The Villeta Group ( Spanish : Grupo Villeta ) is a geological group of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes , to the west of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense . The group, a sequence of shales , limestones and sandstones , is subdivided into various formations; Conejo , La Frontera , Simijaca , Hiló , Pacho , Chiquinquirá , Capotes , Socotá , El Peñón , and Trincheras , and dates to the Cretaceous period; Aptian - Coniacian epochs. The group stretches out across four departments , from Huila in the south, through Cundinamarca and Boyacá to southern Santander in the north. The upper part of the Villeta Group is time-equivalent with the La Luna Formation of the Middle Magdalena Valley (VMM) and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy , the Oliní and Güagüaquí Groups of the Guaduas - Vélez synclinal and the Chipaque Formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense . The lower part has been correlated with the Simití , Tablazo and Paja Formations of the VMM, the upper Tibasosa , Une and Fómeque Formations of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and the Capacho , Aguardiente , Tibú-Mercedes and upper Río Negro Formations of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
17-550: The group was first described by Alexander Von Humboldt around 1810 as the " Villeta Tonschiefer", German name for Villeta's clay slate. The group was subsequently published in 1892 by Hettner in his book Die Kordilleren von Bogotá and named after its type locality Villeta on the western flanks of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes . The sequence comprises an alternation of sandstones , shales and limestones and
34-689: A 14-page article she wrote on German geography. She then obtained a teaching position at the Beacon School in Hartford, Connecticut , a secondary school for young women where she taught geography. She was an expert in school geography, in both countries; she established herself alongside Semple in the Association of American Geographers , and the International Congress of Geography in Washington. At
51-457: A concept that influenced both Carl O. Sauer and Richard Hartshorne . Apart from the geography of Europe , his fieldwork concentrated mainly on that of Colombia , Chile and Russia . Alfred Hettner, who obtained his PhD from the University of Strasbourg , was also a pupil of Ferdinand von Richthofen and Friedrich Ratzel at Leipzig —where he obtained his habilitation . His book Europe
68-520: A doctorate in geography. According to Ginsburger, her doctorate was made possible by a favorable context and environment, at a time when women were not pursuing academic careers. Krug studied under Friedrich Ratzel at Leipzig University , a few years after Ellen Churchill Semple , the first known woman geography student in Germany. Krug met Alfred Hettner in Leipzig, who made her publish several articles on
85-487: Is a regional study of the economic factors driving the evolution of Hartford 's urban system as the preeminent center of the Connecticut River Valley . In 1911, she returned to Germany, and retired. Krug-Genthe had a short (a decade) but very visible career, at a very restrictive time for women. Ginsburger mentions that: "we don't know if she had to go abroad to follow her husband and promote his career to
102-536: Is the main field of geography. Hettner supervised, among others, the PhDs of Martha Krug-Genthe , Oskar Schmieder , Friedrich Metz [ de ] and Heinrich Schmitthenner [ de ] . In 1895, he founded the journal Geographische Zeitschrift , which he also edited for many years. He was a lecturer briefly at Tübingen (1894-1897) and Leipzig (1897-1899). In 1899, he joined University of Heidelberg as an associate professor. By 1906, he became
119-588: The Chiquinquirá Sandstone , and the Capotes , Socotá , El Peñón , and Trincheras Formations . The core extent of the group has been defined by Cáceres and Etayo in 1969, running from Apulo in the south to Muzo in the north. The Villeta Group has been deposited in a marine environment and the organic rich shales and pelagic limestones and cherts of the Villeta Group and equivalent units comprise 60-70% of
136-471: The 1904 International Geographical Congress in Washington, Martha Krug-Genthe was chosen to deliver the "Tribute", a speech commemorating Friedrich Ratzel , the most influential cultural geographer of that time. She also presented an article on “School geography in the United States” in the section devoted to geography and education, the only section open to women. She is one of the 48 founding members of
153-728: The AAG, the only woman alongside Ellen Churchill Semple , and also the only one of the 48 founders of the AAG present in Philadelphia to have a doctorate in geography. Martha Krug-Genthe was named associate editor of the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society . This affiliation strengthened her professional credentials. In 1907, the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society published her work Valley Towns of Connecticut . This
170-533: The Cretaceous record in the Eastern Ranges. They provide a good opportunity to study the interactions between tectonics eustatic sea level and sedimentation that regulate relative sea level in a basin. The formations of the Villeta Group are apart from its type locality near Villeta , found in other parts of the western flanks of the Eastern Ranges , stretching from Huila in the south to southern Santander in
187-494: The detriment of her own, or if she chose to give up a very hypothetical university post in Germany to invest herself in school geography which was the only option open to her, being little valued in Germany but booming in the United States. She found there an undeniable form of recognition, in an American field of study that was then much less prestigious than in Germany, but which valued the skills of this outsider and offered women
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#1733086270860204-478: The first Chair of Geography at Heidelberg. He held this office until his retirement in 1928. This biographical article about a geographer is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a German scientist is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Martha Krug-Genthe Martha Krug-Genthe (1871–1945) was a German geographer. She was the first woman to obtain
221-629: The lithologies and lateral facies variations are described in detail in the various formations comprising the group. Mineralizations of zinc , cadmium and molybdenum have been found in the Villeta Group. The Villeta Group overlies the La Naveta Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group . The age has been estimated to be Aptian - Coniacian and the unit is subdivided into the Conejo , La Frontera , Simijaca , Hiló , Pacho Formations ,
238-522: The north. Alfred Hettner Alfred Hettner (6 August 1859, in Dresden – 31 August 1941, in Heidelberg ) was a German geographer . His parents were art historian Hermann Theodor Hettner and Marie von Stockmar. His maternal grandfather was Christian Friedrich, Baron Stockmar . His half-brother was Otto Hettner . He is known for his concept of chorology , the study of places and regions,
255-729: The northeast, the North American current, in order to draw up a map of knowledge in the field of oceanography . In 1901, Krug joined her fiancée zoologist, Karl Wilhelm Genthe, in Boston when he secured an assistant professorship at Trinity College in Connecticut. Their marriage is recorded in 1901 at Richmond County (Staten Island), New York , stating that he was born in Leipzig and she in Chemnitz . In 1901, National Geographic magazine published
272-580: The teaching of geography in the German and American school systems, in the journal he founded in 1895, the Geographische Zeitschrift . She obtained a doctorate in geography, in 1901 in Heidelberg , under the supervision of Alfred Hettner . In her thesis, Martha Krug examined how hydrographic charts are used to map ocean currents . In particular, she analyzed the extension of the Gulf Stream to
289-432: Was published in 1907. According to him, geography is a chorological science or it is a study of regions. Hettner rejected the view that geography could be either general or regional. Geography, like other fields of learning, must deal in both unique things (regional geography) and with the universal (general geography), but the study of regions — especially in the form of his Länderkunde [ de ] approach —
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