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42-645: The Village Drama Society was founded in 1919 by Mary Kelly in the village of Kelly in Devon , England. Its purpose was to promote the production of plays in villages, develop the arts in country areas, encourage playwrighting and offer the opportunity for historical and literary study. Mary Kelly founded the Society after seeing how drama performed by the Kelly Players in the village of Kelly brought enjoyment to those who took part. The Society initially had its headquarters at

84-570: A Village Drama Section of the League, with Mary Kelly as its secretary. The League carried on the work begun by Mary Kelly who had done much to preserve dialect in Britain and ensure flourishing rural drama. The Society was run as a voluntary organisation, paid no salaries or rents in its first six years of operation and received money from donations and a grant from the Carnegie Trust for costuming. In 1928

126-619: A few characters; and full-length plays. Mary Kelly (playwright) Mary Kelly was born at Salcombe vicarage in Devon on 25 March 1888 to the Reverend Maitland Kelly and his second wife Elfreda Blanche Carey. She was educated at home by a governess and at school at The Halsteads in East Sheen , London. During World War 1 she worked as a cook in a VAD hospital in Exeter and as a clerk in

168-483: A genuine piece of community drama. After the formation of the Kelly Drama Society other Village Drama Societies started to form and Kelly was called upon to advise them. Using the church newspapers to advertise the Society she was overwhelmed with the response from all over the country. By her own admission she knew nothing of the theatre or of running an organisation. With the writer Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch as

210-519: A historical pageant in Selborne based on Gilbert White's Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne . It was performed in the grounds of White's old home, The Wakes. The pageant was staged at The Wakes again in 1938. Other pageants followed at Rillington (1927), Bradstone (1929), Launceston (1931), Bude, and Exeter Cathedral ('The Pitifull Queene', 1932). Her play The Mother was a described as "a sharply class-conscious two act drama that parallels

252-499: A leaflet on "Women and AIDS". The 2017 meeting passed a motion on microplastics pollution or " Plastic soup ", and in 2018 the WI agreed to "Make Time for Mental Health", "calling on members to take action to make it as acceptable to talk about mental health as it is about physical health". Every individual WI meets at least once a month. There is usually a speaker, demonstration or activity at every meeting for members to learn and develop

294-416: A range of different skills. Craft has always played an important role in the WI and thousands of members are involved in a range of different crafts. The Women's Institute is often associated with food, cooking and healthy eating, and food and cooking form an important part of the WI's history. Home-prepared foods continue to be a staple for the institute. Country Markets Limited is now independent of

336-424: A wide variety of costumes from nativity to Eastern and period costumes. Local dramatists were encouraged to write plays with the purpose of promoting the many characters, traditions, speech and dialects of Britain. A playwrighting competition was also instituted. In the ninth competition in 1932 there were four classes of plays: a one act "thriller" for men; a translation of a European language play; one act plays for

378-626: Is a community-based organization for women in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario , Canada , by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being the first speaker in 1897. It was based on the British concept of Women's Guilds, created by Rev Archibald Charteris in 1887 and originally confined to the Church of Scotland . From Canada

420-456: Is open to non-members as well as members. Courses offered at Denman include yoga, history of fashion and dance. The WI Cookery School at Denman offers a range of over 100 day schools, residential courses and family courses. The courses are tutored by specialists. In July 2020, the NFWI announced that Denman College would be closing permanently due to longstanding financial difficulties exacerbated by

462-719: Is the overall body of the WI in England, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, with headquarters in London. There is also an office in Cardiff, NFWI-Wales. WI Enterprises is the trading arm of the organisation and exists to raise funds and provide benefits for members. As of January 2019 there were approximately 220,000 members of 6,300 Women's Institutes in England, Wales and the islands, linked through

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504-556: The Associated Country Women of the World to other WIs worldwide. The WI is a women-only organisation, and has clarified in a 2017 statement Transgender WI membership that "Anyone who is living as a woman is welcome to join the WI and to participate in any WI activities in the same way as any other woman". Colonel Richard Stapleton-Cotton and his dog Tinker are the only two males ever to be accepted as fully paid-up WI members:

546-817: The British Drama League in 1932 the League maintained Kelly as secretary of its Village Drama Section. She also became drama advisor for the Devon County Committee for Drama and Director of Drama at the University College of the South West, Exeter for its rural extension scheme. Kelly wrote religious plays for the Kelly Drama Society, beginning with Joseph which was performed on Ascension Day in 1919. She continued to write plays for Ascension for about seven or eight years. The actors were able to maintain their Devon dialect. In 1926 she wrote and directed

588-634: The Covid-19 pandemic . The NFWI produces a membership magazine, WI Life . Published eight times a year, WI Life is delivered (as of 2017 ) to more than 220,000 WI members. During the 1920s, many WIs started choirs and NFWI set up a music committee. W.H. Leslie, an amateur musician from Llansantffraid, Shropshire, acted as an advisor, and held a one-day school for village conductors in London in early 1924. He asked his friend Sir Walford Davies to write an arrangement of Hubert Parry 's setting of " Jerusalem ", for WI choirs. This hymn, with its association with

630-585: The Equal Pay Act 1970 was passed. 1954's resolution to "‘preserve the countryside against desecration by litter" lead to the formation of the Keep Britain Tidy group, which became a registered charity in 1960. The WI discussed HIV/AIDS in 1986, agreeing "to inform the general public of the true facts concerning the disease AIDS" and subsequently working with the Terence Higgins Trust to produce

672-531: The Federated Women's Institutes of Canada (FWIC) is the national organisation, and provincial organisations including Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario . As of January 2019 there were 8,000 members in 672 branches across 10 provinces. The New Zealand Federation of Women's Institutes was founded in 1921 and was previously known as The Dominion Federation of Women's Institutes (from 1932), The Dominion Federation of Country Women's Institutes (from 1952) and

714-593: The First World War . Women's Institutes were formed in Scotland and Northern Ireland independently of those in England and Wales. The first Women's Rural Institute started in Scotland on 26 June 1917, and Madge Watt travelled up from London to speak to a meeting at Longniddry . After the end of the Great War, Watt returned to Canada where she continued as an activist for the interests of rural women . In 1930 she founded

756-580: The War Office . After the war she returned home to Kelly House. Theatrical performances were part of life at Kelly House and Kelly founded the Village Drama Society in January 1919 after seeing how much enjoyment the productions of the Kelly Players brought to those who took part; these productions included people from all parts of society regardless of their class or age, such as farm labourers. Kelly

798-498: The "WI Search for a Star" competition. It was released in 2010 as part of the album Voices of the W.I. Queen Elizabeth II was a member from 1943 until her death in 2022, and was President of Sandringham WI. Her mother Queen Elizabeth was also a member, as are Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh ; Queen Camilla ; and Anne, Princess Royal . Queen Elizabeth II attended the January meeting at Sandringham each year and in January 2019 referred to "common ground" and "never losing sight of

840-533: The "time line" on the official Scottish Women's Institutes website begins at Longniddry in 1917 with no mention of any Canadian roots. The first WI in Northern Ireland was formed at Garvagh , County Londonderry , in 1932 and the Federation of Women's Institutes of Northern Ireland was established in 1942. As of January 2019 there were about 5,000 members of 154 institutes grouped into 21 areas. In Canada

882-808: The Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW). After the end of the First World War, the Board of Agriculture withdrew its sponsorship, although the Development Commission financially supported the work of the forming of new WIs and gave core funding to the National Federation until it could become financially independent. By 1926 the Women's Institutes were fully independent and rapidly became an essential part of rural life. One of their features

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924-601: The Colonel, a "highly influential man locally", played a major part in setting up the first WI meeting in Anglesey in 1915. The WI campaigns on a wide range of issues affecting women, based on resolutions agreed at each year's national Annual Meeting. Its first resolution, passed in 1918, called for "sufficient supply of convenient and sanitary houses, being of vital importance to women in the country". In 1943 they called for "Equal Pay for Equal Work" and continued to argue for this until

966-513: The Government-sponsored Preservation Centres where volunteers canned or made jam of excess produce; all this produce was sent to depots to be added to the rations. Women's Institutes in England, Wales, Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man are affiliated with the National Federation of Women's Institutes. In Scotland and Northern Ireland there are similar organisations tied to the WI through the Associated Country Women of

1008-608: The Library of the London School of Economics. The WI's archives are open to the public. The Scottish Women's Institutes (SWI) was formed in 1917 as the Scottish Women's Rural Institutes, and was renamed in 2015. As of January 2019 it had approximately 15,300 members in 700 institutes grouped into 32 federations. In 2013 the Scottish Women's Rural Institutes website traced its history to Stoney Creek and 1897, but as of January 2019

1050-534: The New Zealand Federation of Country Women's Institutes (from 1982) before acquiring its current name in 2004. As of 2018 it had over 4,000 members in 245 Local WIs grouped into 38 District Federations. There are Women's Institutes in South Africa, some long-established: Eikenhof WI celebrated its 65th birthday in 2017 and Kloof its 80th in 2018. The Southern Rhodesia Federation of Women's Institutes

1092-460: The Society's first president Kelly set up a costume supply and plays for villages to use. With the Women's Institutes growing in importance in the post-war years, promoting education and greater social equality, Kelly used WI meetings to speak on and promote village drama. The Village Drama Society moved its headquarters from Kelly House to Camberwell in London in 1924. When the Society amalgamated with

1134-515: The WI but its markets were formerly known as "WI Markets" and it was previously part of the NFWI. In 1948, NFWI bought Marcham Park in Berkshire, England and converted it into a short-stay residential adult education college, named Denman College in honour of Lady Gertrude Denman . Now referred to as Denman, it has grown and developed over the years and is a well-appointed adult education centre attended by approximately 10,000 students each year. It

1176-526: The World : the Scottish Women's Rural Institutes and the Women's Institutes of Northern Ireland. Each individual WI is a separate charitable organisation, run by and for its own members with a constitution agreed at national level but the possibility of local bye-laws. WIs are grouped into Federations, roughly corresponding to counties or islands, which each have a local office and one or more paid staff. The National Federation of Women's Institutes ( NFWI )

1218-493: The advent of radio and cinema, better bus services, and awareness of health and housing. Kelly was also aware that during the war men had travelled and become acquainted with theatre companies such as Lena Ashwell's touring company. With her enthusiasm for rural drama she traced the origins, history and state of village and rural theatre and entertainment in Britain and Europe citing the Oberammergau Passion Play as

1260-553: The bigger picture" in a speech which was widely reported and interpreted as touching on the Brexit debate. The evening's guest speaker was Alexander Armstrong , host of TV show Pointless , and the Queen participated in a game of Pointless played at the meeting, on the winning side; Armstrong commented on her "deft, silky Pointless skills". The archives of the National Federation of Women's Institutes are held at The Women's Library at

1302-464: The committee appealed in The Times for capital to buy a suitable building for the Society and for subscriptions and donations. The Society fostered drama in several ways. It published lists of plays which it recommended for village productions; these included secular, religious and children's plays. Trainers were available to help villages who needed help to mount a production. A costume cupboard stocked

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1344-606: The death of a young child with the futile losses of war". When war broke out in 1939 Kelly moved to Exeter. In 1949 she emigrated to join a friend in South Africa where she did drama work with Europeans and Africans. She died on 5 November 1951 in Natal . Kelly is recognised as an important figure in the history of British amateur drama. Kelly received an OBE for her services to the British Drama League in 1949. Women%27s Institutes The Women's Institute ( WI )

1386-418: The family home, Kelly House , though by 1924 it had moved to London. Its first president was the writer and literary critic Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. He was succeeded by the playwright and poet Gordon Bottomley . By 1921 the Society had 40 branches in England and Wales. Kelly travelled the country promoting the Society to Women's Institutes . It continued to grow rapidly. In 1925 it had 146 branches and by

1428-513: The fight for women's suffrage , was considered appropriate for the emerging WI movement which was encouraging women to take their part in public life, and to improve the conditions of rural life. Leslie suggested that Walford Davies' special arrangement for choir and string orchestra should be performed at the Annual General Meeting of NFWI held in the Queen's Hall , London in 1924. He conducted

1470-545: The following year this had increased to 210 branches of which nine were county groups of Women's Institutes and thirteen were junior groups. In 1930 there were 400 branches with 150 affiliated to the British Drama League . In 1926, the Society ran a two week long summer school in Bath directed by the actress Gwen Lally . The programme included training in rehearsals, theatre production, playwrighting, lectures and performances. A second summer school in 1927, also directed by Gwen Lally,

1512-623: The groups flourish in their home province today. As of 2013, the Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario (FWIO) had more than 300 branches with more than 4,500 members. Madge Watt , a founder member of the first WI in British Columbia, organised the first WI meeting in the United Kingdom, which took place on 16 September 1915 at Llanfairpwll on Anglesey, Wales. The organisation had two aims: to revitalise rural communities and to encourage women to become more involved in producing food during

1554-637: The organization spread back to the motherland , throughout the British Empire and Commonwealth , and thence to other countries. Many WIs belong to the Associated Country Women of the World organization. The WI movement began at Stoney Creek, Ontario , Canada, in 1897 when Adelaide Hoodless addressed a meeting for the wives of members of the Farmers' Institute. WIs quickly spread throughout Ontario and Canada, with 130 branches launched by 1905 in Ontario alone, and

1596-402: The singing, bringing a choir from local WIs with him to lead. This was so successful that it continues to be sung at the opening of NFWI AGMs, and many WIs open meetings by singing "Jerusalem", although it has never been adopted as the WI's official anthem. As part of the 95th anniversary celebration, a "modern" version of "Jerusalem" was recorded by The Harmonies , selected from entrants from

1638-464: Was an independence from political parties or institutions, or church or chapel, which encouraged activism by non-establishment women, which helps to explain why the WI has been extremely reluctant to support anything that can be construed as war work, despite their wartime formation. During the Second World War , they limited their contribution to such activities as looking after evacuees, and running

1680-438: Was aware of the social changes occurring during the first decades of the twentieth century. In her book Village Theatre she charted the social change in villages as a result of mechanisation, the growth of materialism in the nineteenth century and from the war. These changes included the reduced power and wealth of the gentry, the waning of the influence of the church, the growth of the Women's Institutes (WI) improved education,

1722-413: Was founded in 1925 as a "European-based" organisation, and continued until at least 1985 as the National Federation of Women's Institutes of Zimbabwe. As of 28 February 2011, this article is derived in whole or in part from thewi.org.uk . The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL . All relevant terms must be followed. The original text

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1764-542: Was held at the New Earswick model garden village near York and productions of classical, Shakesperian and modern plays were mounted. Two summer schools were planned in 1928, the first in Cheltenham . In 1930 the Society visited the Oberammergau Passion Play instead of holding the annual summer school. In 1931 to 1932 the Society amalgamated with the British Drama League . The Society's activities were to be carried out by

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