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34-609: Annual award in Anthropology The Viking Fund Medal is an annual award given out by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research for distinguishing research or publication in the field of Anthropology . From 1946 to 1961, nominees were selected by their respective societies: The American Anthropological Association , the Society for American Archaeology , and

68-658: A brief romance at sea, they traveled to London, where they married on 14 December 1909 before traveling on to Berlin where she would complete her studies. Wenner-Gren died of cancer while staying at the Red Cross Hospital in Stockholm. Wenner-Gren also founded and endowed The Viking Fund in 1941, an organization supporting anthropological research. In 1941, the endowment funded the Wenner-Gren Aeronautical Research Laboratory, now called

102-437: A collection of jewelry excavated from a burial ground. After obtaining permission from the government and the landowner, the museum excavated the burial grounds during the dry seasons from 1930 to 1933. In 1943 through a publication of American Antiquity by Doris Stone , Lothrop first encountered the mysterious stone spheres. In 1948 he and his wife met up with Doris Stone and she collaborated with them, setting them up with

136-473: A cultural practice and continuity over an extended period of time. His conclusions were based on analyzing the pottery types. Lothrop continued to be a contributor to the field up until his death in 1965. Late in life he wrote a book titled The Treasures of Ancient America: The Arts of the Pre-Columbian Civilizations from Mexico to Peru (1964), Editions d'Art Albert Skira , Geneva, 230 pp. As

170-573: A descendant of his namesake, prominent Unitarian minister Samuel Kirkland Lothrop . He was born in Milton, Massachusetts on July 6, 1892, to William and Alice Lothrop. His childhood was split between Massachusetts and Puerto Rico . Lothrop's interest in Latin America may have been sparked in his childhood as a result of his having spent time in Puerto Rico, where his father was a banker with interests in

204-564: A farm and exported timber to England, which made the family wealthy. Having spent his school years in Uddevalla, Wenner-Gren moved to Gothenburg where he was employed for five years in the spice importing company of a maternal uncle. During this time, he learned English , French , and German at the local Berlitz school , and music at the local YMCA . In 1902, at the age of 21, he left Sweden to further his studies in Germany. He first studied in

238-570: A fortune from his early insight that the industrial vacuum cleaner could be adapted for domestic use. Soon after the First World War he persuaded the Swedish lighting company (called Lux at the time, but with his suggestion to rename it to Electrolux ) for which he then worked (securing the contract to floodlight the opening ceremony of the Panama Canal , among other successes), to buy the patent to

272-406: A home vacuum cleaner. He asked that instead of compensating him in cash, he would receive company stock based on the sales of the vacuum cleaner. The Electrolux cleaner was so successful that by the early 1930s, Wenner-Gren had become the majority owner of Electrolux, and the firm was a leading brand in both vacuum cleaner and refrigerator technology. Wenner-Gren also diversified his interests into

306-488: A place to excavate. The stone spheres are a topic of discussion, concerning how these objects were formed and by whom. Lothrop's research resulted in the theory that the balls were placed in alignments significant astronomically. During his research Lothrop recorded 186 balls as reported in his 1963 publication, Archaeology of the Diquís Delta . Lothrop determined that the spheres were formed over many centuries, suggesting

340-521: A railway north from Prince George into the untapped Peace River , Rocky Mountain Trench and eventually Alaska . Parts of the railway were built by the Pacific Great Eastern Railway after Wenner-Gren's death, including the needless Fort Nelson branch, yet the meeting produced outcomes lasting to this day. The interest in the north spurred a spate of mega-industrial projects in the region:

374-482: A research associate of the Peabody Museum, excavating various areas and studying collections. His travels and excavations were interrupted by the eruption of World War I , where he served in military intelligence . After the war, he returned to his graduate work, eventually earning his Ph.D. with a doctoral dissertation, a version of which was published in 1926 as Pottery of Costa Rica and Nicaragua . Lothrop

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408-565: A result of his numerous publications and contributions to the field he was the recipient of numerous honors, medals, and awards. Lothrop was cited by the American Society for American Archaeology in 1960. He also received the Loubat Prize awarded by Columbia University. The Alfred Kidder Vincent Medal given by the Society of American Archaeology. The Royal Anthropological Institute awarded Lothrop

442-528: The American Association of Physical Anthropologists , respectively for the fields of General Anthropology , Archaeology , and Physical Anthropology . In 1961, the selection procedure was modified for international nominees selection to increase the number of qualified applicants; the Viking Fund Medal has no longer been awarded annually, due to the embezzlement SEK 40,000,000 from the foundation by

476-528: The Bennett Dam flooding vast valleys, gas pipelines and plants at Taylor, coal mines and pulp mills. In late 1909, while returning from a trip to America on board a trans-Atlantic liner, he met Marguerite Gauntier Liggett who had been born on 15 October 1891 in Kansas City, Missouri . She was traveling with her sister, actress Gene Gauntier , to Europe to complete her musical training as an opera singer. After

510-590: The Weizmann Institute in Israel. In exchange, Wenner-Gren received several honorary titles. Among Wenner-Gren's other interests were monorail train systems. His company, ALWEG , built the original Disneyland Monorail System in 1959 and the Seattle Center Monorail in 1962. Wenner-Gren continued his fascination with speculative railway projects, as he collaborated with Canadian W.A.C. Bennett to build

544-516: The Wenner-Gren Laboratory at the University of Kentucky . The lab has since changed its focus to Biomedical Engineering . The Viking fund was later renamed the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research . (On pp. 21–22, points to Leifland 1989 as conclusive evidence that Wenner-Gren's blacklisting was a miscarriage of justice). Samuel Kirkland Lothrop Lothrop was

578-538: The sugarcane industry. Lothrop began his education at Groton School , a private boarding school in Massachusetts. He entered Harvard University in 1911, where he completed his undergraduate studies in 1915. In 1914 he married Rachel Warren, daughter of Fiske and Gretchen Osgood Warren . After completing his undergraduate studies he began graduate school at Harvard, focusing on anthropology and archaeology. He traveled extensively throughout Central America as

612-623: The 1924 publishing of the monograph of his mapping of the Mayan Ruin of Tulum . From 1924 until the end of the stock market crash in 1929 Samuel Kirkland Lothrop was employed by the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. It was during 1929 also that he married his second wife, Eleanor Bachman of Philadelphia . His work while he was on staff at the museum was also focused on Latin America and it

646-774: The Allied Navies at the site of the sinking of the liner SS  Athenia on the first day of the war. Wenner-Gren's yacht Southern Cross rescued over three hundred survivors of the sinking and transferred some to nearby Allied ships and others continued to the U.S. In the 1950s, Wenner-Gren also got involved in the early computer business. For a railroad project connecting California with Alaska , he got in touch with Glenn Hagen , previously an engineer with Northrop Aircraft , who had founded Logistics Research in Redondo Beach outside Los Angeles, developing computers based on magnetic drum memory . In November 1952, Wenner-Gren helped

680-739: The Bahamas was used to fund the Nazis and his friendship with Göring as potential proof of his private support for the Nazis. A disconsolate Wenner-Gren retired to his estate in The Bahamas , in Hog Island (now Paradise Island ), where he resumed his friendship with the islands' governor , the Duke of Windsor , and former King of the United Kingdom , Edward VIII . Early in the war his rumored friendship with Göring and

714-661: The German sympathies of the Duke led first the Americans and, following their lead, the British, to place him on an economic blacklist , enabling them to freeze his assets in Nassau . There proved to be little or no foundation to their suspicions that Wenner-Gren was a Nazi agent, notwithstanding the appearance of his steam yacht Southern Cross (the world's largest at the time) along with ships from

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748-546: The company to incorporate. He soon controlled the company and renamed it ALWAC (the Axel L. Wenner-Gren Automatic Computer). ALWAC I was used in 1953, ALWAC II and ALWAC III in 1954, ALWAC III-E in 1955. In 1956 and 1957, the model ALWAC III-E was considered a competitor to the IBM 650 , having fewer parts and good economy, but no more than 30 units seem to have been delivered. Soon after this, magnetic drum machines were made obsolete by

782-642: The introduction of the magnetic core memory . By 1956 the number of employees tripled to over 300 and the company was relocated to an industrial park in Hawthorne, California . The appearance of the transistor in the electronics industry in 1957 was a financial shock for all vacuum tube computer makers and by 1958 ALWAC in Hawthorne closed and its employees, with the help of Wenner-Gren himself, were successfully hired by Litton Industries and Autonetics and several smaller electronics companies. The follow-up ALWAC 800

816-852: The original on April 26, 2014 . Retrieved April 25, 2014 . ^ Wood, Bernard (2013). "22 V.". Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia Of Human Evolution . Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN   978-1-4443-4247-5 . ^ "RESEARCH GROUP IN ARCHEOMETRY FORMED AT UTAH" . Anthropology News . 13 (6): 6. 1972. doi : 10.1111/an.1972.13.6.6.3 . ISSN   1541-6151 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viking_Fund_Medal&oldid=1147368995 " Categories : Anthropology awards Archaeology awards Awards established in 1946 Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren (5 June 1881 – 24 November 1961)

850-476: The ownership of newspapers, banks and arms manufacturers, and acquired many of the holdings of the disgraced safety-match tycoon Ivar Kreuger . In Mexico in the 1930s, he was in economic alliance with Maximino Ávila Camacho , strongman of the Mexican state of Puebla, whose brother Manuel Ávila Camacho became President of Mexico in 1940. Wenner-Gren was reported to be a friend of Hermann Göring , whose first wife

884-557: The same year. While in Vienna in 1908 he saw the Santo vacuum cleaner in the shop of Gustaf Paalen who had exclusive rights to distribute them throughout Europe. After initially failing to become a European distributor for the Santo vacuum cleaner in his own right, he entered into a partnership with Paalen, purchasing a twenty percent interest in the company. Earlier in his life he notably collaborated with Fredrik Ljungström . Wenner-Gren amassed

918-1965: The trustee, Birger Strid , who was convicted of financial irregularities in 1975, with many years between awards. Year General Anthropology Archaeology Physical Anthropology 1946 Alfred Kroeber Alfred Kidder Franz Weidenreich 1947 Robert Lowie John Brew Earnest Hooton 1948 John Swanton Alex Krieger Adolph Schultz 1949 George Murdock Hallam Movius William Gregory 1950 Clyde Kluckhohn Emil Haury Wilton Krogman 1951 Ralph Linton Frank H. H. Roberts Carleton Coon 1952 Julian Steward Alfonso Caso William Straus 1953 Melville Herskovits Gordon Willey T. Dale Stewart 1954 Robert Redfield Wm. Duncan Strong William Howells 1955 A.I. Hallowell J. Eric Thompson W.E. LeGros Clark 1956 Fred Eggan Junius Bird Mildred Trotter 1957 Margaret Mead James Griffin Raymond Dart 1958 Raymond Firth Jesse D. Jennings Henri Vallois 1959 Leslie White Irving Rouse William Greulich 1960 Leslie Spier S.K. Lothrop Sherwood Washburn Year Recipients 1961 E. E. Evans-Pritchard Robert Heine-Geldern Louis S.B. Leakey Sol Tax 1966 Claude Lévi-Strauss 1972 Grahame Clark award suspended 1972-2003 (funds embezzled from foundation) 2003 Marilyn Strathern 2004 Jane H. Hill 2005 George Armelagos See also [ edit ] List of anthropology awards List of archaeology awards References [ edit ] ^ "Viking Fund Medal" . wennergren.org . Retrieved October 20, 2015 . ^ "ZSU Anthropology" . Archived from

952-656: The university town of Greifswald , where he took some summer courses before moving on to Berlin, where he studied at the Berliner Handelsakademie, from which he graduated early. After some difficulty, he found work with the German subsidiary of Alfa Laval Separator where he developed skills as a salesman, before quitting in 1904 to work selling agricultural machinery near Stuttgart which, with financial support from his father, had become his first financial enterprise. In 1908, he traveled to America where he learned about engines for agricultural use, returning to Europe

986-485: Was a Swedish entrepreneur and one of the wealthiest men in the world during the 1930s. He was born on 5 June 1881 in Uddevalla , a town on the west coast of Sweden. He was the fourth of six children (four girls and two boys) born to Leonard and the much younger Alice Wenner-Gren (née Albin); only three of the children survived to adulthood: Axel, his oldest sister (Anna), and his younger brother (Hugo). His father owned

1020-460: Was a Swede, and in the late 1930s convinced himself that he could avert the coming world war by acting as a conduit between Göring and the British and American governments. His efforts proved unsuccessful, with all parties regarding him as a self-promoting nuisance without much influence on the plans of the Nazi regime. However, others are suspicious of his role in the war, citing how (his) original Bank of

1054-524: Was a failed design that never went beyond prototype, using not only core memory but also magnetic logic (a combination of semiconductor diodes and magnetic cores, cf. Hewitt Crane ), and presold contracts nearly ruined the company. Development was transferred to Sweden in 1958. The next model, named Wegematic 1000, a slight upgrade of the III-E, was shipped in 1960. Only a dozen were delivered and half of them were give-aways to universities, including one unit for

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1088-645: Was during this time that he established a relationship with Fernando Marquez Miranda. It was through this relationship that Lothrop was one of the few foreigners allowed to conduct excavations in Argentine Territory. In the 1930s after the closing of the museum, Lothrop returned to the Peabody Museum staff as field director of the Sitio Conte in Central Panama. Before he returned, the Peabody museum had purchased

1122-555: Was engaged in espionage for the U.S. prior to and during World War I and for the Office of Strategic Services prior to and during World War II . Using anthropologists for gathering intelligence was a common practice of the time. Given their ability to observe cultural practices as well as those useful to strategies of war, not to mention the fact that they could use their careers as a cover for their intelligence gathering, anthropologists are ideal choices for spies. During World War II, he

1156-519: Was not excavating once again, because of the time spent working for the military. His position in the military did however give him the opportunity to travel while compositing notes on various sites. After completing his doctorate studies, Lothrop worked field excavations in the Yucatan and Guatemala under the employment of the Carnegie Institution's Historical Division. His research resulted in

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