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25-597: In 1875, the Viejas Band shared the Capitan Grande Reservation along with the Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians , which consisted of lands in and around the present day El Capitan Reservoir . El Capitan Reservoir, forcibly purchased from the two tribes to provide water for San Diego , submerged what habitable land existed on the reservation. The two tribes jointly control this reservation. It

50-614: Is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Cuyamaca Mountains of San Diego County, California . Alpine had a population of 14,696 at the 2020 census, up from 14,236 at the 2010 census. The town is largely surrounded by the Cleveland National Forest and borders two reservations of the Kumeyaay Nation , Viejas and Sycuan , and the rural unincorporated areas around the city of El Cajon . Before its modern settlement,

75-458: Is headquartered in Alpine, California . They are governed by a democratically elected, seven-person tribal council, who serve two-year terms. Their current administration as of March 2021 is as follows: The tribe owns and operates Viejas Casino , Grove Steakhouse, Far East Winds, Mezz Deli, Daisy's Cafe, Harvest Buffet, V Lounge, DreamCatcher Lounge, and the 57-store Viejas Outlet Center. They also own

100-497: Is not precisely defined since it is an unincorporated area . According to the United States Geological Survey , it is at 32°50′6″N 116°45′59″W  /  32.83500°N 116.76639°W  / 32.83500; -116.76639 (32.8350521, -116.7664109), which is near the intersection of Alpine Boulevard and Tavern Road. That is approximately where most maps place Alpine. Kumeyaay tribes are indigenous to

125-554: Is undeveloped but serves as an ecological preserve. The Viejas Reservation ( 32°51′01″N 116°41′33″W  /  32.85028°N 116.69250°W  / 32.85028; -116.69250 ), also known as the Baron Long Reservation , is a federal Indian reservation located in San Diego County, California , in the Cuyamaca Mountains near Alpine . After the band was displaced from Capitan Grande, this new reservation

150-464: Is uninhabited and is 15,753 acres (63.75 km ) large, located in the Cuyamaca Mountains and middle of the Cleveland National Forest and west of Cuyamaca Peak . The closest town is Alpine, California . The reservation was created by President Ulysses S. Grant , via executive order in 1875 for local Kumeyaay people. Its name comes from the Spanish Coapan , which was what the area west of

175-463: The 2010 census Alpine had a population of 14,236. The population density was 531.5 inhabitants per square mile (205.2/km ). The racial makeup of Alpine was 12,424 (87.3%) White, 167 (1.2%) African American, 222 (1.6%) Native American, 319 (2.2%) Asian, 39 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 576 (4.0%) from other races, and 489 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,081 persons (14.6%). The census reported that 14,098 people (99.0% of

200-795: The Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin , the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin , and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians of California to create Four Fires, LLC, an economic development group. A similar project, Three Fires, LCC is shared between Viejas, and the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. The tribe paid San Diego State University $ 6 million for naming rights to Viejas Arena . Two major annual ceremonies on

225-518: The San Diego River was called in the 19th century. The dry, mountainous and chaparral lands proved inhospitable. In 1931, the state flooded the heart of the reservation, creating the El Capitan Reservoir . Many Kumeyaay families had homes in the flood zone, and they petitioned Congress to prevent the loss of their land; however, Congress gave San Diego the right to buy the land without

250-629: The CDP has a total area of 26.8 square miles (69 km ), 99.99% land and 0.01% water. Viejas Mountain is the highest peak in the area, at 4,189 feet (1,277 m). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Alpine has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Summers are warm and dry, and winters are cool with moderate precipitation. Temperatures are more extreme than coastal San Diego, similar to nearby El Cajon and Ramona , and less extreme than

275-468: The age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 17.3% of households were one person and 7.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.06. The age distribution was 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age

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300-534: The area was part of the home of the Kumeyaay Indians, whose ancestors had lived here for possibly as long as 12,000 years. The community's name was suggested by a resident in the 1880s who said that the environment reminded her of her native country of Switzerland . The small commercial district along Alpine Boulevard has seen some suburban development in recent decades, and it is surrounded by large stretches of less densely populated rural areas that began in

325-724: The area, and the Ewiiaapaayp Band and Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians both have headquarters in Alpine. According to the United States Census Bureau , it is at 32°50′4″N 116°46′14″W  /  32.83444°N 116.77056°W  / 32.83444; -116.77056 (32.834563, -116.770615), which is approximately 1,200 feet (370 m) west of the USGS location. According to the United States Census Bureau,

350-683: The first Native American bank in California, Borrego Springs Bank, N.A., with branches in Alpine , Borrego Springs , and La Mesa . They own two recreational vehicle parks. Viejas Entertainment hosts concerts in a 1,500-seat outdoor arena and also promotes talent to casinos throughout the country. The tribe owns 50 percent of the Broadcast Company of the Americas, which operates a sports talk station, The Mighty 1090-AM in San Diego . Viejas partnered with

375-648: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Horse ranches and small farms are still common, along with open chaparral hillsides and riparian canyons. In 2003, the Cedar Fire ravaged the Alpine area. Alpine sits on both sides of Interstate 8 at the eastern extent of the California coastal region and the western extent of the Peninsular Ranges , about 30 miles (48 km) east of downtown San Diego , at an elevation of about 2,000 feet (610 m). The location of Alpine

400-657: The local Kumeyaays' knowledge or consent. The two tribes, Barona and Viejas, were forced to sell the land and with their proceeds they purchased their current reservations, the Barona Reservation and Viejas Reservation , respectively. In 1973, 7 people lived on the reservation. Today, the two tribes have a joint-trust patent of the remaining reservation. It is undeveloped but serves as an ecological preserve. 32°55′33.54″N 116°43′45.58″W  /  32.9259833°N 116.7293278°W  / 32.9259833; -116.7293278 Alpine, California Alpine

425-470: The low 90s in the day to the low 60s at night. Highs of over 105 °F (41 °C) in the summer and lows of under 35 °F (2 °C) in the winter are occasional, particularly in the northern section of Alpine, on the slopes of Viejas Mountain . Snowfall is very rare within the town of Alpine, with trace amounts falling once out of every two to three winters. However, light snow commonly falls each winter at elevations above 3,000 feet (910 m). At

450-423: The nearby mountain and desert regions, such as Julian . Rainfall averages 16.05 inches (408 mm) per year, falling mostly from November to March, with numerous microclimates and annual variation. Rainfall amounts can vary greatly from month to month, or from year to year. Average January temperatures range from the low 60s in the day to the low 40s at night. Average July temperatures range from upper 80s to

475-410: The occupied units 3,597 (68.5%) were owner-occupied and 1,651 (31.5%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%. 9,935 people (69.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,163 people (29.2%) lived in rental housing units. At the 2000 census there were 13,143 people, 4,775 households, and 3,652 families in the CDP. The population density

500-612: The population) lived in households, 136 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 5,248 households, 1,932 (36.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,120 (59.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 515 (9.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 268 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 283 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 39 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 1,048 households (20.0%) were one person and 433 (8.3%) had someone living alone who

525-529: The reservation are the "Clearing of the Cemetery," when tribal members clean and pay their respects at the two tribal cemeteries, and Dia de las Animas or All Souls' Day . Capitan Grande Reservation The Capitan Grande Reservation is a Kumeyaay Indian reservation in San Diego County, California , jointly controlled by the Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians and Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians . The reservation

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550-477: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males. The median household income was $ 61,832 and the median family income was $ 69,821. Males had a median income of $ 51,444 versus $ 31,891 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 29,523. About 4.9% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over. In

575-440: Was 489.1 inhabitants per square mile (188.8/km ). There were 4,958 housing units at an average density of 184.5 per square mile (71.2/km ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.8% White, 0.8% African American, 1.2% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 10.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 4,775 households 36.5% had children under

600-585: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.69. There were 3,903 families (74.4% of households); the average family size was 3.09. The age distribution was 3,403 people (23.9%) under the age of 18, 1,164 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 3,133 people (22.0%) aged 25 to 44, 4,583 people (32.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,953 people (13.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males. There were 5,536 housing units at an average density of 206.7 per square mile, of

625-532: Was created by executive order in 1934. The reservation is about 1,609 acres (6.51 km) large. Approximately 289 of the 394 enrolled members live on the reservation. The reservation is home to scrub oaks and chaparral. The name "Viejas" comes from the Spanish name for their land, "El Valle de Las Viejas" or "The Valley of the Old Women." In 1973, 121 of the 127 enrolled members lived on the reservation. The Viejas Band

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