113-725: Virumbugiren is a 2002 Indian Tamil -language romantic drama film directed by Susi Ganeshan . The film stars Prashanth and Sneha , while Eswari Rao played a pivotal role which fetched her Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female) and Nassar , Livingston and Sriman portrayed supporting roles. Deva composed the film's music while K. V. Anand handled the film's cinematography. The film released after much delay across Tamil Nadu in December 2002. The film went on to gain success before release in 2001, by winning four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards including Best Film and Best Director for Susi Ganesan . Sneha also won
226-468: A lexical root to which one or more affixes are attached. Most Tamil affixes are suffixes . Tamil suffixes can be derivational suffixes, which either change the part of speech of the word or its meaning, or inflectional suffixes, which mark categories such as person , number , mood , tense , etc. There is no absolute limit on the length and extent of agglutination , which can lead to long words with many suffixes, which would require several words or
339-480: A , as with other Indic scripts . This inherent vowel is removed by adding a tittle called a puḷḷi , to the consonantal sign. For example, ன is ṉa (with the inherent a ) and ன் is ṉ (without a vowel). Many Indic scripts have a similar sign, generically called virama , but the Tamil script is somewhat different in that it nearly always uses a visible puḷḷi to indicate a 'dead consonant' (a consonant without
452-740: A 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in Tamil Nadu , Puducherry , (in India) and in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . The language is spoken among small minority groups in other states of India which include Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala , Maharashtra , Gujarat , Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India and in certain regions of Sri Lanka such as Colombo and
565-594: A Malayalam film, Vaitheeswaran , 1977 and a film directed by K. S. Ravikumar. He then played a cameo appearance as himself in Cheran 's Maya Kannadi . Sarathkumar's last 2007 release was Nam Naadu , a remake of the Malayalam hit Lion , marking his third collaboration with director Suresh. This was his first film after he launched his own political party in Tamil Nadu. The film, released to largely negative reviews, failed at
678-488: A blockbuster and achieved cult status. His performance was highly praised by critics and also fetched him several notable awards, including Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor , Filmfare Award for Best Actor and Cinema Express Award for Best Actor . It was followed by Magudikkaran in which he appeared in a guest appearance. After the failure of Captain and the success of Nattamai , R. Sarathkumar decided to focus only on Tamil cinema. The next year, he worked in
791-720: A blockbuster. R. Sarathkumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the third time and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for the second time. He made a cameo appearance in Vikraman's Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen . He then starred in the Telugu film Preminchanu Nene and in Simmarasi , directed by Erode Soundar, K. S. Ravikumar's former dialogue writer. Simmarasi was released to unfavourable reviews, but Sarathkumar
904-501: A bodybuilder and later journalist, in 1986, Sarathkumar started his acting career in the Telugu film Samajamlo Sthree . He first acted in negative roles, and later played supporting roles before establishing himself as a lead actor in subsequent years, earning him the titles Super Hero and Supreme Star in Tamil cinema . In 2007, he launched a new political party All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK) in Tamil Nadu , claiming to carry out
1017-412: A commercial success in both Tamil and Telugu, he won for his performance a Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor . In early 2012, he accepted Soundarya 's offer for an important role in the film Kochadaiiyaan , starring Rajinikanth and Deepika Padukone . He played lead role in the Malayalam film Achante Aanmakkal as an IPS officer. He then starred in his first Kannada film Saarathi , which
1130-511: A family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent . It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue ). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam ; the two began diverging around the 9th century CE. Although many of
1243-498: A flop at the box office. In October 2009, Sarathkumar made his debut in Malayalam through Pazhassi Raja , in which he co-starred with Mammootty and he played the role of Edachena Kunkan . The historical period film was directed by Hariharan . For the film, Sarathkumar won the Vanitha Film Awards for Best Supporting Actor. After the release of Pazhassi Raja , Sarathkumar was flooded with offers in Malayalam. Jaggubhai
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#17328947890051356-754: A guest appearance in Pennin Manathai Thottu . Despite facing controversy, Maayi proved to be successful at the box office with a reviewer citing that "In the title role of a totally underplayed character, Sarathkumar surely makes a mark". In the start of 2001, he acted in the action film Rishi and went on to appear as himself in Ullam Kollai Poguthae , both directed by Sundar C. He co-starred with Vikram in Vinnukum Mannukum , directed by Rajakumaran and produced by R. B. Choudary. The film, released after many troubles and eventually failed at
1469-400: A guest role for Pavithran's film Indhu . Namma Annachi and Rajapandi were released to unfavourable reviews. K. Vijiyan of New Straits Times stated for Namma Annachi : "to do all three roles is just to generate more publicity for Sarath and the movie". His next venture was K. S. Ravikumar's Nattamai , alongside Meena and Khushbu , in which he played a dual role. The film became
1582-591: A number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BCE, the oldest attestation of the language. Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions from 300 BCE to 700 CE. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil-Brahmi . The earliest long text in Old Tamil
1695-650: A number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns dating from at least 696 BCE in Adichanallur . Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi . These were sent to Beta Analytic in Miami , Florida , for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions
1808-512: A number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions, and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Changes in written Tamil include the use of European-style punctuation and the use of consonant clusters that were not permitted in Middle Tamil. The syntax of written Tamil has also changed, with
1921-532: A possible Chief Minister candidate". He merged his All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi with the Bharatiya Janata Party on 12 March 2024, at Chennai . After finishing his studies, Sarathkumar started out as a newspaper boy, managing newspaper circulation before moving on to become a reporter. After establishing Dinakaran in Bangalore , he was called to Chennai to expand their business there. Sarathkumar
2034-419: A posting in a village, and they fall in love. But Thavamani's father and the whole village are against the lovers. How the lovers fight against all odds and win forms the rest of this love story. In March 1999, Susi Ganeshan was able to convince producer Shanti Thiagarajan to fund his first feature film, after he left Mani Ratnam's team of assistant directors. The film was initially titled Thithikkum Thee and
2147-651: A sentence in English. To give an example, the word pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means "for the sake of those who cannot go" and consists of the following morphemes : போக pōka go முடி muṭi accomplish Sarath Kumar Ramanathan Sarathkumar (born 14 July 1954) is an Indian actor, politician and former bodybuilder who works predominantly in Tamil cinema in addition to Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada and Hindi films. He has acted in more than 145 films and won two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards South . Originally
2260-620: A small number speak the language. In Reunion where the Tamil language was forbidden to be learnt and used in public space by France it is now being relearnt by students and adults. Tamil is also spoken by migrants from Sri Lanka and India in Canada , the United States , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom , South Africa , and Australia . Tamil is the official language of
2373-562: A stylish police officer and the actor is the main reason to watch the film until the end". For the Hindu press, "this is a role that he can perform in his sleep. The film opened to mostly negative reviews. In 2018, he starred in a series of Telugu action movies like Naa Peru Surya , Bharat Ane Nenu , Saakshyam and Devadas . In 2019, he acted in the Kannada movie Seetharama Kalyana . In 2020, Vaanam Kottattum from Dhana and Mani Ratnam
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#17328947890052486-595: A subject of study in schools in the French overseas department of Réunion . In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India and following a political campaign supported by several Tamil associations, Tamil became the first legally recognised Classical language of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous President of India , Abdul Kalam , who
2599-458: A variety of dialects that are all collectively known as Brahmin Tamil . These dialects tend to have softer consonants (with consonant deletion also common). These dialects also tend to have many Sanskrit loanwords. Tamil in Sri Lanka incorporates loan words from Portuguese , Dutch , and English. In addition to its dialects, Tamil exhibits different forms: a classical literary style modelled on
2712-592: A videotape, which Sarathkumar gave her for personal viewing at her residence. However, this caused a furore in the film industry as the producer R. B. Choudary threatened action against Sarathkumar for misusing a tape given to him for personal viewing. An embarrassed Sarathkumar explained that he was taken by surprise and that he never expected Jayalalithaa to give it to the channel for the telecast. He sought an explanation from both Jayalalitha and JJ TV, but without success. The ruling party reacted predictably, using every forum to attack Sarathkumar. He, in turn, realising that
2825-438: A vowel). In other Indic scripts, it is generally preferred to use a ligature or a half form to write a syllable or a cluster containing a dead consonant, although writing it with a visible virama is also possible. The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced plosives . Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of Tamil phonology . In addition to
2938-575: Is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia . It is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India , along with Sanskrit , attested since c. 300 BCE. The language belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian language family and shares close ties with Malayalam and Kannada . Despite external influences, Tamil has retained a sense of linguistic purism, especially in formal and literary contexts. Tamil
3051-741: Is a neat family entertainer with some good emotional moments and memorable performance. He starred in pivotal supporting character Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar from Ponniyin Selvan: I (2022) of filmmaker Mani Ratnam . He played a father character in family entertainer Varisu (2023). The second part of the historic epic drama Ponniyin Selvan: II (2023) was released to massive opening. He also did key roles in movies like Custody (2023) and Rangabali (2023) to expand his fan base in Telugu. Tamil crime thrillers Por Thozhil (2023) and Paramporul (2023) were both commercial successes. He also seen in
3164-567: Is based on real events happened in Susi's native village Vallivelampatti. The project, Virumbugiren , was launched at Hotel Chola Sheraton, Chennai on 19 January 2000 with Susi Ganeshan , an erstwhile assistant of Mani Ratnam being introduced as a director. It was announced that the film would have cinematography by K. V. Anand , music by Deva , lyrics by Vairamuthu , art by Thota Tharani editing by Suresh Urs and special effects by Venki; and it would be produced by Vandana Bhatt and Mary Francis under
3277-457: Is based on the dialect of Jaffna . After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava . The current Tamil script consists of 12 vowels , 18 consonants and one special character, the āytam . The vowels and consonants combine to form 216 compound characters, giving a total of 247 characters (12 + 18 + 1 + (12 × 18)). All consonants have an inherent vowel
3390-433: Is commendable", adding that "as the tough father, Nasser has come up with a strong performance". Visual Dasan of Kalki wrote Susi Ganesan is a young director who needs to be nurtured, who not only tells the story of a village love in a different context but against the forces that dictate the villagers. Chennai Online wrote "The scripting and narration move smoothly, and the director has tried to infuse some realism within
3503-401: Is deemed unlikely by Southworth due to the contemporary use of the compound 'centamiḻ', which means refined speech in the earliest literature. The Tamil Lexicon of University of Madras defines the word "Tamil" as "sweetness". S. V. Subramanian suggests the meaning "sweet sound", from tam – "sweet" and il – "sound". Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages ,
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3616-563: Is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam . Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th-century grammar Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam , with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu , col , poruḷ , yāppu , aṇi . Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. Tamil words consist of
3729-501: Is found in Tholkappiyam , which is dated as early as late 2nd century BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription , inscribed around a similar time period (150 BCE), by Kharavela , the Jain king of Kalinga , also refers to a Tamira Samghatta ( Tamil confederacy ) The Samavayanga Sutra dated to the 3rd century BCE contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'. Southworth suggests that
3842-405: Is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century, was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme, the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals, and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic . In grammar, the most important change
3955-409: Is generally used in formal writing and speech. For instance, it is the language of textbooks, of much of Tamil literature and of public speaking and debate. In recent times, however, koṭuntamiḻ has been making inroads into areas that have traditionally been considered the province of centamiḻ . Most contemporary cinema, theatre and popular entertainment on television and radio, for example,
4068-410: Is in koṭuntamiḻ , and many politicians use it to bring themselves closer to their audience. The increasing use of koṭuntamiḻ in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial 'standard' spoken dialects. In India, the 'standard' koṭuntamiḻ , rather than on any one dialect, but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of Thanjavur and Madurai . In Sri Lanka, the standard
4181-771: Is not always consistently applied. ISO 15919 is an international standard for the transliteration of Tamil and other Indic scripts into Latin characters. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of Brahmic consonants and vowels to Latin script , and thus the alphabets of various languages, including English. Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, and numeral are present as well. Tamil also uses several historical fractional signs. /f/ , /z/ , /ʂ/ and /ɕ/ are only found in loanwords and may be considered marginal phonemes, though they are traditionally not seen as fully phonemic. Tamil has two diphthongs : /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ ,
4294-436: Is now the founder and editor of Media Voice weekly magazine in Tamil. One of the key value propositions that Media Voice brings to the table is Sarath's personal interview each month with a news-maker discussing current issues. "Although I am a politician and actor now, the journalist in me is still alive. I love multitasking", said Sarath. The Hindu states: From such humble beginnings, he has learnt to live an inspired life, and
4407-524: Is predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu , India, and the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . It has significant speaking populations in Malaysia , Singapore , and among diaspora communities . Tamil has been recognized as a classical language by the Indian government and holds official status in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Singapore. The earliest extant Tamil literary works and their commentaries celebrate
4520-647: Is quite proficient in Russian . Sarathkumar made his acting debut in 1986, in the Telugu film Samajamlo Sthree at the behest of a producer friend. Sarathkumar was originally cast to play the lead role in Chinna Poove Mella Pesu (1987) directed by Robert–Rajasekar but the producers insisted on having one familiar face and he was replaced by actor Prabhu . In 1988, while running his travel agency in Chennai, Sarathkumar got an opportunity to act as well as produce in
4633-409: Is the Tolkāppiyam , an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE. Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as Sangam literature . These poems are usually dated to between the 1st century BCE and 5th century CE. The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil , which
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4746-735: Is the strong leader that society needs. R. Sarathkumar has been married twice. His first marriage was with Chaya Devi in 1984 and the couple had two daughters, Varalaxmi (born 1985) and Pooja (born 1987). Varalaxmi is an actress in the South Indian film industry . While still married to Chaya, Sarathkumar had a highly publicised affair with actress Nagma during the mid-1990s. Sarathkumar and Chaya got divorced in 2000. Sarathkumar married actress Radhika in 2001. They were friends when they worked together in Kargil, they also paired in two films: Namma Annachi and Suryavamsam . The couple has
4859-772: Is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English, Malay and Mandarin. A large community of Pakistani Tamils speakers exists in Karachi , Pakistan , which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka. There are about 100 Tamil Hindu families in Madrasi Para colony in Karachi. They speak impeccable Tamil along with Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi. Many in Réunion , Guyana , Fiji , Suriname , and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins, but only
4972-536: The Best Actress award, while Easwari Rao scooped the Best Supporting Actress award. Sivan is an aspiring designer. His hopes crash when he lands up with the responsibility of looking after his mother and younger brothers with his father's sudden death. Since his father dies while in service, Shivan is forced to take up his father's job as a fire service man. He meets Thavamani, a beautiful rustic while on
5085-513: The NCC , becoming an Air Wing Cadet. He was one of the cadets who marched in the Republic Day Parade of 1970. After completing his pre-university levels at Loyola College , he was subsequently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from The New College . He later became a bodybuilder and earned the "Mr. Madras University" title in 1974. He then moved to Bangalore to work for
5198-458: The Pandiyan Kings for the organization of long-termed Tamil Sangams , which researched, developed and made amendments in Tamil language. Even though the name of the language which was developed by these Tamil Sangams is mentioned as Tamil, the period when the name "Tamil" came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name
5311-584: The University of Madras , was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. A strong strain of linguistic purism emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the Pure Tamil Movement which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil. It received some support from Dravidian parties . This led to the replacement of a significant number of Sanskrit loanwords by Tamil equivalents, though many others remain. According to
5424-486: The 11th century, retain many features of the Vaishnava paribasai , a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values. Several castes have their own sociolects which most members of that caste traditionally used regardless of where they come from. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. For example, Tamil Brahmins tend to speak
5537-476: The Indian state of Haryana , purportedly as a rebuff to Punjab , though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by Punjabi , in 2010. In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in Tamil as the medium of instruction . The establishment of Tamil-medium schools has been in process in Myanmar to provide education completely in Tamil language by
5650-469: The Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore . Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Sinhala . It was once given nominal official status in
5763-425: The Kannada film Santheyalli Nintha Kabira . Sarath kumar accumulates films in second roles like Nenorakam (2017), Raajakumara (2017), Jaya Janaki Nayaka (2017). He made his comeback in Tamil cinema as the main lead in the thriller film, Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2 (2017), a spirit sequel to the 2013 Chennaiyil Oru Naal . As reviewed by sify.com, "Sarathkumar is the only saving grace, he looks perfect as
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#17328947890055876-407: The Malayalam film Bandra (2023). In his early days as an actor, R. Sarathkumar was considered to be close to All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) supremo Jayalalithaa . However, Sarath's proximity to Jayalalithaa landed him in deep trouble when the film Nattamai (1994), which was still running in Tamil Nadu theatres, was aired by Jayalalithaa's television channel JJ TV, using
5989-625: The Tamil film Kan Simittum Neram . The film was directed by Kannadasan and he co-starred with Karthik and Ambika . In 1989, R. Sarathkumar was spotted by Raju, the personal make-up man of actor Vijayakanth , who recommended him to the Pulan Visaranai ' s team. Finally, R. Sarathkumar acted as a villain in Pulan Visaranai and the film turned out to be a blockbuster. He won a Cinema Express Award for Best Villain for his role, which brought him more film offers. In 1990, he teamed up for
6102-535: The Tamil language, Kannada still preserves a lot from its roots. As part of the southern family of Indian languages and situated relatively close to the northern parts of India, Kannada also shares some Sanskrit words, similar to Malayalam. Many of the formerly used words in Tamil have been preserved with little change in Kannada. This shows a relative parallel to Tamil, even as Tamil has undergone some changes in modern ways of speaking. According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil)
6215-673: The Tamils who settled there 200 years ago. Tamil language is available as a course in some local school boards and major universities in Canada and the month of January has been declared "Tamil Heritage Month" by the Parliament of Canada . Tamil enjoys a special status of protection under Article 6(b), Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa and is taught as a subject in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. Recently, it has been rolled out as
6328-491: The Telugu film Chandee , playing the role of a police officer. In the beginning of 2014, he played the role of a CBI officer in Nimirndhu Nil and Janda Pai Kapiraju , which were shot simultaneously in Tamil and Telugu. He then appeared in "India's first photorealistic performance capture film" Kochadaiiyaan , co-starring Rajinikanth and Deepika Padukone . The film is followed by Malayalam film, Asha Black and
6441-647: The Telugu film Gang Leader , the three were commercially successful. In July 1991, he acted in Archana IAS , co-starring Sithara and acted in the role of the father Vaidehi Kalyanam . At the end of 1991, he played a small role in the Telugu film Surya IPS , a negative role in Pavithran 's Vasanthakala Paravai and starred in a lead role in Senthinathan's Thangamana Thangachi . In 1992, he has acted in 10 films as protagonist and 2 films as antagonist including
6554-647: The Telugu film Stuartpuram Police Station , starring Chiranjeevi and Vijayashanti , Namma Ooru Mariamma , Vetri Padigal and Pudhu Manithan . He acted as a retired military officer in Chithirai Pookkal and played the second hero role in the blockbuster film Captain Prabhakaran . In May 1991, he appeared in lead roles in Senthilnathan's Kaaval Nilayam and K. S. Ravikumar 's rural drama film Cheran Pandiyan , and starred as Chiranjeevi's brother in
6667-542: The Telugu film Agreement , directed by Manivannan and P. C. Sreeram 's Meera . In the beginning of 1992, he acted in Senthilnathan's Ilavarasan , alongside Sukanya , Manivasagam 's Periya Gounder Ponnu and Sivantha Malar . In mid-1992, he worked in K. S. Ravikumar's Oor Mariyadhai , co-starring Sasikala and in Senthilnathan's Idhuthanda Sattam . He then starred in the action film Suriyan , directed by Pavithran and it became his first big break. The film won positive reviews and became highly successful at
6780-565: The action film Nethaji , alongside Lisa Ray ; the film was a failure at the box office. In 1997, he acted in Aravindhan , co-starring R. Parthiepan , Nagma and Urvashi . The film failed at the box office. His next venture Suryavamsam , directed by Vikraman and produced by R. B. Choudary was a blockbuster. He played a dual role in the film. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor in Tamil and Cinema Express Award for Best Actor for
6893-484: The alliance could muster only 9 seats compared to the 39 seats it swept in 1996. Even though DMK lost badly in many constituencies, Sarathkumar was defeated by the AIADMK candidate Kadambur R. Janarthanan by a margin of only 6904 votes. In July 2001, the party made him a Rajya Sabha member , but he resigned before the 2006 Assembly elections to join the AIADMK along with his wife Radhika . In October 2006, his wife Radhika
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#17328947890057006-442: The ancient language ( sankattamiḻ ), a modern literary and formal style ( centamiḻ ), and a modern colloquial form ( koṭuntamiḻ ). These styles shade into each other, forming a stylistic continuum. For example, it is possible to write centamiḻ with a vocabulary drawn from caṅkattamiḻ , or to use forms associated with one of the other variants while speaking koṭuntamiḻ . In modern times, centamiḻ
7119-435: The auditions in a newspaper. The story of the film was taken from one of Susi Ganeshan's novels titled Vakkappatta Bhoomi . Despite its launch in early 2000, the film went through production troubles and released nearly two years after the launch. A host of Prashanth starrers which were launched after Virumbugiren such as Star , Chocolate and Majunu were subsequently released earlier. Sneha, for whom Virumbugiren
7232-417: The banner of V.M. Creations. The event was compered by Uma Padmanabhan , while attendees included Kamal Haasan , Mani Ratnam and Prabhu Deva . Actor Vivek refused a role in the film citing that the script was so good that there was no need for a separate comedy track, while Prashanth underwent special training for his role as a fire fighter. Sneha applied for a role in the film after seeing advertisement for
7345-533: The bilingual Tamil/Telugu film Captain , directed by Kodi Ramakrishna . Aranmanai Kaavalan was released to positive reviews while Captain was released to largely negative reviews and failed at the box office. In mid-1994, he played three roles in Namma Annachi and in Manoj Kumar's masala film Raja Pandi , he played a cameo appearance, as himself in the comedy film Killadi Mappillai and he appeared in
7458-508: The box office. He then acted in S. A. Chandrasekhar 's Dosth . His next release was K. S. Ravikumar's family drama Samudhiram ; he acted alongside Murali and Manoj Bharathiraja . Despite negative reviews, the film was a commercial success. The next year, he appeared in Thenkasi Pattanam , alongside Napoleon and Samasthanam , alongside Malayalam actor Suresh Gopi , both were two hero-subjects. Sarathkumar's first 2003 release
7571-408: The box office. In 2008, his only release was the supernatural film Vaitheeswaran , which was released to negative reviews. In the start of 2009, he acted in the film 1977 , donning six different looks. The film, made with a whopping budget of 15 crores, was directed and produced by newcomer G. N. Dinesh Kumar. The film, which released to negative reviews, took an average opening and was declared
7684-581: The box office; he received a Cinema Express Award Best Actor Special Award for the role in which he shaved his head. Subsequently, Sarathkumar was catapulted to fame, his fan base was growing exponentially and he became selective in accepting new assignments. Soon, he was in competition with "Puratchi Kalaignar" Vijayakanth . In the end of 1992, he acted in the action film Thai Mozhi , co-starring Vijayakanth and Mohini , Ellaichami , Manoj Kumar's Samundi and Senthilnathan's Natchathira Nayagan , making their fifth and last collaboration. Thai Mozhi
7797-670: The culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India, but it has also been related to the Harappan civilization . Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BCE–700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). About of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. In 2004,
7910-936: The dialect of Madurai , and iṅkaṭe in some northern dialects. Even now, in the Coimbatore area, it is common to hear " akkaṭṭa " meaning "that place". Although Tamil dialects do not differ significantly in their vocabulary, there are a few exceptions. The dialects spoken in Sri Lanka retain many words and grammatical forms that are not in everyday use in India, and use many other words slightly differently. Tamil dialects include Central Tamil dialect , Kongu Tamil , Madras Bashai , Madurai Tamil , Nellai Tamil , Kumari Tamil in India ; Batticaloa Tamil dialect , Jaffna Tamil dialect , Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. Sankethi dialect in Karnataka has been heavily influenced by Kannada . The dialect of
8023-399: The differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic divergence of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. Additionally Kannada is also relatively close to the Tamil language and shares the format of the formal ancient Tamil language. While there are some variations from
8136-634: The district of Palakkad in Kerala has many Malayalam loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from Kanyakumari district is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. Hebbar and Mandyam dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil Vaishnavites who migrated to Karnataka in
8249-406: The film alongside Aanandham and Punnagai Desam , while Easwari Rao scooped the Best Supporting Actress award. In 2004, Susi Ganesan came together with Prashanth again for a project titled Sakkarai , though the film was shelved after a single schedule. Positive commentary about the lead pair also prompted Prashanth to sign Sneha to feature in his 2005 film Aayudham . The soundtrack of
8362-438: The film was composed by Deva and lyrics were written by Vairamuthu . Chennai Online wrote "This is a surefire winner for Deva. He is in his elements in this album and does what he knows best - composing down to earth 'gaana' songs and easy hummable tunes." Tamil language Sri Lanka Singapore Malaysia Canada and United States Tamil ( தமிழ் , Tamiḻ , pronounced [t̪amiɻ] )
8475-503: The first collaboration with Sarathkumar and director K. S. Ravikumar. He also acted in his first venture as a hero in Palaivana Paravaigal under Senthilnathan 's direction, who at that time gave consecutive hits. In 1991, he acted in twelve Tamil films and three Telugu films, mostly in supporting roles and four films in lead roles, but he continued to act in few films as a villain. In the start of 1991, he acted in negative roles in
8588-414: The framework of commercial cinema. [..] It is only towards the end that the director brings in some distraction in the form of a couple of dance numbers thrust forcibly into the narration". The film went on to gain success before release in 2001, by winning four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards including Best Film and Best Director for Susi Ganesan . Sneha also won the Best Actress award for her work in
8701-699: The hill country . Tamil or dialects of it were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century CE. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until the 12th century CE. Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar , Mysore , Mandya and Bengaluru . There are currently sizeable Tamil-speaking populations descended from colonial-era migrants in Malaysia , Singapore , Philippines , Mauritius , South Africa , Indonesia, Thailand, Burma , and Vietnam . Tamil
8814-675: The ideals of K. Kamaraj . He is the former Member of Legislative Assembly of Tenkasi constituency . He served as the president of the Nadigar Sangam from 2006 to 2015 for three consecutive terms. Sarathkumar was born on 14 July 1954 to Ramanathan and Pushpaleela, a Tamil family in New Delhi . His father Ramanathan worked at the All India Radio before joining the Press Information Bureau of India, while his mother Pushpaleela
8927-432: The introduction of new aspectual auxiliaries and more complex sentence structures, and with the emergence of a more rigid word order that resembles the syntactic argument structure of English. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam , thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon , published by
9040-456: The latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil employs agglutinative grammar, where suffixes are used to mark noun class , number , and case , verb tense and other grammatical categories. Tamil's standard metalinguistic terminology and scholarly vocabulary is itself Tamil, as opposed to the Sanskrit that is standard for most Indo-Aryan languages . Much of Tamil grammar
9153-573: The making for the last five years, Maanasthan was released to average reviews. His next venture Aai , in which he co-starred with Namitha and Vadivelu , an action masala film, directed by A. Venkatesh , was a decent hit. He was also introduced as a playback singer in Aai . In 2005, he starred in Hari 's Ayya , alongside newcomer Nayanthara . The film was released on the Pongal weekend to positive reviews and
9266-423: The name comes from tam-miḻ > tam-iḻ "self-speak", or "our own speech". Kamil Zvelebil suggests an etymology of tam-iḻ , with tam meaning "self" or "one's self", and " -iḻ " having the connotation of "unfolding sound". Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of tamiḻ < tam-iḻ < * tav-iḻ < * tak-iḻ , meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)". However, this
9379-448: The newly started Tamil newspaper Dinakaran , he started as a cycle boy distributing newspapers to shops and later graduated to become a reporter for the same newspaper. After successfully establishing the circulation, he moved on to Chennai. He shifted his energies towards running his own business, a travel agency in Chennai and meeting Kannadasan who elevated him to become a producer. He is fluent in all major South Indian languages and
9492-531: The old aspect and time markers. The Nannūl remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. Colloquial spoken Tamil, in contrast, shows a number of changes. The negative conjugation of verbs, for example, has fallen out of use in Modern Tamil – instead, negation is expressed either morphologically or syntactically. Modern spoken Tamil also shows
9605-609: The party for not abiding by the party rules and indulging in anti-party activities. In the 2016 Assembly elections , Sarath Kumar lost in Tiruchendur Constituency to DMK Candidate Anitha R. Radhakrishnan . In November 2017, Sarathkumar said in an interview for The Hindu : "For the last 10 years, I have been closely associated with AIADMK. In fact, I have even been identified as the party's propaganda secretary. Though I don't regret this identification, my party couldn't grow. Now, I want to focus on my party and be seen as
9718-509: The production delays. The film won critical acclaim upon release, with The Hindu describing it as a "welcome change". Sify .com praised the film labelling that "Prashanth is top class", "Sneha steals some of the scenes with a larkish spontaneity and vivacity", while that director Susi Ganesan who has written the story and screenplay has done a neat job." A critic from Nowrunning.com wrote that "Prashanth excels in his potrayal [ sic ] and Sneha's performance in her first official film
9831-657: The public was behind him, announced his decision to join hands with Rajinikanth , who supported the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) – Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) alliance. In 1996, Sarath Kumar entered politics, joining the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). In 1998, the DMK's leader Karunanidhi asked Sarathkumar to contest the Lok Sabha elections from Tirunelveli . In the election , DMK lost very badly and
9944-518: The second time with Kannadasan for the film Mr. Karthik , which flopped at the box office. Thereafter, he appeared in antagonist roles in Tamil films such as Pudhu Padagan , Velai Kidaichuduchu , Raja Kaiya Vacha , Enkitta Mothathe , Jagathalaprathapan and in Telugu films such as Vishnu , Magaadu and Balachandrudu . He acted in few Tamil films in supporting roles such as Salem Vishnu , Sirayil Sila Raagangal , Mounam Sammadham and Puriyaadha Pudhir . Puriyaadha Pudhir marked
10057-563: The second time. In the end of 1997, he acted in the Sundar C comedy film Janakiraman which was a commercial hit. The next year, he played in Moovendhar , directed by Suraj , Sundar C's assistant director. The film, released to negative reviews, failed at the box office. After Nattamai , he re-teamed with K. S. Ravikumar in Natpukkaga , the film was well received critically and turned out to be
10170-465: The standard characters, six characters taken from the Grantha script , which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, Prakrit , and other languages. The traditional system prescribed by classical grammars for writing loan-words, which involves respelling them in accordance with Tamil phonology, remains, but
10283-429: The state despite being in power for four decades". Just before 2011 Assembly elections , Sarathkumar joined the AIADMK alliance and his party was allotted two seats. His party contested as part of the AIADMK alliance and won in two assembly constituencies – Tenkasi and Nanguneri . Sarathkumar won from Tenkasi and Ernavur A. Narayanan won from Nanguneri . In January 2016, Ernavur A. Narayanan has been expelled from
10396-422: The village drama Veluchami , P. Vasu 's Coolie , Nadodi Mannan and the crime film Ragasiya Police . Veluchami opened to favourable reviews with K. Vijiyan of New Straits Times claiming that "Sarathkumar shows more maturity with his acting". The four films were commercial failures. In 1996, he acted in A. Venkatesh 's first film Mahaprabhu . The film turned out to be a hit. He then starred in
10509-517: The word for "here"— iṅku in Centamil (the classic variety)—has evolved into iṅkū in the Kongu dialect of Coimbatore , inga in the dialects of Thanjavur and Palakkad , and iṅkai in some dialects of Sri Lanka . Old Tamil's iṅkaṇ (where kaṇ means place) is the source of iṅkane in the dialect of Tirunelveli , Old Tamil iṅkiṭṭu is the source of iṅkuṭṭu in
10622-480: Was Arasu , directed by Suresh, and the film was successful at the box office. However, his second film Paarai , a remake of the Malayalam film Mahayanam , directed by K. S. Ravikumar was an average grosser. His third film was Diwan , directed by Suryaprakash, who previously directed the successful Maayi . His performance was praised by critics. In the start of 2004, he acted in the action films Chatrapathy and Gambeeram ; both were average grosser. In
10735-526: Was a Tamilian himself, in a joint sitting of both houses of the Indian Parliament on 6 June 2004. The socio-linguistic situation of Tamil is characterised by diglossia : there are two separate registers varying by socioeconomic status , a high register and a low one. Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example,
10848-419: Was a blockbuster, followed by the Telugu film Genius . The next year, he played the role of a police officer in the Kannada film Myna . His next venture was Chennaiyil Oru Naal , a remake of the Malayalam hit film Traffic and co-produced by his wife Radhika Sarathkumar, in which he played the role of a traffic police commissioner. The film became a critical and commercial success. He then appeared in
10961-548: Was a flop at the box office. In early 2010, he acted in his first Malayalam film The Metro as a solo hero, which bombed at the Kerala box office. He appeared in Christian Brothers , directed by Joshiy , starring alongside Mohanlal , Dileep , and Suresh Gopi . The film was a blockbuster. In mid-2011, Sarathkumar played the role of a transgender person in Raghava Lawrence 's Muni 2: Kanchana . The film became
11074-499: Was a hit at the box office and Kattabomman was labelled as a "disaster", but Malini Mannath of The New Indian Express stated that "Sarath seems to have improved on his expressions". His 1992 Telugu film Agreement was dubbed into Tamil as Idhayam Ullavan and fetched highly negative reviews upon release. Malini Mannath criticised his choice of scripts and films. In the start of 1994, he worked in Aranmanai Kaavalan and in
11187-523: Was a hit at the box office, and marked the A. Venkatesh and Sarathkumar combination's third hit in a row. In 2006, he directed and acted in his 100th film Thalaimagan , produced by his wife Radhika under the "Radaan Media works" banner. The film failed at the box office. The next year, he starred in Gautham Vasudev Menon 's Pachaikili Muthucharam , which released to positive reviews, but ended up as an average grosser. Sarathkumar signed up for
11300-816: Was a housewife. Sarathkumar is the youngest child in his family, he had two siblings; an elder brother, the late Sudarshan Ramanathan and an elder sister Mallika Kandaswamy. His mother Pushpaleela died on 26 October 2013. Sarathkumar started his schooling at the Raja Muthiah High School, after his family relocated from Delhi to Chennai . He then moved on to the Central School in the Indian Institute of Technology Madras , and finished at St. Patrick's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School . Being an avid sports enthusiast, he played football, cricket and hockey, representing his school and college teams. He also joined
11413-586: Was claimed to be dated to around 580 BCE. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are
11526-528: Was created by Lord Shiva . Murugan , revered as the Tamil God, along with sage Agastya , brought it to the people. Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language , which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BCE, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of
11639-597: Was dismissed from AIADMK for anti-party activities. He also quit AIADMK in November 2006, quoting that his role as president of the South Indian Artistes' Association needed "undivided attention". Sarathkumar launched his own political party the All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi on 31 August 2007. Sarathkumar said: "We are disillusioned by the Dravidian parties , which had done little to develop
11752-495: Was praised for his role. In the start of 1999, he acted in R. Chandra's Chinna Durai , co-starring with Roja . It was followed by Oruvan , the remake of the Telugu film Auto Driver , in which Sarathkumar paired with Pooja Batra and teamed up for the second time with the director Suresh Krissna. In the end of 1999, he acted in K. S. Ravikumar's Paattali . In 2000, he starred in Super Good Films, Maayi and made
11865-461: Was released on 29 January 2010, the film, directed by K. S. Ravikumar, became the tenth collaboration between the director and the actor. The film, facing serious piracy problems before its release, bombed ultimately at the box office. He then made a guest appearance in Madhumitha 's comedy film Kola Kolaya Mundhirika . In the end of 2010, he acted in the Malayalam film Oridathoru Postman , which
11978-903: Was released to mixed reviews and Samundi , despite unfavourable reviews, managed to run for more than 100 days. In the start of 1993, he acted in Aadhityan , co-starring Sukanya and Pandiarajan and in Dasarathan , produced by Mani Ratnam and S. Sriram. Aadhityan was released to negative reviews, while the much-hyped Dasarathan failed at the box office. In mid-1993, he starred in Suresh Krissna 's Vedan , co-starring Khushbu , in Munarivippu alongside Heera Rajagopal and in his fourth collaboration with director K. S. Ravikumar; Band Master , again with Heera Rajagopal and Ranjitha . Band Master released to negative reviews, whereas Munarivippu
12091-414: Was simultaneously released in Tamil as Nee Naan Nizhal . In 2015, he appeared in a Cameo appearance in I directed by S. Shankar , and his next Sandamarutham in dual roles, directed by A. Venkatesh while Sarathkumar wrote the story and the screenplay was by written crime novelist Rajeshkumar. Then he starred in the Telugu film Janda Pai Kapiraju . He interprets the role of Sikandar Lodi in
12204-443: Was successful at the box office. Sarathkumar's performance fetched very positive reviews with a reviewer citing: "another splendid performance from Sarathkumar". He appeared in guest appearances in the Telugu film Bunny and his wife's production Githan . The success of A. Venkatesh's Aai resulted in the film's team collaborating to make a film in a similar genre, Chanakya , which also featured Namitha and Vadivelu. The film
12317-504: Was the lingua franca for early maritime traders, with inscriptions found in places like Sri Lanka , Thailand , and Egypt . The language has a well-documented history with literary works like Sangam literature , consisting of over 2,000 poems. Tamil script evolved from Tamil Brahmi, and later, the vatteluttu script was used until the current script was standardized. The language has a distinct grammatical structure, with agglutinative morphology that allows for complex word formations. Tamil
12430-451: Was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb kil ( கில் ), meaning "to be possible" or "to befall". In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ ( ன் ). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – kiṉṟa ( கின்ற ) – which combined
12543-430: Was the first film she signed, was reported to be amongst the reasons for the delay after her popularity created problems in her call schedules. The producer of the film had to approach Vijayakanth , the president of the actor's association (Nadigar Sangam) and Sarath Kumar , also an office bearer, to intervene and resolve the dispute. Similarly Susi Ganesan also completed and released another film, Five Star , in between
12656-436: Was to feature to Murali in the lead role of a firefighter. In return for producing his first film, Shanti Thiagarajan requested Ganeshan to also work on another film starring her son Prashanth in the lead role and consequently, Ganeshan finalised a script titled Pepsi: Generation Next . In a turn of events, Prashanth replaced Murali in the director's first project, which was retitled as Virumbugiren in early 2000. The film
12769-511: Was well received critically. In the end of 1993, he acted in the thriller film Moondravadhu Kann , he teamed up with the Suriyan team (consisting of director Pavithran, cinematographer Ashok Kumar , comedian Goundamani , villain Babu Antony and the editor duo B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan ) for the second time in I Love India and worked in the comedy film Kattabomman . Moondravadhu Kann
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