38-629: Viscount Cobham is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1718. Owing to its special remainder , the title has passed through several families. Since 1889, it has been held by members of the Lyttelton family . The barony and viscountcy of Cobham were subsidiary titles of the Earldom of Temple from 1749 to 1784, then subsidiary titles of the Marquessate of Buckingham from 1784 to 1822 and of
76-464: A higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . The ranks of the peerage are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount , and Baron . Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in
114-779: A non-social context, 'Your Grace'. The last non-royal dukedom of Great Britain was created in 1766, and the last marquessate of Great Britain was created in 1796. Creation of the remaining ranks ceased when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed; subsequent creations of peers were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The last 8 (6 non-royal and two royal) people who were created hereditary peers (from 1798 to 1800) were: Currently none Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ( UK : / l ɛ f ˈ t ɛ n ə n t / ), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland ,
152-744: A short distance from the residence of the Lord Bishop of Meath at Ardbraccan House . The decision to require the Lord Lieutenant to live full-time in Ireland necessitated a change in living arrangements. As the location of the Viceregal Court, the Privy Council and of various governmental offices, Dublin Castle became a less than desirable full-time residence for the viceroy, vicereine and their family. In 1781
190-585: The Dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos from 1822 to 1889. Since the latter year, the Cobham titles have been merged with the titles of Baron Lyttelton and Baron Westcote . The viscountcy of Cobham was created in 1718 for Field Marshal Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baron Cobham, 4th Baronet , of Stowe. He was the eldest son of Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet . During his lifetime, the Field Marshal received three titles in
228-586: The House of Lords . Some peerages of Great Britain were created for peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland as they did not have an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the Peerage Act 1963 which gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords. In the following table of peers of Great Britain, holders of higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed. Those peers who are known by
266-570: The Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800 . It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland , but was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801. The ranks of the Peerage of Great Britain are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount and Baron . Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , all peers of Great Britain could sit in
304-552: The Peerage of Great Britain : Field Marshal Lord Cobham died childless in 1749, at which time the Cobham barony of 1714 became extinct. His other titles passed to different heirs: the Temple baronetcy of 1611 passed to his cousin, Sir William Temple, 5th Baronet ; the barony and viscountcy of 1718 passed, according to the special remainder, to Lord Cobham's sister Hester , the widow of Richard Grenville, and her children. The Temple family descended from Peter Temple of Burton Dassett . It
342-399: The Peerage of the United Kingdom . The earldom was created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to (1) the heirs male of the body of his deceased great-grandmother Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, and (2) in default thereof to his granddaughter Lady Anne Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, daughter of his son Richard, Earl Temple, who succeeded as second Duke. He
380-798: The Stowe estate in Buckinghamshire . The latter's son Thomas Temple represented Andover in Parliament. On 13 December 1613 he was created a Baronet , of Stowe in the County of Buckingham, in the Baronetage of England . His son, Sir Peter Temple of Stowe (d. 1653) the second Baronet, represented Buckingham in both the Short Parliament and the Long Parliament . He was succeeded by his son, Sir Richard Temple,
418-557: The Westcote barony in the Peerage of Ireland (1776) and the Lyttelton barony in the Peerage of Great Britain (1794). The Lyttelton family seat is Hagley Hall , near Stourbridge , Worcestershire . Most owners of Hagley Hall are buried at the parish church of St John the Baptist in the adjacent Hagley Park . Since 1889 the holders of the Lyttelton and Cobham titles have chosen to use
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#1732876836861456-472: The Act of Union, while later nationalists such as Charles Stewart Parnell sought a lesser measure, known as home rule . All four Home Rule bills provided for the continuation of the office. The Government of Ireland Act 1920 divided Ireland into two devolved entities inside the United Kingdom , Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland . Two institutions were meant to join the two; a Council of Ireland (which
494-701: The British government bought the former ranger's house in Phoenix Park to act as a personal residence for the Lord Lieutenant. The building was rebuilt and named the Viceregal Lodge. It was not however until major renovations in the 1820s that the Lodge came to be used regularly by viceroys. It is now known as Áras an Uachtaráin and is the residence of the President of Ireland . By the mid-19th century, Lords Lieutenant lived in
532-599: The Castle only during the Social Season (early January to St. Patrick's Day , 17 March), during which time they held social events; balls, drawing rooms, etc. By tradition the coat of arms of each Lord Lieutenant was displayed somewhere in the Chapel Royal in Dublin Castle; some were incorporated into stained glass windows, some carved into seating, etc. The office of Lord Lieutenant, like the British government in Ireland,
570-463: The Grenville family was Prime Minister William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville . He was the younger son of George Grenville and the younger brother of the first Marquess of Buckingham. As the barony and viscountcy of Cobham could only descend to patrilineal descendants of Hester Temple or Christian Lyttelton, the wife of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet , they were inherited in 1889 according to
608-547: The Irish Parliament (a number of months every two years). However the British cabinet decided in 1765 that full-time residency should be required to enable the Lord Lieutenant to keep a full-time eye on public affairs in Ireland. The post ebbed and flowed in importance, being used on occasion as a form of exile for prominent British politicians who had fallen afoul of the Court of St. James's or Westminster . On other occasions it
646-723: The Irish administration. Instead it was the Chief Secretary for Ireland who became central, with him, not the Lord Lieutenant, sitting on occasion in the British cabinet. The official residence of the Lord Lieutenant was the Viceregal Apartments in Dublin Castle , where the Viceregal Court was based. Other summer or alternative residences used by Lord Lieutenant or Lords Deputy included Abbeville in Kinsealy , Chapelizod House , in which
684-615: The Lord Lieutenant lived while Dublin Castle was being rebuilt following a fire but which he left due to the building being supposedly haunted, Leixlip Castle and St. Wolstan's in Celbridge . The Geraldine Lords Deputy, the 8th Earl of Kildare and the 9th Earl of Kildare , being native Irish, both lived in, among other locations, their castle in Maynooth , County Kildare . Lord Essex owned Durhamstown Castle near Navan in County Meath ,
722-543: The additional surname of Temple . He was also involved in politics and held office as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Lord Privy Seal . On his death the titles passed to his nephew, the third Earl, the son of George Grenville. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1782 and 1783 and 1787 and 1789. In 1784 he was created Marquess of Buckingham in the Peerage of Great Britain. Lord Buckingham married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent . Mary
760-434: The dukedom and its subsidiary titles (the marquessate of Buckingham, marquessate of Chandos, earldom of Temple and earldom of Nugent ) became extinct. The lordship of Kinloss passed to his daughter Mary . The earldom of Temple of Stowe passed to his sister's son William Temple-Gore-Langton because the title had been created with a special remainder to her heirs male (see these titles for more information). Another member of
798-457: The extensive exercise of the powers of patronage, namely the awarding of peerages , baronetcies and state honours. Critics accused successive viceroys of using their patronage power as a corrupt means of controlling parliament. On one day in July 1777, Lord Buckinghamshire as Lord Lieutenant promoted 5 viscounts to earls , 7 barons to viscounts, and created 18 new barons. The power of patronage
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#1732876836861836-653: The post of Justiciar or Lord Deputy. From the Tudor reconquest of Ireland the post was increasingly given to Englishmen, whose loyalty to the Crown was not doubted. Although it was the faith of the overwhelming majority on the island of Ireland, Roman Catholics were excluded being able to hold the office from Glorious Revolution in 1688 until the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Until 1767 Lords Lieutenant did not live full-time in Ireland. Instead they resided in Ireland during meetings of
874-516: The second Marquess. He served as Joint Paymaster of the Forces from 1806 to 1807. He married Lady Anne Eliza Brydges, the only child of James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos (a title which became extinct on his death in 1789), and assumed by Royal licence the additional surnames of Brydges-Chandos in 1799. In 1822 Lord Buckingham was created Earl Temple of Stowe , in the County of Buckingham, Marquess of Chandos and Duke of Buckingham and Chandos , all in
912-429: The special remainder, to his sister Hester , the widow of Richard Grenville, and her children. In 1749, she was further created Countess Temple in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to the heirs male of her body. Lady Temple's younger son was Prime Minister George Grenville . At her death, she was succeeded by her eldest son, the second Earl. He inherited the Temple estates, including Stowe House , and assumed
950-501: The special remainders by the 3rd Duke's distant relative Charles Lyttelton, 5th Baron Lyttelton . He was the great-great-grandson of the aforementioned Lady Christian and Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet. Before succeeding to his father's peerages, he had represented East Worcestershire in Parliament as a Liberal . After the 4th Baron Lyttelton 's death in 1876 he had already inherited the Lyttelton Baronetcy of Frankley (1611),
988-629: The style of Viscount Cobham . The eighth Viscount's son, the ninth Viscount, was Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire from 1923 to 1949. He was succeeded by his son, the tenth Viscount. He notably served as Governor-General of New Zealand from 1957 to 1962. As of 2010 the titles are held by his younger son, the 12th Viscount , who succeeded his elder brother in 2006. The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Oliver Christopher Lyttelton (born 1976). Peerage of Great Britain The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in
1026-489: The third Baronet. He sat in Parliament for Warwickshire and Buckingham. His son succeeded as fourth Baronet in 1697 and received the Cobham titles in 1714 and 1718, respectively. At his death in 1749, the Temple baronetcy of 1611 passed to his second cousin William Temple , the fifth Baronet. It became dormant in 1786 on the death of the seventh Baronet. The Field Marshal's barony and viscountcy of 1718 passed, according to
1064-411: The viceregal court were: Lords Lieutenant were appointed for no set term but served for "His/Her Majesty's pleasure" (in reality, as long as wished by the British government). When a ministry fell, the Lord Lieutenant was usually replaced by a supporter of the new ministry. Until the 16th century, Anglo-Irish noblemen such as the 8th Earl of Kildare and the 9th Earl of Kildare traditionally held
1102-702: Was a Tory politician and served as Lord Privy Seal from 1841 to 1842. On his death, the titles passed to his son, the third Duke. He was also a prominent politician and served as Lord President of the Council and as Secretary of State for the Colonies . In 1868 the Duke established his right to the Scottish lordship of Kinloss before the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords . However, on his death in 1889 without male issue,
1140-449: Was a stepping stone to a future career. Two Lords Lieutenant, Lord Hartington and the Duke of Portland , went from Dublin Castle to 10 Downing Street as Prime Minister of Great Britain , in 1756 and 1783 respectively. By the mid-to-late 19th century the post had declined from being a powerful political office to that of being a symbolic quasi-monarchical figure who reigned, not ruled, over
1178-429: Was greatly resented by some Irish nationalists , though it was supported with varying degrees of enthusiasm by the minority Irish unionist community. Some Lords Lieutenant did earn a measure of popularity in a personal capacity among nationalists. From the early 19th century, calls were made frequently for the abolition of the office and its replacement by a " Secretary of State for Ireland". A bill to effect this change
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1216-491: Was hoped would evolve into a working all-Ireland parliament) and the Lord Lieutenant who would be the nominal chief executive of both regimes, appointing both prime ministers and dissolving both parliaments. In fact only Northern Ireland functioned, with Southern Ireland being quickly replaced by the Irish Free State with its own Governor-General . The Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922 provided that, once
1254-456: Was in 1800 created Baroness Nugent in her own right in the Peerage of Ireland , with remainder to her second son George (see the Baron Nugent ). In 1788 Lord Buckingham also succeeded his father-in-law as second Earl Nugent according to a special remainder in the letters patent . He assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Nugent at the same time. He was succeeded by his son,
1292-419: Was introduced in Parliament in 1850 by the government of Lord John Russell but was subsequently withdrawn when it became clear that it would receive insufficient support to pass. The office survived until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. Irish nationalists throughout the 19th century and early 20th century campaigned for a form of Irish self-government. Daniel O'Connell sought repeal of
1330-805: Was once thought that his younger son Anthony Temple founded the Irish branch of the family from whom the Viscounts Palmerston descended. Now it is argued that Sir William Temple founder of the Irish branch descended not from the Temples of Burton Dassett but from Robert Temple of Coughton (Peter Temple of Burton Dassett’s older brother) and his descendants the Temples of Temple Hall, Leicestershire. [see Rosemary O’Day, An Elite family in early modern England: The Temples of Stowe and Burton Dassett, Woodbridge, 2018, pp. 49, 54; Elizabeth Boran, ‘William Temple’, ODNB (Oxford, 2004)] Peter Temple's elder son, John Temple, acquired
1368-570: Was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the Viceroy , and his wife was known as the vicereine . The government of Ireland in practice
1406-718: Was used to bribe MPs and peers into supporting the Act of Union 1800 , with many of those who changed sides and supported the Union in Parliament awarded peerages and honours for doing so. The Lord Lieutenant was advised in the governance by the Irish Privy Council , a body of appointed figures and hereditary title holders, which met in the Council Chamber in Dublin Castle and on occasion in other locations. The chief constitutional figures in
1444-638: Was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland . The Lord Lieutenant possessed a number of overlapping roles. He was Prior to the Act of Union 1800 which abolished the Irish parliament, the Lord Lieutenant formally delivered the Speech from the Throne outlining his Government's policies. His Government exercised effective control of parliament through
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