and Fyns Almennyttige Boligselskab. There are around 10.000 inhabitants in Vollsmose. About 70% of

1274-520: The area, where according to police Somali and Palestinians would attack ethnic Danes or set fire to their parked cars. The suburb is classified by the government as a " vulnerable residential area " in the December 1, 2022 edition of vulnerable areas. In 2022, 77% of the inhabitants were non-Western immigrants and their descendants. 46% of the inhabitants aged 18 to 64 were not working or enrolled in an educational institution. Odense municipality reconstructs

1323-555: The areas. Individuals receiving certain social welfare benefits face restrictions on moving to redevelopment areas. The same is true for people convicted of crime, and entire families can be evicted if one member is convicted of a crime. All meetings of housing associations are to be held in Danish, even if some housing association board members may not speak the language. For redevelopment areas (see five year rule above), social housing must be reduced by 60%. Danmarks Radio notes that this can be achieved by demolition. In 2023,

1372-531: The center-left Social Democrats party. The laws have been described as "among the most radical in Europe". In 2020, a group of independent experts from the United Nations Human Rights Council consisting of E. Tendayi Achiume , Balakrishnan Rajagopal  [ de ] and Fernand de Varennes  [ de ] called on Denmark to stop the sale of apartment homes under the law until

1421-454: The definition and/or terminology in 2013, 2018 and 2021. During the period 2010-2021, the term " ghetto " was used officially to designate some or all of the vulnerable areas, but the term was considered controversial and removed in 2021. Denmark experienced considerable net immigration from the 1960s onwards due to a combination of various reasons, of which labour migration, granting of political asylum to refugees and family reunification were

1470-459: The district with residential participation since 2001. This is known as Odense municipality's special Vollsmose efforts or Helhedsplanen, "the holistic plan". In 2000 the Odense town council passed a Helhedsplan for the area, in order to mend the basic problem areas, and in 2001, together with the Social Ministry, began a so-called quarter-lift-project in Vollsmose. One part of the plan was that

1519-438: The inhabitants are immigrants or children of immigrants, and nearly all the students at the two schools in the area, Abildgårdskole and H. C. Andersen Skole, have parents with immigrant backgrounds. There are almost 80 nationalities. The largest groups come from Lebanon , Somalia , Iraq and Turkey , coming as migrant workers in the 1960s and 1970s or as political- or war-refugees. There are many Muslims in Vollsmose, and there

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1568-461: The major ones. Many of the immigrants came from so-called non-Western countries with a social structure which was very different from the traditional Danish one, and the issue of integration of the immigrants and their descendants into Danish society became an increasingly prominent political issue from the 1990s onward. Most immigrants settled in the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and other major Danish cities, in particular in residential areas in

1617-567: The mid-1980s, due to the police's harassment. The family was granted political asylum in Denmark, moving to Genner , Southern Jutland . She and her family are practicing Muslims. When she was 14 the family moved to Rødekro , and then in 1998 they moved to Vollsmose , Odense , to give the children more opportunities for higher education. In 2004, she graduated with a degree in social worker from Odense University College of Lillebaelt and worked as family coordinator in Roskilde . She also started

1666-566: The municipality implement the Vollsmosesekretariat, the first group of employed people to oversee operations. The Odense municipality has placed its grants and payments centre and a health centre in Egeparken. The health centre is run in cooperation with Professor Morten Sodemann 's immigrant-medical clinic at Odense Universitetshospital . Vollsmose has a tradition of having its own media. Earlier, each park had their own little paper. With

1715-399: The name Wolfs Mose occurs (literally, 'bog of wolves'). These maps wore often edited by foreign cartographers and have many erratic German-influenced spelling forms. A third identical word vold simply means violence in Danish (a common Germanic word, same as Old English geweald , German Gewalt ). As the forms Vollsmose and Voldsmose would be pronounced in the same way in Danish, the name

1764-407: The name is Danish mose (bog or swamp). The first part is probably vold (Old Norse vǫllr ), an obsolete word meaning a grass-covered area or plain. Before being developed, the area was low and marshy. Another possibility is the identical word vold meaning rampart (from Low German wal and Latin vallum ), but there are no traces of such a fortification in the area. On maps from the 18th century

1813-444: The neighbourhoods in question. The list has been updated annually since 2010, and its underlying definition(s) have been changed and refined in 2013, 2018, and 2021. Also the terminology concerning the vulnerable areas has been changed repeatedly. During the 1990s and 2000s, the term "ghetto" was increasingly used informally in the Danish debate on neighbourhoods with a large proportion of refugees and other immigrants, in particular in

1862-978: The nine "parks" and "gardens" or divisions) there is an earlier peat bog, which has been dug out in such a way, that one can walk down the spiral along the walls of the hole to the bottom. There are six parks: Birkeparken (the Birchpark), Bøgeparken (the Beechpark), Egeparken (the Oakpark), Fyrreparken (the Pinepark), Granparken (the Sprucepark) and Lærkeparken (the Larchpark), and three "gardens"; Tjørnehaven (the Hawthorn garden), Slåenhaven (the Sloe bush garden) and Hybenhaven (the Dog Rose garden). While

1911-626: The number of what is today officially designated "parallel societies" has declined from 29 areas in 2018 to 10 areas in 2022. The Danish government classifies all 27 EU -member countries, Andorra , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Monaco , Norway , San Marino , Switzerland , Vatican City , Canada , the United States , the United Kingdom , Australia and New Zealand as "Western countries". All other countries are classified as "Non-western countries". The Danish government only classifies someone as

1960-497: The parents refuse to comply, they may forfeit receiving the normal Danish child benefit . The laws concerning the so-called "parallel societies" (formerly classified as ghettos) have been met with widespread international condemnation and called racist and discriminatory by critics. The policy was first enacted during the term of Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen , then a member of the center-right Venstre party, it has maintained support from Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and

2009-440: The residential areas on the various lists. In 2018 it was decided that the share of social housing in redevelopment areas (at the time designated as "hard ghettos") would be reduced to a maximum of 40%. To achieve this end, some social housing blocks will be emptied and converted into private and co-operative housing, whereas others will be demolished. Most frequently, however, new private residential buildings will be erected in

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2058-413: The share of immigrants or descendants of immigrants from non-Western countries in a vulnerable residential area is higher than 50%, the area is officially proclaimed a "parallel society" ( parallelsamfund ). A residential area that has been named as a parallel society for five consecutive years is proclaimed a redevelopment area ( omdannelsesområde ). In addition to vulnerable residential areas, from 2021

2107-430: The suburbs west of Copenhagen. In 2010, the government explicitly used the term in its plan, and it was used in the law change of the same year, stating that a "ghetto" in this sense was a social housing neighbourhood fulfilling two out of three criteria: 1) more than 40% of the inhabitants aged 18–64 being neither employed nor taking an education, 2) more than 2.7% of the inhabitants aged 18 or more having been convicted of

2156-410: The widespread Danish non-profit social housing sector. These areas became characterized by various social problems like low income and high unemployment, and several government initiatives have been taken over the years to further integration and counter urban decay in these neighbourhoods. Major plans to this end were presented in 1994 and 2000 by the governments of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , in 2004 by

2205-413: The word "ghetto" in reference to marginalised areas is "derogatory", and he wanted to put an end to political use of the word in order to avoid stigmatising the areas. In a 2021 reform, the name was finally removed. Since 2018, the number of vulnerable residential areas according to the official statistical definition has been more than halved, from 43 areas in 2018 to 17 areas in 2022. Parallel to this,

2254-566: Was Benthe Vestergård, who was also the public relations officer for Vollsmose, but who has the job right now is unknown, as the next round of the Helhedsplan is just beginning (July 2012), with new staff and new plans, but which again this time will be called Vollsmosesekretariatet. 55°24′30″N 10°26′00″E  /  55.40833°N 10.43333°E  / 55.40833; 10.43333 Vulnerable residential area (Denmark) " Vulnerable residential area " ( Danish : Udsat boligområde )

2303-440: Was finished in 1982. In 2006 the suburb made headlines on national newspapers when seven individuals living there were arrested and charged for planning allegedly terrorist actions . In 2007 the suburb got its first candidate to national elections, when the former residents association chairperson and public figure from Bøgeparken, Asmaa Abdol-Hamid , stood for the leftist Enhedslisten . In 2010 an ethnic conflict broke out in

2352-403: Was made between "vulnerable residential areas" and "ghettos": Henceforth, officially a vulnerable residential area was a social housing area fulfilling two of four criteria concerning relatively low employment/school attendance, relatively low income, relatively many convicted inhabitants and a relatively low educational level. A vulnerable residential area defined in this way was additionally named

2401-445: Was recently closed. There are also twelve children's institutions, a high school and shopping centre with a good library and meeting centre, and a public swimming pool. Beside the centre is a newly opened centre for youth education. There is a large playground with chickens, rabbits and sheep called Børnebyen (The Children's Town). Vollsmose has a local police station, which no other suburb in Odense has. The history of Vollsmose began in

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