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19-564: Vibiana is a third-century virgin martyr of the Roman Catholic Church . She is the patroness of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles . Her liturgical feast day is 1 September. The remains of Vibiana were rediscovered on December 9, 1853, in ancient catacombs near the Appian Way . A marble tablet adorned her tomb upon which was inscribed "to the soul of the innocent and pure Vibiana", above

38-643: A laurel wreath . A wreath was a symbol of martyrdom in Early Christianity . Since 2002, the relics of Vibiana have been housed in the mausoleum of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels . The former Cathedral of Saint Vibiana in Los Angeles , California was dedicated to her. This article about a saint is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Virgin (title)#Virgin martyrs Chastity

57-455: A plague in 1374. When he contracted the disease himself and lay near death, Catherine came and sat at his bedside until he recovered. Knowing how close he was to death, Raymond credited his recovery to her prayers. By 1374 Raymond had come to the attention of Pope Gregory XI , then living in Avignon , as a result of his connection to Catherine, and also for his novel ways of confronting issues like

76-562: A spiritual director or as a teacher in various communities of the Order. Raymond was first assigned to Montepulciano , where he served as a chaplain to a monastery of nuns of the Dominican Second Order . He was the first biographer of their venerated former prioress , Agnes of Montepulciano , who had died about fifty years earlier. He was then stationed in Rome, to serve as the prior of

95-616: Is one of the seven virtues in Christian tradition, listed by Pope Gregory I at the end of the 6th century. In 1 Corinthians , Paul the Apostle states that the virgins and the unmarried women are "concerned about the Lord's affairs", and that their "aim is to be devoted to the Lord in both body and spirit". In 2 Corinthians 11:2, Paul alludes to the metaphor of the Church as Bride of Christ by addressing

114-716: The Canon of the Mass . The tradition of the rite of the Consecratio virginum (consecration of a virgin) dates back to the 4th century, the form of life to apostolic times. The first known formal consecration is that of Saint Marcellina , dated AD 353, mentioned in De Virginibus by her brother, Saint Ambrose . Another early consecrated virgin is Saint Genevieve ( c.  422 – c.  512 ). According to Raymond of Capua , Saint Catherine of Siena ( c.  1347–1380 ) at

133-533: The Crusades in the Holy Land , the return of the papacy to Rome, and the general reform of the Church. He was well known for his ability to pass seamlessly from dealing with spiritual and supernatural considerations to the more mundane matters of practical politics. For four years Raymond accompanied Catherine in her journeys, and went to Avignon to act as an intermediary between her and the pope. Catherine had such faith in

152-463: The 4th century. In the hagiography of Christian martyrs of the late 1st to early 4th centuries, virgin martyrs (Latin virgo et martyr , Greek παρθένος-μάρτυρας , Russian дева-мученица ) were often persecuted for their refusal to enter a worldly marriage after having vowed to keep their virginity for the sake of heaven. Other virgin martyrs lost their lives in defensum castitatis ('in defense of chastity '). A group of virgin martyrs of

171-638: The Church's approval to live in a state of virginity 'for the sake of the Kingdom of heaven'." Virgins are consecrated for the church as a bride of Christ both in the Orthodox churches and the Roman Catholic church. While in the latter one the consecration has been bestowed for centuries only for nuns living in cloistered monasteries, the bestowal for women living in the world has been reintroduced under Pope Paul VI in 1970. The number of consecrated virgins ranges in

190-584: The Order. Raymond favored the development of a new interpretation of "observance", for which he drew upon the Franciscan example . In this work he gained the designation of being the second founder of the Order of the Preachers. Raymond was buried first in Nuremberg (now Germany), where he died, but his body was later moved to Naples , to the Church of San Domenico Maggiore . In 1899 Pope Leo XIII beatified him on

209-505: The Roman papacy and defended its legitimacy. In 1379 by command of Pope Urban VI Raymond was examined by Fra. Giacomo Altoviti who promoted him to the grade of Master of Theology. In the year 1380, Catherine died and Raymond was elected Master General of Dominican Order. He then divided his time between Italy and Germany. In the Caterinian spirit of reform, he gave a new spiritual vitality to

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228-526: The age of 21 ( c.  1368 ) experienced what she described in her letters as a mystical marriage with Jesus Christ , later a popular subject in art as the mystic marriage of Saint Catherine . Canon 922 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church states that "From apostolic times Christian virgins, called by the Lord to cling only to him with greater freedom of heart, body, and spirit, have decided with

247-652: The commitment of the pope to the cause of a Crusade, that she sent a personal letter to the infamous English pirate , John Hawkwood , asking him to re-direct his efforts to the service of God in this cause. Pope Gregory would finally return to Rome in 1377, but he died in 1378. The refusal of the French cardinals to accept the election of his successor, Pope Urban VI , led to the Great Western schism that lasted 39 years, with one pope in Rome and another in Avignon . This schism divided Europe. Raymond, like Catherine, supported

266-575: The congregation: "I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ". In the theology of the Church Fathers , the prototype of the sacred virgin is Mary, the mother of Jesus , consecrated by the Holy Spirit at the Annunciation . Although not directly stated in the gospels, the perpetual virginity of Mary was widely upheld as a dogma by the Church Fathers from

285-785: The early church, namely Saints Catherine of Alexandria , Margaret of Antioch , Barbara of Nicomedia and Dorothea of Caesarea , is called "the four capital virgins ", three of them belong to the Fourteen Holy Helpers . In the Roman Missal and the Book of Hours , virgins and virgin martyrs have their own common . Different martyrologies (for example the Martyrologium Romanum or the Martyrologium Hieronymianum ) list early virgin martyrs, some of which are also named in

304-493: The friars at Santa Maria sopra Minerva . Later he was sent to Siena , where he was assigned by the Master General to be the spiritual director and confessor to the noted Dominican tertiary , Catherine of Siena . Raymond spent the next six years advising her and hearing her confessions. While there, Raymond gradually learned to trust her holiness and her judgment. This was sealed when he became involved in nursing victims of

323-462: The restoration of Dominican religious life. For his success in this endeavor, he is referred to as its "second founder". Raymond worked also for the return of the papacy to Rome and for a solution to the Western schism . The important mystic and author, Catherine of Siena , accepted him as a spiritual director because of his burning passion for the Church and for the revival of religious life. He

342-465: The thousands. Estimates derived from the diocesan records range at around 5,000 consecrated virgins worldwide as of 2018. Raymond of Capua Raymond of Capua , (ca. 1303 – 5 October 1399) was a leading member of the Dominican Order and served as its Master General from 1380 until his death. First as Prior Provincial of Lombardy and then as Master General of the Order, Raymond undertook

361-625: Was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1899. He was born "Raymond della Vigna" about 1330 in Capua (then part of the Kingdom of Naples ), a member of a prominent family of that city, and was a descendant of Pietro della Vigna (a figure mentioned in Dante 's Divine Comedy ). In 1350, while a student of law at the University of Bologna , he entered the Dominican Order . For the next twenty-five years he worked as

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