Misplaced Pages

#742257

64-617: Virgilio Lobregat (23 May 1901 – 30 August 1944) was a Filipino sportsman best known as a football player. He played for Bohemian S.C. , Manila Nomads Sports Club and Casino Español de Manila . At international level he competed for the Philippines national football team at the Far Eastern Games . During World War II , he opposed and fought the Imperial Japanese Army as he joined a guerrilla led by Juan Miguel Elizalde . He

128-502: A guerrillera ( [geriˈʎeɾa] ) if female. Arthur Wellesley adopted the term "guerrilla" into English from Spanish usage in 1809, to refer to the individual fighters (e.g., "I have recommended to set the Guerrillas to work"), and also (as in Spanish) to denote a group or band of such fighters. However, in most languages guerrilla still denotes a specific style of warfare. The use of

192-597: A rebellion , in a violent conflict , in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military , police or rival insurgent forces. Although the term "guerrilla warfare" was coined in the context of the Peninsular War in the 19th century, the tactical methods of guerrilla warfare have long been in use. In the 6th century BC , Sun Tzu proposed the use of guerrilla-style tactics in The Art of War . The 3rd century BC Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus

256-586: A three-peat , as a club founded in the same year, Nomads SC was able to dethrone the mighty team and win the National Championship, becoming also the first to do so and the third ever Filipino club champion. Bohemian SC wasted no time in showing the newly champions and the other clubs which one ruled the national football scene, as the Bohemians regained the title in 1915 as well in 1916 and were reinforced by Paulino Alcántara who helped them, not only, win

320-421: A first team for the club in the next years as it intends to be, firstly, sustainable before launching themselves to the professional football world. The original and accurate social colours of Bohemian SC are still, to this day, yet to be known. However, it is known that the players' jerseys were characterized by a red diagonal stripe that crossed it, along with the acronym of the club (B.S.C.) written on it. Like

384-750: A member of the De La Salle Alumni Association in 1920 and served as its president from 1930 to 1932. He was awarded by the association in 1961 with the DLSAA Distinguished Lasallian Awardee and in 1993 he was inducted in the DLSAA Sports Hall of Fame. At some point in his life he would become the Vice President of the Elizalde Group of Companies, a post he would serve until his death. Lobregat, throughout his life,

448-503: A silver medal. Lobregat was an all-around athlete, aside from football, he also played basketball standing as a 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) center and played baseball as a home run batter. He was also a track and field athlete and competed as a long-distance runner and high jumper. He also won the pentathlon and decathlon events during the initial years of the Philippine Amateur Track and Field Federation. Lobregat became

512-511: A target and then disappeared into civilian crowds frustrated the British enemy. The best example of this occurred on Bloody Sunday (21 November 1920), when Collins's assassination unit, known as "The Squad" , wiped out a group of British intelligence agents ("the Cairo Gang ") early in the morning (14 were killed, six were wounded) – some regular officers were also killed in the purge. That afternoon,

576-560: A three-peat in 1917 but also complete a four-peat in 1918. In that year, a certain Virgilio Lobregat , who was still a teenager, was also present. Right after Alcántara left the club to return to play for the Culés , he took over and led Bohemian to a second three-peat to start the new decade, winning the title in 1920, 1921 and 1922. In those years the National Championship started to feature foreign clubs which were making it difficult for

640-576: Is also a type of irregular warfare : that is, it aims not simply to defeat an invading enemy, but to win popular support and political influence, to the enemy's cost. Accordingly, guerrilla strategy aims to magnify the impact of a small, mobile force on a larger, more cumbersome one. If successful, guerrillas weaken their enemy by attrition , eventually forcing them to withdraw. Tactically, guerrillas usually avoid confrontation with large units and formations of enemy troops but seek and attack small groups of enemy personnel and resources to gradually deplete

704-676: Is also credited with inventing many of the tactics of guerrilla warfare through what is today called the Fabian strategy , and in China Peng Yue is also often regarded as the inventor of guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla warfare has been used by various factions throughout history and is particularly associated with revolutionary movements and popular resistance against invading or occupying armies. Guerrilla tactics focus on avoiding head-on confrontations with enemy armies, typically due to inferior arms or forces, and instead engage in limited skirmishes with

SECTION 10

#1732863140743

768-405: Is known that the red stripe played an important role as it resembled and looked like a red sash , giving the Bohemians their nickname and making themselves known as The Red Sashed . Since the members ( Los Socios ) of the club were of Spanish origins and spoke the language, it was a possibility that they gave themselves the appellative of La Banda Roja or La Franja Roja , both a translation of

832-454: Is that vanguardism by cadres of small, fast-moving paramilitary groups can provide a focus for popular discontent against a sitting regime, and thereby lead a general insurrection . Although the original approach was to mobilize and launch attacks from rural areas, many foco ideas were adapted into urban guerrilla warfare movements. Guerrilla warfare is a type of asymmetric warfare : competition between opponents of unequal strength. It

896-645: The 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games for the "Campeonato del Carnaval" which the Bohemians were able to take home after winning the match with 3 goals scored to 1. The rivalry was mainly between the players of the Red Sashed and the Caroliners who represented respectively the Philippines (1913 to 1925) and China (1913 to 1934) in the Far Eastern Championship Games . It began in the first edition when

960-464: The 1915 , 1917 ( edition where the Philippines recorded its biggest victory, by margin, in an international football match which also became Japan's biggest defeat, finishing the game 2-15 ), 1919 , 1921 , 1923 and 1925 editions of the Far East Games but always coming up short in the decisive games against China and ending every edition with a silver medal. The Bohemian player with

1024-455: The Bohemians , also furthered by the fact that a lot of the veteran players stopped playing for the club as they got older. Filipino football saw different champions before Bohemian but, still led by Lobregat , it won its tenth Philippine National Championship in 1927. When all the club's best players, from Lobregat , Chacho López , Manolo Nieto , Loyzaga all to the Villareals, faded out it

1088-581: The Crossbarry Ambush in March 1921 are the most famous examples of Barry's flying columns causing large casualties to enemy forces. The Algerian Revolution of 1954 started with a handful of Algerian guerrillas. Primitively armed, the guerrillas fought the French for over eight years. This remains a prototype for modern insurgency and counterinsurgency, terrorism, torture, and asymmetric warfare prevalent throughout

1152-769: The Manila North Cemetery . According to his grave also at the same cemetery, Lobregat died on 30 August 1944. Lobregat, basketball player Jacinto Cruz and swimmer Teófilo Yldefonso were named the " Outstanding Athletes of Half-A-Century " by the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation . He was also named as the " Football Player of the Half Century " in the 1970s by the Philippine Football Association . A football field in Makati, where

1216-814: The Maratha Kingdom , pioneered the Shiva sutra or Ganimi Kava (Guerrilla Tactics) to defeat the many times larger and more powerful armies of the Mughal Empire . Kerala Varma (Pazhassi Raja) (1753–1805) used guerrilla techniques chiefly centred in mountain forests in the Cotiote War against the British East India Company in India between 1793 and 1806. Arthur Wellesley (in India 1797–1805) had commanded forces assigned to defeat Pazhassi's techniques but failed. It

1280-533: The PFF and one of the best Filipino football players of all time. He was given the recognition by the PFF with the title of " Football Player of the Half Century ". He was known for his striking ability and his great understanding of the game. Lobregat, still in his teenage years, became part of the Bohemian Sporting Club where he spent most of his football career at and was one of the most important component of

1344-777: The Rif War in 1920. For the first time in history, tunnel warfare was used alongside modern guerrilla tactics, which caused considerable damage to both the colonial armies in Morocco. In the early 20th century Michael Collins and Tom Barry both developed many tactical features of guerrilla warfare during the guerrilla phase of the 1919–1921 Irish War of Independence . Collins developed mainly urban guerrilla warfare tactics in Dublin City (the Irish capital). Operations in which small Irish Republican Army (IRA) units (3 to 6 guerrillas) quickly attacked

SECTION 20

#1732863140743

1408-920: The Royal Irish Constabulary force consisting of both regular RIC personnel and the Auxiliary Division took revenge, shooting into a crowd at a football match in Croke Park , killing fourteen civilians and injuring 60 others. In West County Cork , Tom Barry was the commander of the IRA West Cork brigade . Fighting in west Cork was rural, and the IRA fought in much larger units than their fellows in urban areas. These units, called " flying columns ", engaged British forces in large battles, usually for between 10 – 30 minutes. The Kilmichael Ambush in November 1920 and

1472-425: The diminutive evokes the differences in number, scale, and scope between the guerrilla army and the formal, professional army of the state. Prehistoric tribal warriors presumably employed guerrilla-style tactics against enemy tribes: Primitive (and guerrilla) warfare consists of war stripped to its essentials: the murder of enemies; the theft or destruction of their sustenance, wealth, and essential resources; and

1536-492: The first edition of the Far Eastern Championship Games was over, Bohemian SC played a match against South China AA, which represented China during the tournament, for the "Campeonato del Carnaval" and came out on top to win one of the first ever interclub football tournament in the Far East. Bohemian SC, as the football powerhouse of the country, continued to contribute the national team which were fielding its players also in

1600-407: The 1910’s to the late 1920’s and fielded some of the best players of the country, who were often chosen to represent the, then called, Philippine islands in the Far Eastern Championship Games . Among those players, there were Paulino Alcántara who played for the club from 1916 to 1918 and one of FC Barcelona 's legends where he played from 1912-27, as well as Virgilio Lobregat who was considered

1664-532: The 19th century: ...our troops should...fight while protected by the terrain...using small, mobile guerrilla units to exhaust the enemy...denying them rest so that they only control the terrain under their feet. More recently, Mao Zedong's On Guerrilla Warfare , Che Guevara 's Guerrilla Warfare , and Lenin's Guerrilla warfare , were all written after the successful revolutions carried out by them in China, Cuba and Russia, respectively. Those texts characterized

1728-635: The BSC academy in honor of Paulino Alcántara and the story of the club as a vehicle to draw in youth players to develop for the club. In 2018 the name, the crest of Bohemian SC resurfaced on the football pitch for the firsts times, after more than 80 years, through the youth academy teams, and it immediately saw an early success as, some of them were able to win the Aboitiz Cup and the Agila Cup in their respective categories. The group sent its men's amateur team to join

1792-682: The Bangladesh Forces, was the guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the Bangladesh Liberation War that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971. An earlier name Mukti Fauj was also used. The growth of guerrilla warfare was inspired in part by theoretical works on guerrilla warfare, starting with the Manual de Guerra de Guerrillas by Matías Ramón Mella written in

1856-511: The China representants accused the Philippine players of not being natives of the country and viewed them as a sign of oppression. So a fierce rivalry developed between the National teams and whenever the two sides played a game against each other violent instances occurred through the years. Notes: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Bohemian Sporting Club ruled Philippines football during

1920-479: The English version. The decline in popularity for football in the Philippines, made it so that a lot of informations about the historic club came to be very minimal and majority of its details went forgotten nor reported. Photographic materials about the club are also all in black and white. In 2018, since the colours were not known, the board of the revived Bohemian club, adopted what they assumed them to be, along with

1984-563: The Fabian choice. The Roman general Quintus Sertorius is also noted for his skillful use of guerrilla warfare during his revolt against the Roman Senate . In China, Han dynasty general Peng Yue is often regarded as the inventor of guerrilla warfare due to his use of irregular warfare in the Chu-Han contention to attack Chu convoys and supplies. In the medieval Roman Empire , guerrilla warfare

Virgilio Lobregat - Misplaced Pages Continue

2048-633: The Philippines’ best player next to the blaugrana great and a Filipino legendary figure himself. The club, alongside Sandow Athletic Club represented the Philippines in football at the 1913 Far East Games which was held in Manila and were able to win over China, giving the Philippines its only football gold medal in this tournament 's history. The gold medalist's team were formed by Bohemian's German Montserrat, L. Lara, Enrique Lopez, Jose Llamas, Jesús Cacho , Joaquín "Chacho" López and Manuel Nieto . After

2112-504: The amateur 7's Football League, a Metro Manila-based 7-a-side football league and debuted in the third season of the competition in 2019. Among the players of the Bohemian side there were some UFL and PFL players such as Izzeldin Elhabib , Hamed Hajimehdi and former Philippine national team player as well as chairman of the club Jason de Jong . The group has stated that it plans to organize

2176-424: The breakout and aftermath of the second World War, a group whose headed by chairman Jason de Jong formed, in 2017, a football school and an academy as a tribute to the legendary club. In 2018 the group launched on the field its football club, adopting the historical club's emblem to honor the success of its history . The new Bohemian Sporting Club's ownership group now operates in developing the youths by giving them

2240-429: The decades of the 1910s and 1920s, dominating the National scene. In football, regardless of winning or not, it is commonly known that rivalries between clubs are very significant and, no matter what, are destined to be formed. They are, for the most part, what mostly create a sense of passion, identity and loyalty towards the teams. The Red Sashed was no exempt from these and despite the fact they were constant winners of

2304-542: The defeat of their regular armies, the Spanish and Portuguese people successfully rose against the Napoleonic troops and defeated a highly superior army using the guerrilla strategy in combination with a scorched earth policy and people's war (see also attrition warfare against Napoleon ). In correct Spanish usage, a person who is a member of a guerrilla unit is a guerrillero ( [geriˈʎeɾo] ) if male, or

2368-536: The earliest to propose the use of guerrilla warfare. This inspired developments in modern guerrilla warfare. In the 3rd century BC, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus , used elements of guerrilla warfare, such as the evasion of battle, the attempt to wear down the enemy, to attack small detachments in an ambush and devised the Fabian strategy , which the Roman Republic used to great effect against Hannibal 's army, see also His Excellency : George Washington :

2432-603: The enemy retreats, we pursue." At least one author credits the ancient Chinese work The Art of War with inspiring Mao's tactics. In the 20th century, other communist leaders, including North Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh , often used and developed guerrilla warfare tactics, which provided a model for their use elsewhere, leading to the Cuban " foco " theory and the anti- Soviet Mujahadeen in Afghanistan . Guerrilla groups may use improvised explosive devices and logistical support by

2496-602: The future. The Normans often made many forays into Wales, where the Welsh used the mountainous region, which the Normans were unfamiliar with, to spring surprise attacks upon them. Since the Enlightenment , ideologies such as nationalism , liberalism , socialism , and religious fundamentalism have played an important role in shaping insurgencies and guerrilla warfare. In the 17th century, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , founder of

2560-437: The goal of exhausting adversaries and forcing them to withdraw (see also attrition warfare ). Organized guerrilla groups often depend on the support of either the local population or foreign backers who sympathize with the guerrilla group's efforts. The Spanish word guerrilla is the diminutive form of guerra ("war"); hence, "little war". The term became popular during the early-19th century Peninsular War , when, after

2624-524: The inducement in them of insecurity and terror. It conducts the basic business of war without recourse to ponderous formations or equipment, complicated maneuvers, strict chains of command, calculated strategies, timetables, or other civilized embellishments. Evidence of conventional warfare , on the other hand, did not emerge until 3100 BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu , in his The Art of War (6th century BC), became one of

Virgilio Lobregat - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-406: The jersey, the logo, which resembled the form of a shield, was crossed by a diagonal shape with the initials of the team's name. While it was possible that the tint was the same for the club's logo its colouring is not reported either as the only proof available is a century old postcard printed black on white, hence why the digital version of the club's logo was posted in monochrome . Nonetheless, it

2752-521: The latter of which had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence. The war resulted in the withdrawal of Spanish forces and the establishment of a second republic in the Dominican Republic. The Moroccan military leader Abd el-Krim ( c.  1883 – 1963) and his father unified the Moroccan tribes under their control and took up arms against the Spanish and French occupiers during

2816-501: The league, they were contested by Manila teams such as Sandow and Nomad, the other "English" teams who were challenging the Bohemians through the years with the Nomads who were able to dethrone them once in 1914 and were the first to do so. Above them, however, was the Manila derby against Aurora Athletic Club which was the team, among all, that was always the closest on the conquest of the title with Bohemian and their rivalry characterized

2880-593: The local population. The opposing army may come at last to suspect all civilians as potential guerrilla backers. The guerrillas might get political support from foreign backers and many guerrilla groups are adept at public persuasion through propaganda and use of force. Some guerrilla movements today also rely heavily on children as combatants, scouts, porters, spies, informants, and in other roles. Many governments and states also recruit children within their armed forces. No commonly accepted definition of "terrorism" has attained clear consensus. The term "terrorism"

2944-408: The monochrome crest while adding above it a star to symbolize the old club's storied achievement of winning ten Philippines National Championships. The club, in the various competitions of every category its teams joined, consequently utilized white for the home kit one and black for the away kit, while also combining the two colors. Bohemian was the strongest Filipino football team around in between

3008-678: The most appearances in this tournament was Joaquín "Chacho" López who participated in every edition starting from 1913 to 1925 , every single one while playing for the club. Note ^a  : The 2–3–5 formation was the standard by the 1890s up to the 1930s, it was popularized by the English and had spread all over the world. Guerrilla Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military , such as rebels, partisans , paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children , use ambushes , sabotage , terrorism , raids , petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in

3072-461: The opportunity to play in various tournaments, while the men's amateur senior team also participated in the 7s Football League in 2019 and 2020, a 7-a-side football league based in Manila. Established in 1910, it was, alongside the Manila Jockey Club (1900s), Manila Sporting Club (1906), Sandow Athletic Club (1906), Manila Nomads Sports Club (1914) and Aurora Athletic Club (1910s) one of

3136-468: The opposing force while minimizing their own losses. The guerrilla prizes mobility, secrecy, and surprise, organizing in small units and taking advantage of terrain that is difficult for larger units to use. For example, Mao Zedong summarized basic guerrilla tactics at the beginning of the Chinese Civil War as: "The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack;

3200-512: The people against their oppressors, and that he fights in order to change the social system that keeps all his unarmed brothers in ignominy and misery. In the 1960s, the Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara developed the foco (Spanish: foquismo ) theory of revolution in his book Guerrilla Warfare , based on his experiences during the 1959 Cuban Revolution . This theory was later formalized as "focal-ism" by Régis Debray . Its central principle

3264-409: The pioneers of football in the Philippines. After football was introduced in the Philippines by English sportsmen, right before the beginning of the 20th Century, football clubs started to be formed and the first few matches started to take place. The popularity of the game rose to the point that a National Football Championship, the first ever in the country, was organised in 1911. Bohemian SC became

SECTION 50

#1732863140743

3328-439: The second football club to be crowned as "Champion of the Philippines" in 1912 as the previous and first ever Filipino champion was All Manila . In 1913 Bohemian added to their tally a first "continental" success winning, by 3 goals to 1, the "Campeonato del Carnaval" against South China AA and successfully defended their Philippine title winning it back to back. The Bohemians , in 1914, failed to defend their crown and complete

3392-531: The sport in those decades. This specifical derby was also fueled by the rivalry by one of the captains and leaders of the Red Sashed Manuel "Manolo" Nieto and Aurora's forward Solano who was the only one who was able to drible past the greatest Filipino defender of the pre-war era. Another strong rivalry was with South China AA , yet, a game between Bohemian and the " Shaolin Temple " only happened right after

3456-462: The statue of Benigno Aquino Jr. is situated, was named after him and the Lobregat Cup, a football tournament held from the late 1940s to 1970s, was as well named in his honor. Bohemian S.C. Philippine national football team Bohemian S.C. After ceasing to exist by the 1930s, due to the socio-political shifts in the Philippines as a colony, then as an independent nation, followed by

3520-406: The tactic of guerrilla warfare as, according to Che Guevara 's text, being "used by the side which is supported by a majority but which possesses a much smaller number of arms for use in defense against oppression". Why does the guerrilla fighter fight? We must come to the inevitable conclusion that the guerrilla fighter is a social reformer, that he takes up arms responding to the angry protest of

3584-526: The team that dominated the late 1910s and 1920s. In his first years at the club he was able to distinguish himself from the others as an outstanding athlete, at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), playing as a forward and successfully filled in the role left by Alcántara after he left Bohemian. Lobregat helped the club win the National Open Championship five times in 1918 completing Bohemian's incredible four-peat (1915, 1916, 1917, 1918) and also led

3648-524: The team to another three-peat run in 1920, 1921 and 1922 before winning his last Championship title, the club's 10th, in 1927. After spending almost a decade as a Bohemian from 1918 to 1927, he then left to play for the Manila Nomads and later on for the Casino Español de Manila . Lobregat was also part of the Philippines national team at the 1919 and 1925 Far Eastern Games capturing, both times,

3712-550: The world today. In South Africa , African National Congress (ANC) members studied the Algerian War, prior to the release and apotheosis of Nelson Mandela ; in their intifada against Israel, Palestinian fighters have sought to emulate it. Additionally, the tactics of Al-Qaeda closely resemble those of the Algerians. The Mukti Bahini (Bengali: মুক্তিবাহিনী, translates as "freedom fighters", or liberation army), also known as

3776-406: Was already a phenomenal athlete succeeding in multiple sports and became the nucleus of the champion teams that La Salle turned out to be in that decade. He then graduated from La Salle high school in 1918. " Virgilio Lobregat. I consider him the best Filipino player during my time " Virgilio Lobregat is regarded as the best Filipino player in the pre-World War II period after Paulino Alcántara by

3840-653: Was executed in August 1944 along with Elizalde and 70 other prisoners at the Manila North Cemetery . Virgilio Lobregat was born in Murcia , Spain on 23 May 1901 but stayed there shortly as his family took him and moved to the Philippine Islands in 1904. Lobregat, after being settled in the country, attended the La Salle Nozaleda institute in second grade, in 1911. During his school years he demonstrated early signs that he

3904-565: Was frequently practiced between the eighth through tenth centuries along the eastern frontier with the Umayyad and then Abbasid caliphates. Tactics involved a heavy emphasis on reconnaissance and intelligence, shadowing the enemy, evacuating threatened population centres, and attacking when the enemy dispersed to raid. In the later tenth century this form of warfare was codified in a military manual known by its later Latin name as De velitatione bellica ('On Skirmishing') so it would not be forgotten in

SECTION 60

#1732863140743

3968-497: Was mostly known for his incredible athleticism while playing various sports but he also displayed true heroism and patriotism during the war . During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II he joined Juan Miguel Elizalde and his guerrilla and fought against the Japanese while also serving as a spy. He was caught and detained at Fort Santiago by the Japanese as a prisoner of war who, after, beheaded him in August 1944 along with Elizalde and 70 other prisoners at

4032-432: Was the longest war waged by East India Company during their military campaigns on the Indian subcontinent. It was one of the bloodiest and hardest wars waged by East India Company in India with Presidency army regiments that suffered losses as high as eighty percent in 10 years of warfare. The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain ,

4096-426: Was then that some new stars at the club of the likes of Paquito Gutierrez, Emilio Ugarte, Long Ortigas, Mendez, Alegre and others started to take over and defend the colours of the club. Former Philippine national team player Jason de Jong and his group began talks in 2017 regarding the possible revival of the Bohemian Sporting Club. The following year the ownership group established the Bohemian Football School and

#742257