Misplaced Pages

#508491

27-545: Palladio was involved with Villa Thiene in the 1540s, making it one of his earlier works. He appears to have adapted a design by Giulio Romano . The extent of Romano's involvement in the project is not clear, in any case he died in Mantua in 1546 while the villa was still under construction. One of the Thiene brothers, Adriano Thiene, had to flee Vicenza in 1547 and building work appears to have been put on hold at that time. A version of

54-524: The Palazzo Maccarani Stati (started 1522–23), was a considerable contrast, being a palazzo in the city centre, with shops on the ground floor, and a massive, imposing feel. The rustication and exaggerated size of keystones that were to be so prominent in his later buildings in Mantua, are already present on the ground floor, which dispenses with any classical order, but the two upper floors have increasingly shallow orders in pilasters, somewhat in

81-529: The Palladian motif for arches used in the design. He also helped rebuild the ducal palace in Mantua, reconstructed the cathedral, and designed the nearby Church of San Benedetto. Giulio sculpted the figure of Christ that is positioned above Castiglione's tomb in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, in Curtatone , near Mantua. Sections of Mantua that had been flood-prone were refurbished under Giulio's direction and

108-554: The classical orders is already in evidence; the Doric here has guttae , but no triglyphs , on its narrow entablature. The volutes of the Ionic capitals are repeated in the window surrounds between them: "The canonic orders here begin to be treated visually as independent from their structural purposes, and this liberation offered the architect new expressive possibilities." His last building in Rome,

135-556: The French court of Francis I . Giulio designed tapestries as well. It also is rumored that he contributed to a collection of drawings upon which a group entitled, I Modi , was engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi . All of those original drawings are said to have been destroyed because the content was no longer considered socially acceptable. Giulio Romano has the distinction of being the only Renaissance artist to be mentioned by William Shakespeare . In Act V, Scene II of The Winter's Tale ,

162-633: The Papal Army) in July 1521, and he fought against the French at Parma in 1521 and at Piacenza in 1522. Federico signed a marriage contract with the heir to the Marquisate of Monteferrat , Maria Palaeologina , with the aim of acquiring that land. In 1528, however, in exchange for two prisoners, Pope Clement VII voided the marriage contract. Federico then signed another marriage contract with Charles V's third cousin, Julia of Aragon. In lieu of this move, in 1530 he

189-487: The Renaissance, Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574), tells how Baldassare Castiglione was delegated by Gonzaga to procure Giulio to execute paintings as well as architectural and engineering projects for the duchy of Mantua . In late 1524, Giulio agreed to move to Mantua , where he remained for the rest of his life. In Mantua, rather than his given name, "Giulio Romano" was used to identify him by his geographical origin because he

216-449: The building by Giovanni de Mio , suggesting that it was decided at an early state that the building would not be purely utilitarian. The plan shows two courtyards which were never completed. Courtyards are rather unusual among Palladio's villas, but the architect also proposed courtyards for Villa Serego , another incomplete villa, where one of the courtyards was partially constructed. The front and rear facades have been modified since

243-399: The centre part are displeasing. These elements cannot be reconciled with Palladio's formal idiom. Giulio Romano Giulio Pippi ( c.  1499 – 1 November 1546), known as Giulio Romano and Jules Romain ( US : / ˌ dʒ uː l j oʊ r ə ˈ m ɑː n oʊ / JOOL -yoh rə- MAH -noh , Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo roˈmaːno] ; French : Jules Romain ),

270-847: The death of the last legitimate male heir of the Palaiologos family, Giovanni Giorgio (1533), the marquisate of Montferrat passed to the Gonzaga, who held it until the 18th century. Like his parents, he was a patron of the arts; he commissioned the Palazzo Te , designed and decorated by Giulio Romano , as his summer palace just outside Mantua. Romano spent 16 years as court artist under Federico's patronage. He also bought and commissioned several paintings from Titian , and had his portrait painted by both Titian and Raphael . Federico suffered long from syphilis , like his father. He died on 28 June 1540 at his villa at Marmirolo . His son Francesco briefly held

297-560: The duke's patronage and friendship never faltered. The studio he established in Mantua became a popular school of art. Giulio's annual income amounted to more than 1000 ducats. In Italian Renaissance tradition, many works by Giulio were only temporary. According to Vasari: When Charles V came to Mantua, Romano, by the duke's order, made many fine arches, scenes for comedies and other things, in which he had no peer, no one being like him for masquerades , and making curious costumes for jousts, feasts, tournaments, which excited great wonder in

SECTION 10

#1733085081509

324-461: The emperor and in all present. For the city of Mantua at various times he designed temples, chapels, houses, gardens, facades, and was so fond of decorating them that, by his industry, he rendered dry, healthy and pleasant places previously miry, full of stagnant water, and almost uninhabitable. He traveled to France in the first half of the sixteenth century and brought concepts of the Italian style to

351-503: The future Medici Pope Clement VII was given to Giulio on Raphael's death. It already shows his taste for playful surprises within the style of Renaissance classical architecture . Planned on a huge scale, it was incomplete by the Sack of Rome, and never finished. The Villa Lante al Gianicolo (1520–21) was a smaller suburban villa in Rome, with a famous view over the city. Romano made the whole building suggest lightness and elegance to exploit

378-560: The manner of the Villa Lante. His first building in Mantua has remained his most famous work in architecture. The Palazzo del Te was a pleasure palace outside the city that was begun around 1524 and completed a decade later. Here Giulio was able, because of the function of the building, to indulge to the full his playful inventiveness. [REDACTED] Media related to Giulio Romano at Wikimedia Commons Federico II of Gonzaga Federico II of Gonzaga (17 May 1500 – 28 August 1540)

405-616: The master and after the death of Raphael in 1520, he took a leading role in completing the Vatican commissions, designing the frescoes of the life of Constantine as well as completing Raphael's Coronation of the Virgin and the Transfiguration in the Vatican. In Rome, Giulio decorated the Villa Madama for Cardinal Giuliano de' Medici, afterward Clement VII . The crowded frescoes he designed lack

432-407: The ridge-top position and to overcome the rather small Roman footprint. The orders are delicate, with Tuscan or Doric columns and pilasters in pairs on the main floor, and extremely shallow Ionic pilasters above, whose presence is mainly conveyed by a different colour. Alternate loggia openings are heightened by arches above the entablature . Romano's willingness to play with the conventions of

459-426: The sixteenth century: the front facade is probably the closer to Palladio's intentions, although the brickword would originally have been rendered. The many holes were apparently done during wartime, to extract metal used within the villa's construction. The garden facade of Villa Thiene has been attributed to eighteenth-century architect Francesco Muttoni . Both the thermal window in the concluding gable and portals in

486-606: The stately and serene simplicity of his master. On Raphael's death, Michelangelo attempted to take over completion of the commission for the Raphael Rooms at the Vatican, but along with Perino del Vaga , Giulio was able to keep it, as they had the drawings for much of the uncompleted work that was being executed under the supervision of Raphael. From 1522 he was courted by Federico Gonzaga , ruler of Mantua , who wanted him as court artist, apparently especially attracted by his skill as an architect. The contemporaneous historian of

513-416: The statue of Queen Hermione that was described as coming to life during the play was identified by the bard as having been sculpted by "that rare Italian master, Julio Romano". He died in Mantua in 1546. According to Vasari, his best pupils were Giovanni dal Lione , Raffaellino dal Colle , Benedetto Pagni , Figurino da Faenza , Giovanni Battista Bertani and his brother Rinaldo, and Fermo Guisoni . On

540-465: The villa is illustrated and discussed in I quattro libri dell'architettura of 1570. As with a number of the villas described in Palladio's treatise, there are differences between what was published and what was actually built. Palladio's plan indicates that the present building was not intended for the mansion itself, but for one of the agricultural wings. However, there are sixteenth-century frescoes in

567-466: The whole, Giulio Romano was more influential as an architect than as a painter and his works had an enormous impact on Italian Mannerist architecture. He learned architecture the same way he learned painting, as an increasingly trusted assistant to Raphael, who was appointed the papal architect in 1514 and his early works are very much in Raphael's style. The project for the Villa Madama outside Rome, built by

SECTION 20

#1733085081509

594-448: Was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect . He was a pupil of Raphael , and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-century style known as Mannerism . Giulio's drawings have long been treasured by collectors; contemporary prints of them engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi were a significant contribution to the spread of sixteenth-century Italian style throughout Europe. Giulio Pippi

621-684: Was born in Rome and he began his career there as a young assistant to the leading painter and architect Raphael . He became an important member of Raphael's large team working on the frescos in the Raphael Rooms and Vatican loggias using designs by Raphael and, later painting a group of figures in the Fire in the Borgo fresco. He also collaborated on the decoration of the ceiling of the Villa Farnesina . Despite his relative youth, increasingly he became indispensable to

648-429: Was granted the ducal title, whereby their dynasty became Dukes of Mantua. However, when Boniface, Marquis of Montferrat , died from a fall from a horse on 25 March of that year, Federico paid 50,000 ducats to Charles in exchange for the annulment of the contract, and pushed the pope for the restoration of his earlier marriage agreement. When Maria also died, he was able to marry her sister Margaret on 3 October 1531. At

675-534: Was not a native artist. Mantua is where he executed his most well-known work, hence that name became associated with him thereafter. His move to Mantua meant he escaped the disaster of the Sack of Rome in 1527, which hugely disrupted artistic patronage in Rome and dispersed the remainder of Raphael's workshop. His masterpiece of architecture and fresco painting in Mantua is the suburban Palazzo Te , with its famous illusionistic frescos ( c.  1525 –1535) and his use of

702-558: Was the hostage of King Francis I of France , to ensure Gonzaga assistance in Italy. On 3 April 1519, Federico succeeded his father as Marquis of Mantua , initially under the regency of his mother and his uncles Sigismondo and Giovanni Gonzaga . He received the imperial investiture from emperor Charles V on 7 April 1521. Pope Leo X named him Captain General of the Church (commander in chief of

729-405: Was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua (first as Marquis , later as Duke ) from 1519 until his death. He was also Marquis of Montferrat from 1536. Federico was son of Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and Isabella d'Este . Due to the turbulent politics of the time, from the age of ten, he spent three years as a hostage in Rome under Pope Julius II . From 1515 to 1517, Federico

#508491