Misplaced Pages

#218781

42-588: The Viking Octantis is a Polar Class 6 purpose-built expedition ship completed in December 2021 for Viking Expeditions Cruises, a subdivision of Viking Cruises . The ship has a capacity of 378 passengers with 189 staterooms. Named after the Sigma Octantis , the south star, the ship's primary routes include Antarctica and the Great Lakes where the ship carries out scientific research during its cruises. The ship

84-514: A design ice load is calculated based on the dimensions, hull geometry, and ice class of the vessel. This ice load is then used to determine the scantlings and steel grades of structural elements such as shell plating and frames in each location. The design scenario used to determine the ice loads is a glancing collision with a floating ice floe. In addition to structural details, the Polar Class rules have requirements for machinery systems such as

126-481: A hull strengthened according to PC   4 requirements. However, the 228 metres (748 ft) long and 42 metres (138 ft) wide vessel does not feature an icebreaking hull and is designed to operate primarily in pre-broken ("managed") ice. The Canadian shipping company Fednav operates two PC   4 rated bulk carriers , 2014-built Nunavik and 2021-built Arvik I . The 28,000-tonne vessels are primarily used to transport nickel ore from Raglan Mine in

168-568: A single vessel was initially scheduled for delivery in 2017, the National Shipbuilding Strategy has since been revised to include two such icebreakers, the first of which is planned to enter service by December 2029. As of 2024 , no ships have been built, under construction or planned to PC   1, the highest ice class specified by the IACS. World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization ( WMO )

210-515: A straight bow , designed to reduce fuel consumption and improve stability. The ice-strengthened Polar Class 6 hull was built to ensure a safe voyage and state of the art U-tank stabilisers are intended to decrease rolling by up to 50% when the ship is stationary.   The Viking Octantis was primarily constructed at the Fincantieri Vard Tulcea shipyard in Romania , when it was towed to

252-538: Is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science , climatology , hydrology and geophysics . The WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization , a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873 as a forum for exchanging weather data and research. Proposals to reform the status and structure of

294-854: Is expected to enter service in 2027. The new Canadian Coast Guard Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPV) will be rated PC   4 Icebreaker(+). Sixteen vessels will be built by Seaspan in the 2020s and 2030s, and the first vessel is expected to enter service in 2028. The first PC   3 vessels were two heavy load carriers, Audax and Pugnax , built for the Netherlands-based ZPMC-Red Box Energy Services in 2016. The 206.3 metres (677 ft) long and 43 metres (141 ft) wide vessels, capable of breaking up to 1.5-metre (5 ft) ice independently, were built for year-round transportation of LNG liquefaction plant modules to Sabetta . Although usually referred to by their Russian Maritime Register of Shipping ice class Arc7 ,

336-728: Is held annually on 23 March. WMO states that "the International System of Units (SI) should be used as the system of units for the evaluation of meteorological elements included in reports for international exchange." The following units, which include units which are not SI units, are recommended by the WMO for meteorological observations: As of 2023, WMO Members include a total of 187 Member States and 6 Member Territories. Ten United Nations member states are not members of WMO: Equatorial Guinea , Grenada , Liechtenstein , Marshall Islands , Palau , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Vincent and

378-598: Is led by an Executive Council led by the President, currently Abdulla Al Mandous of UAE. The WMO was established by the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, signed 11 October 1947 and ratified on 23 March 1950. The Convention serves as the constituent treaty of the WMO, setting forth its purposes, governance, and general framework. The WMO hierarchy: The annually published WMO Statement on

420-544: Is the expedition cruise ship Le Commandant Charcot operated by the French company Compagnie du Ponant . The 270-passenger vessel, capable of breaking up to 2.5 metres (8 ft) thick multi-year ice and taking passengers to the North Pole , was delivered in 2021. The United States Coast Guard has ordered two out of three planned PC   2 rated heavy polar icebreakers referred to as Polar Security Cutters . Construction of

462-607: Is undergoing post-acceptance trials, and HMCS William Hall , HMCS Frédérick Rolette and HMCS Robert Hampton Gray are under construction. Two additional ships have been ordered for the Canadian Coast Guard . As of 2023 , four cruise ships have been built with PC   5 rating: National Geographic Endurance (delivered in 2020) and National Geographic Resolution (2021) for Lindblad Expeditions , and SH Minerva (2021) and SH Vega (2022) for Swan Hellenic . The 2012-built drillship Stena IceMAX has

SECTION 10

#1732875894219

504-624: The Argentine Navy intended to complement the country's existing icebreaker ARA Almirante Irízar in Antarctica is currently in design stage. The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) is in the process of acquiring a new PC   4 rated icebreaker for researching the Arctic region. The Swedish Maritime Administration is in the process of acquiring 2–3 new icebreakers rated PC   4 Icebreaker(+). The first icebreaker

546-704: The Caribbean Sea to New York City , where it was originally intended have the ship's official naming ceremony, but was postponed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine . The ship departed New York City to begin her maiden Great Lakes season, sailing out of such ports as Toronto , Thunder Bay , and Milwaukee . The Viking Octantis was also the first cruise ship to return to Atlantic Canadian ports in over two years since restrictions were put in place, with her first port of call in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island . The ship

588-610: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a joint creation of the WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about anthropogenic (man-made) climate change , and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change." The World Meteorological Day

630-618: The International Maritime Organization (IMO). The development of the Polar Class rules began in the 1990s with an international effort to harmonize the requirements for marine operations in the polar waters in order to protect life, property and the environment. The guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which were later incorporated in the Polar Code, made reference to

672-592: The Arctic or the Antarctic waters at any time of the year while the lower boundary was set to existing tonnage operating during the summer season, most of which followed the Baltic ice classes with some upgrades and additions. The lowest Polar Class (PC 7) was thus set to the similar level with the Finnish-Swedish ice class 1A. The definition of operational conditions for each Polar Class was intentionally left vague due to

714-464: The Baltic ice classes intended for operation only in first-year sea ice, even the lowest Polar Classes consider the possibility of encountering multi-year ice ("old ice inclusions"). In the Polar Class rules, the hull of the vessel is divided longitudinally into four regions: "bow", "bow intermediate", "midbody" and "stern". All longitudinal regions except the bow are further divided vertically into "bottom", "lower" and "icebelt" regions. For each region,

756-518: The Canadian Arctic. In 2015, the hull of the Finnish 1986-built icebreaker Otso was reinforced with additional steel to PC   4 level to allow the vessel to support seismic surveys in the Arctic during the summer months. The Finnish LNG-powered icebreaker Polaris , built in 2016, is rated PC   4 with an additional Lloyd's Register class notation "Icebreaker(+)". The latter part of

798-751: The Grenadines and San Marino . Cook Islands and Niue are WMO Members but non-members of the United Nations. Vatican City and State of Palestine and the states with limited recognition are not members of either organization. The six WMO Member Territories are the British Caribbean Territories (joint meteorological organization and membership), French Polynesia , Hong Kong , Macau , Curaçao and Sint Maarten (joint meteorological service and membership) and New Caledonia . ( List of all members with admission dates. ) Region I consists of

840-611: The IMO culminated in the World Meteorological Convention of 1947, which formally established the World Meteorological Organization. The Convention entered into force on 23 March 1950, and the following year the WMO began operations as an intergovernmental organization within the UN system . The WMO is made up of 193 countries and territories, and facilitates the "free and unrestricted" exchange of data, information, and research between

882-610: The Vard Søviknes shipyard in Søvik, Norway for interior outfitting and completion. The Viking Octantis is Viking Cruises' first expedition ship; they took delivery of the ship on December 22, 2021. The ship's maiden season was in Antarctica with the first passenger voyage in January 2022. Explorer Liv Arnesen was named the ships's godmother. After the Antarctic season the ship sailed north via

SECTION 20

#1732875894219

924-570: The WMO has a membership of 193 member states and territories. In keeping with its mandate to promote the standardization of meteorological observations, the WMO maintains numerous code forms for the representation and exchange of meteorological, oceanographical, and hydrological data. The traditional code forms, such as SYNOP , CLIMAT and TEMP , are character-based and their coding is position-based. Newer WMO code forms are designed for portability, extensibility and universality. These are BUFR , and, for gridded geo-positioned data, GRIB . In 2007,

966-443: The additional notation "Icebreaker" while Nuyina ' notation includes Lloyd's Register's "Icebreaker(+)" notation. The Finnish multipurpose icebreakers Fennica and Nordica , built in the early 1990s, were assigned PC   3 rating as part of the vessels' Polar Code certification in 2019. As of 2023 , there are no PC   3 rated vessels under construction. As of 2023 , the only PC   2 rated vessel in service

1008-464: The appropriate Polar Class to match the intended voyage or service of the vessel. Ships with sufficient power and strength to undertake "aggressive operations in ice-covered waters", such as escort and ice management operations, can be assigned an additional notation " Icebreaker ". The two lowest Polar Classes (PC 6 and PC 7) are roughly equivalent to the two highest Finnish-Swedish ice classes (1A Super and 1A, respectively). However, unlike

1050-498: The compliance with Unified Requirements for Polar Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). In May 1996, an "Ad-Hoc Group to establish Unified Requirements for Polar Ships (AHG/PSR)" was established with one working group concentrating on the structural requirements and another working on machinery-related issues. The first IACS Polar Class rules were published in 2007. Prior to

1092-672: The construction of the vessels due for delivery by the end of 2016 was later cancelled following Shell Oil 's decision to halt Arctic oil exploration. As of 2023 , three polar research vessels have been built with PC   3 rating: Kronprins Haakon for the Norwegian Polar Institute in 2018, Xue Long 2 for the Polar Research Institute of China in 2019, and Nuyina for the Australian Antarctic Division in 2021. Kronprins Haakon also has

1134-514: The development of the unified requirements, each classification society had their own set of ice class rules ranging from Baltic ice classes intended for operation in first-year ice to higher vessel categories, including icebreakers, intended for operations in polar waters. When developing the upper and lower boundaries for the Polar Classes, it was agreed that the highest Polar Class vessels (PC 1) should be capable of operating safely anywhere in

1176-474: The fifteen first-generation Yamalmax LNG carriers built in 2016–2019 as well as the arctic condensate tankers Boris Sokolov (built in 2018) and Yuriy Kuchiev (2019) serving the Yamal LNG project also have PC   3 rating from Bureau Veritas . In April 2015, it was reported that Edison Chouest would build two PC   3 anchor handling tug supply vessels (AHTS) for Alaskan operations. However,

1218-599: The first vessel, USCGC  Polar Sentinel , has been delayed by several years and now is not expected to be delivered to the U.S. Coast Guard until at least 2028. While the vessels these Polar Security Cutters are intended to replace, USCGC  Polar Star and USCGC  Polar Sea , are sometimes referred to as Polar-class icebreakers , these mid-1970s icebreakers do not carry a PC rating. The future Canadian Coast Guard polar icebreakers CCGS  Arpatuuq and CCGS  Imnaryuaq are designed to PC   2 rating with an additional notation "Icebreaker(+)". While

1260-400: The main propulsion, steering gear, and systems essential for the safety of the crew and survivability of the vessel. For example, propeller-ice interaction should be taken into account in the propeller design, cooling systems and sea water inlets should be designed to work also in ice-covered waters, and the ballast tanks should be provided with effective means of preventing freezing. Although

1302-522: The notation refers to additional structural strengthening based on analysis of the vessel's operational profile and potential ice loading scenarios. The interim icebreakers CCGS Captain Molly Kool , CCGS Jean Goodwill , and CCGS Vincent Massey , built in 2000–01 and acquired by the Canadian Coast Guard 2018, will be upgraded to PC   4 rating as part of the vessels' conversion to Canadian service. The new PC   4 polar logistics vessel of

Viking Octantis - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-900: The polar regions are built to PC   5 rating: the South African S. A. Agulhas II in 2012, the American Sikuliaq in 2014, and the British RRS Sir David Attenborough in 2020. In addition, a PC   5 Antarctic vessel Almirante Viel is under construction for the Chilean Navy as of 2023 . In 2012, the Royal Canadian Navy awarded a shipbuilding contract for the construction of six to eight Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS) rated at PC   5. As of 2023 , HMCS Harry DeWolf and HMCS Margaret Brooke have entered service, HMCS Max Bernays

1386-533: The requirements of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping , which maintains its own ice class rules parallel to the IACS Polar Class rules. Although numerous ships have been built to the two least hardened Polar Classes, PC   6 and PC   7, only a small number of ships have been assigned ice class PC   5 or higher. A number of research vessels intended for scientific missions in

1428-610: The respective meteorological and hydrological institutions of its members. It also collaborates with nongovernmental partners and other international organizations on matters related to environmental protection , climate change , resource management, and socioeconomic development . Headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland, the WMO is governed by the World Meteorological Congress, composed of member states, which meets every four years to set policies and priorities. The Congress

1470-424: The rules generally require the ships to have suitable hull form and sufficient propulsion power to operate independently and at continuous speed in ice conditions corresponding to their Polar Class, the ice-going capability requirements of the vessel are not clearly defined in terms of speed or ice thickness. In practice, this means that the Polar Class of the vessel may not reflect the actual icebreaking capability of

1512-569: The states of North America , Central America , and the Caribbean , including three European states with dependencies within the region. It has a total of 25 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The two member territories are: Non-members Region V consists of 23 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The Cook Islands and Niue (both are in free association with New Zealand) The member territories are: Non-members Region VI consists consist of all

1554-450: The states of Africa and a few former colonial powers. Region I has 57 member states and no member territories: Non-member Region II has 33 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The member territories are: Region III consists of the states of South America , including France as French Guiana is an overseas region of France. It has a total of 13 member states and no member territories: Region IV consists of

1596-490: The status of the World Climate provides details of global, regional and national temperatures and extreme weather events. It also provides information on long-term climate change indicators including atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, sea level rise, and sea ice extent. The year 2016 was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report. As of August 2023,

1638-455: The vessel. The IACS Polar Class rules apply for ships contracted for construction on or after 1 July 2007. This means that while vessels built prior to this date may have an equivalent or even higher level of ice strengthening, they are not officially assigned a Polar Class and may not in fact fulfill all the requirements in the unified requirements. In addition, particularly Russian ships and icebreakers are assigned ice classes only according to

1680-532: The wide variety of ship operations carried out in polar waters. The IACS has established seven different Polar Class notations, ranging from PC 1 (highest) to PC 7 (lowest), with each level corresponding to operational capability and strength of the vessel. The description of ice conditions where ships of each Polar Class are intended to operate are based on World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Sea Ice Nomenclature . These definitions are intended to guide owners, designers and administrations in selecting

1722-791: Was finally named on September 30, 2022 in Toronto, Canada , in a special virtual remote dual christening with her sister ship, Viking Polaris docked in Amsterdam. Liv Arnesen blessed the ship from the bow of the Viking Polaris in Amsterdam , while a crew member in Toronto released the bottle of champagne on the bow. Polar Class The IACS Polar Class rules should not be confused with International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) by

Viking Octantis - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-519: Was joined by an identical sister ship Viking Polaris in fall of 2022. A letter of intent was signed for two new expedition vessels for Viking Cruises in April 2018. The ship was designed by SMC Design of London and the interiors by Richard Riviere of the interior design firm Rottet Studio of Los Angeles . The ship dimensions were specifically designed to fit through the Welland Canal . The ship has

#218781