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64-571: Veríssimo is located at an elevation of 674 meters, 43 km. west of Uberaba. The distance to the state capital, Belo Horizonte , is 513 km. Neighboring municipalities are: Uberaba , Conceição das Alagoas , Campo Florido , Prata , and Uberlândia . The main economic activities are services, small industries, and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was approximately R$ 57 million, with 15 million Reais from services, 10 million Reais from industry, and 28 million Reais from agriculture. There were 516 rural producers on 76,000 hectares of land. The land

128-415: A bandeirante explorer from São Paulo . The explorer settled in the region in 1701, leading a gold rush expedition. He then established a farm called "Curral d'el Rey," archaic Portuguese for the "King's Corral". The farm's wealth and success encouraged people from surrounding places to move into the region, and Curral del Rey became a village surrounded by farms. Another important factor contributing to

192-608: A corridor, which will be known as the Central Biodiversity Corridor , in the Atlantic Forest and one in the Amazon. The Brazilian Development Bank has been financing, with non-reimbursable loans, 16 to 18 ecosystem restoration projects totaling 3,500 hectares and costing approximately $ 22 million under the so-called Iniciativa BNDES Mata Atlântica. In order to preserve diversity, the state of São Paulo has created

256-549: A higher quality of life for the local farmers partnering with the city and that this may be having positive effects on biodiversity in the Atlantic rainforest around the city. The city's development of these policies garnered the first "Future Policy Award" in 2009, awarded by the World Future Council , a group of 50 activists (including Frances Moore Lappé , Vandana Shiva , Wes Jackson , and Youssou N'Dour ) concerned with

320-415: A notable Italian influence ; around 30% of the city's population have some Italian origin . The Italian culture is present in the cuisine, dance, and language. People of German , Spanish , French , and Syrian-Lebanese ancestries also make up sizeable groups. Source: IBGE 2010. In 1993, under mayor Patrus Ananias de Souza, the city started a series of innovations based on its citizens having

384-435: Is active in reforestation efforts in the northeastern state of Pernambuco , Brazil. During 2007, Joao Milanez and Joanne Stanulonis have planted 5,500 new trees in the mountains commencing with Gravata, adding to the precious little, ancient forest left. The Pact for Atlantic Forest Restoration has assembled over 100 businesses, nongovernmental and governmental organizations around the goal of having 15 million hectares of

448-443: Is also an East-West Express Way, which goes from the city to the nearby industrial centres of Contagem and Betim (together having a population of ca. 900,000), and Anel Rodoviário, a kind of "beltway" – indeed it is not circumferential, but connects many highways, such as the federal (BR-ones) so it is not necessary for a large number of cars and trucks to pass through the city centre. Many of these roads are in poor condition, but in

512-441: Is cooled considerably by the relatively high elevation, which suppresses high maximum air temperatures experienced in nearby cities at lower altitudes. Belo Horizonte's climate is mild throughout the year. Temperatures vary between 11 and 31 °C (52 and 88 °F), the average being 22 °C (72 °F). Winter is dry and mostly sunny, and summer is rainy. According to the 2022 census , there were 2,315,560 people residing in

576-550: Is home to 16% of the country's biotechnology companies, with annual sales of over R$ 550 million. Projects in these fields are likely to expand because of integration between universities, the oil company Petrobras and the Brazilian Government . One of the largest events that ever took place in the city, the Inter-American Development Bank meeting, occurred in 2005 and attracted people from all over

640-522: Is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons, most notably the Pampulha Complex . In planning the city, Aarão Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington, D.C. The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security , for which it has been awarded international accolades. The city is built on several hills, and is completely surrounded by mountains. There are several large parks in

704-437: Is located about 500 kilometres (310 mi) from the sea. Even though inter-seasonal differences are not as pronounced as they are in temperate places, there is a contrast between spring and summer, and between fall and winter. The coldest month is generally July, with a lowest recorded temperature of 3.1 °C (38 °F). The hottest month is usually January. With an elevation of 852 m (2,795 ft), Belo Horizonte

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768-428: Is predicted that many regional, fruit-bearing tree species in the Atlantic forest will become extinct due to failure of seedling recruitment and recolonisation. With all these species already threatened, it is predicted that with the persistence of current deforestation rates the Atlantic forest will see continued extinction of species. Due to the Atlantic Forest's vast diversity of endemic plants and animals as well as

832-457: Is the 3rd most populous of Brazil , after only Greater São Paulo (with 19,672,582 people, first in Brazil and 5th in the world ) and Greater Rio de Janeiro (with 14,387,000 people). The city is the 6th most populous of the country . During the 18th century, Minas Gerais received many Portuguese immigrants, mainly from Northern Portugal as well as many enslaved Africans. Belo Horizonte has

896-578: Is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the 13th-largest city in South America and the 18th-largest in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area , ranked as the third most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and the 17th most populous in

960-644: Is the distribution and processing centre of a rich agricultural and mining region and the nucleus of a burgeoning industrial complex. Production is centred on steel, steel products, automobiles , and textiles. Gold, manganese , and gemstones mined in the surrounding region are processed in the city. The main industrial district of the city was set during the 1940s in Contagem , a part of greater Belo Horizonte. Multinational companies like FIAT (which opened its plant in Betim in 1974), Arcelor , and Toshiba have subsidiaries in

1024-509: Is unusual in that it extends as a true tropical rain forest to latitudes as far as 28°S. This is because the trade winds produce precipitation throughout the southern winter. In fact, the northern Zona da Mata of northeastern Brazil receives much more rainfall between May and August than during the southern summer. The geographic range of Atlantic Forest vary depending on author or institution that published them. Information on four most important boundaries as well as their union and intersection

1088-434: Is very fertile and agricultural production is high. 121 farms had tractors (2006). Approximately 1,100 persons were dependent on agriculture. The main crops were sugarcane and soybeans , but rubber , coffee , cotton , rice , beans and corn were also grown. There were 76,000 head of cattle (2006). There was 1 bank (2007) and 314 automobiles (165 motorcycles), giving a ratio of 11 inhabitants per automobile. There

1152-500: The Atlantic Forest . More than 100 species of birds inhabit the reserve, as well as 10 species of mammals. Belo Horizonte was one of the host cities of the 1950 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Additionally, the city shared as host of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the football tournament during the 2016 Summer Olympics . The metropolis was once a small village, founded by João Leite da Silva Ortiz  [ pt ] ,

1216-675: The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund if they abide by its rules. These include the Species Protection Program, the Program for Supporting Private Natural Heritage Reserves and the Institutional Strengthening Program. Another strategy being implemented to maintain biodiversity within the Atlantic Forest is creating wildlife corridors . The World Bank is donating $ 44 million to create

1280-482: The NYSE -listed electrical company CEMIG . Leading steel product makers Sumitomo Metals of Japan and Vallourec of France also have plans to construct an integrated steel works on the outskirts of the city. There are also a large number of small enterprises in the technology sector with regional to nationwide success, particularly in the fields of computing and biotechnology. Because of both governmental and private funding in

1344-558: The Restinga de Bertioga State Park , a 9.3 thousand hectares park which also serves as a wildlife corridor linking the coastal regions to the Serra do Mar mountain range. Some organizations, such as the Nature Conservancy , are planning to restore parts of the forest that have been lost and to build corridors that are compatible with the lifestyles of the native people. The Amazon Institute

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1408-564: The Serra do Curral (Corral Ridge), the southern boundary of the municipality. Its soil comprises a succession of layers of rocks of varied composition, represented by itabirite , dolomite , quartzite , phyllites and schists different from the general direction northwest–southeast and dip to the southeast. The hills of Belo Horizonte are part of the Espinhaço Mountains and belong to the larger Itacolomi mountain chain. The highest point in

1472-424: The " right to food ." These include, for example, creating farmers' markets in the town to enable direct sales and regularly surveying market prices and posting the results across the city. The city's process of participatory budgeting was linked with these innovations, as a result of which the infant mortality rate was reduced by 50% in a decade. There is some evidence that these programs have helped support

1536-459: The 3,941 hectares (9,740 acres) Serra do Rola-Moça State Park , created in 1994. Belo Horizonte's has a latitude at 19'55" in the South tropical zone . Yearly temperatures average between 9 and 35 °C (48 and 95 °F). The Köppen climate classification of the region is tropical savanna climate ( Aw ), milder due to the elevation, with humid/warm summers and dry/mild winters. Belo Horizonte

1600-424: The Americas. Belo Horizonte is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais , Brazil's second-most populous state . It is the first planned modern city in Brazil. The region was first settled in the early 18th century, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais. The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings and

1664-606: The Atlantic Forest. New species are continually being found in the Atlantic Forest. In fact, between 1990 and 2006 over a thousand new flowering plants were discovered. Furthermore, in 1990 researchers re-discovered a small population of the black-faced lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus caissara ), previously thought to have been extinct. In 1991, the butterfly Actinote zikani was rediscovered in southern Brazil, after being declared extinct ten years earlier. In southern Brazil A new species of blonde capuchin ( Cebus queirozi ), named for its distinguishing bright blonde hair,

1728-606: The Paleoproterozoic is predominant. The area of Belo Horizonte complex includes the geomorphological unit called Depression of Belo Horizonte , which represents about 70% of the municipality area and has its greatest expression in the northern Ribeirão Arrudas pipeline. The metasedimentary rocks has its area of occurrence on the south of Ribeirão Arrudas pipeline, constituting about 30% of the area of Belo Horizonte. The characteristics of this area are lithological diversities and rugged topography, which has its maximum expression in

1792-548: The bus lines. Keeping buses from traffic congestions, making the trips more viable for commuters. Atlantic Forest The Atlantic Forest ( Portuguese : Mata Atlântica ) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina , where

1856-536: The capital into a national hub for this segment of the tourist industry . Several higher education institutions are located in Belo Horizonte, including: Belo Horizonte is served by two airports: The city is connected to the rest of Minas Gerais state and the country by a number of roadways. Minas Gerais has the country's largest federal highway network. The city is also served by other minor roads such as state highways MG-020, MG-050, MG-030, and MG-433. There

1920-477: The city of Belo Horizonte. The census revealed the following numbers: 1,008,878 White people (43.6%), 986,302 Pardo ( Multiracial ) people (42.6%), 312,920 Black people (13.5%), 4,881 Asian people (0.2%), 2,486 Amerindian people (0.1%). In 2010, the city had 428,893 opposite-sex couples and 1,090 same-sex couples . The population of Belo Horizonte was 53.1% female and 46.9% male. The Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, called Greater Belo Horizonte ,

1984-519: The city. The service sector plays a very important role in the economy of Belo Horizonte, being responsible for 85% of the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with other industry making up most of the remaining 15%. Belo Horizonte has a developed industrial sector, being traditionally a hub of the Brazilian siderurgical and metallurgical industries, as the state of Minas Gerais has always been very rich in minerals , specifically iron ore. Belo Horizonte

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2048-523: The development and recognition of policies to promote a just and sustainable future. The city has undertaken an internationally heralded project called Vila Viva ("Living Village" in Portuguese) that promises to "urbanize" the poorest areas ( favelas ), relocating families from areas with high risk of floods and landslides but keeping them in the same neighborhood, paving main avenues to allow public transportation, police and postal service to have access. All

2112-583: The diversification of its economy, the city has become an international reference in Information Technology and Biotechnology , and is also cited because of the advanced corporate and university research in Biodiesel fuel. The number of jobs in the Information sector has been growing at annual rates above 50%. The Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area, composed of 33 cities under the capital's direct influence,

2176-591: The extent of human disturbances, including habitat destruction , in the Atlantic Forest has led to an extinction crisis. The endemic species in this region are especially vulnerable to extinction due to fragmentation because of their small geographic ranges and low occurrence. In a study of the Atlantic Forest fragments, community level biomass was reduced to 60% in plots less than 25 hectares. Key ecological processes such as seed dispersal , gene flow , colonization and other processes are disturbed by fragmentation. With many key vertebrate seed dispersers going extinct, it

2240-646: The forest actually survived in moist pockets well away from the coastline where its endemic rainforest species mixed with much cooler-climate species. Unlike refugia for equatorial rainforests, the refuges for the Atlantic Forest have never been the product of detailed identification. Despite having only 28% of native vegetation cover remaining, the Atlantic Forest remains extraordinarily lush in biodiversity and endemic species , many of which are threatened with extinction . Approximately 40 percent of its vascular plants and up to 60 percent of its vertebrates are endemic species, meaning they are found nowhere else in

2304-592: The fragmentation affecting these species, many groups and organizations are working to restore this unique ecosystem . Non-governmental organizations (NGO) are huge benefactors in Brazil, providing funding as well as professional help to the Atlantic Forest due to the Brazilian Environmental Movement . One organization, called BirdLife International , uses its research to preserve the area's bird biodiversity and teach people about sustainable natural resource use. Some organizations receive grants from

2368-523: The growth of the village was people immigrating from the São Francisco River region, who had to pass through Curral d'el Rey to reach southern parts of Brazil. Travelers usually visited a small wooden chapel, where they prayed for a safe trip, so the chapel was named Capela da Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem, which means "Chapel of Our Lady of the Good Journey." After the construction of Belo Horizonte,

2432-476: The last 20 years of the 20th century. In the 1940s a young Oscar Niemeyer designed the Pampulha Neighbourhood to great acclaim, a commission he got thanks to then-mayor and soon-to-be-president Juscelino Kubitschek . These two men are largely responsible for the wide avenues , large lakes, parks, and jutting skylines that characterize the city today. A 1949 American government film favorably reviewed

2496-424: The last years many revitalization and rebuilding projects have been started. The bus system has a large number of bus lines going through all parts in the city, and is administered by BHTRANS . Among the upcoming projects are the expansion of the integration between bus lines and the metro , with integrated stations, many already in use. And the construction of bus corridors, with lanes and bus stops exclusively for

2560-644: The location for the new economic and cultural center of the state, under the new name of Cidade de Minas , or City of Minas. Aarão Reis  [ pt ] , an urbanist from Pará , was then chosen to design the second planned city of Brazil after Teresina . Cidade de Minas was inaugurated in 1897, with many unfinished buildings as the Brazilian government set a deadline for its completion. The local government encouraged growth through subsidies. It offered free lots and funding for building houses. An interesting feature of Reis' downtown street plan for Belo Horizonte

2624-543: The members of the Inconfidência Mineira , republican intellectuals who conspired against the Portuguese dominion of Brazil. In 1889 Brazil became a republic, and it was agreed that a new state capital, in tune with a modern and prosperous Minas Gerais, had to be established. In 1893 due to the climatic and topographic conditions, Curral Del Rey was selected by Minas Gerais governor Afonso Pena among other cities as

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2688-441: The metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte. The legally defined Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte consists of 34 municipalities in total, and a population of around six million inhabitants (as of 2021 , according to Brazil's National Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE )). The intense process of urbanization that is taking place in the metropolitan region has made some of the political boundaries between municipalities in

2752-598: The municipality is in the Serra do Curral , reaching 1,538 metres (5,046 ft). A centre for conservation and preservation of animals and plants it has also developed environmental education projects. The Zoo, which encompasses a total area of 1.4 million square meters, is located at the Foundation's headquarters and is regarded as one of the most complete in Latin America. It has a collection of close to 900 animals representing 200 species, from Brazil and other parts of

2816-427: The old baroque chapel was replaced by a neo-Gothic church that became the city's cathedral. The previous capital of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto (meaning "black gold," due to dark rocks with gold inside found on the region), originally called "Vila Rica" ("wealthy village"), was a symbol of both the monarchic Brazilian Empire and the period when most of Brazilian income was from the mining industry. That never pleased

2880-570: The planning and building of the city. Belo Horizonte is fast becoming a regional center of commerce. The Latin American research and development center of Google, situated in Belo Horizonte, was responsible for the management and operation of the former social networking website Orkut . It continues to be a trendsetter in the arts, particularly where music, literature, architecture, and the avant garde are concerned. The term "Grande BH" ("Greater Belo Horizonte") denotes any of various definitions for

2944-444: The region is known as Selva Misionera . The Atlantic Forest has ecoregions within the following biome categories: seasonal moist and dry broad-leaf tropical forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands , and mangrove forests . The Atlantic Forest is characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism . It was the first environment that the Portuguese colonists encountered over 500 years ago, when it

3008-412: The region obsolete. The city is now composed of a relatively contiguous urban area, centred on Belo Horizonte, which extends out into municipalities such as Contagem , Betim , Nova Lima , Raposos , Ribeirão das Neves , Ibirité , Santa Luzia and Sabará , among others. The municipality is bounded to the north by Vespasiano , to the north east by Santa Luzia, by Sabará to the east, by Nova Lima to

3072-641: The region, along with textiles like Group Rachelle Textil, Ematex and Cedro Textil, cosmetic , food, chemicals , pharmaceuticals , furnishing and refractory companies. Among the companies headquartered in the city are steel producer Açominas (held by Gerdau , one of the largest multinationals originated in Brazil); Usiminas ; Belgo-Mineira (held by Arcelor ); Acesita (partially held by Arcelor); mobile communication Vivo ; and Telecom Italia Mobile , Dasein Executive Search, executive coaching company, as well as

3136-673: The result of human activity in the past 400 years. Over 11,000 species of plants and animals are considered threatened today in the Atlantic Forest. Over 52% of the tree species and 92% of the amphibians are endemic to this area. The forest harbors around 20,000 species of plants, with almost 450 tree species being found in just one hectare in some locations. The Atlantic Forest is one of the best studied tropical ecosystems. For example, over 3000 tree species, 98 bat species, 94 large or medium-sized mammal species, over 2000 epiphyte species, 26 primate species, 528 amphibian species, 124 small mammal species, and over 800 bird species have been recorded in

3200-428: The size of the Atlantic Forest, which has resulted in species impoverishment. Almost 88% of the original forest habitat has been lost and replaced by human-modified landscapes including pastures , croplands , and urban areas . This deforestation continues at an annual rate of 0.5% and up to 2.9% in urban areas. Habitat fragmentation leads to a cascade of alterations of the original forest landscape. For example,

3264-671: The southeast, Brumadinho to the south and Ribeirão das Neves, Contagem and Ibirité to the west. According to the current geographic classification by IBGE, the municipality belongs to the Immediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte , in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte . Belo Horizonte lies on a region of contact between different geological series of the Proterozoic . The geology largely comprises crystalline rocks , which give rise to

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3328-446: The surroundings of Belo Horizonte. The Mangabeiras Park (Parque das Mangabeiras), 6 km (4 mi) southeast of the city centre in the hills of Curral Ridge (Serra do Curral), has a broad view of the city. It has an area of 2.35 km (580 acres), of which 0.9 km (220 acres) is covered by the native forest. The Jambreiro Woods (Mata do Jambreiro) nature reserve extends over 912 hectares (2,250 acres), with vegetation typical of

3392-462: The urban area, which was defined by Avenida do Contorno (a long avenue that goes around the city's central areas). Reserved for government workers (hence the name of the trendy neighbourhood "Funcionários"), and bringing about an accelerated occupation outside the city's area well provided with infrastructure since its very beginning. Obviously, the city's original planners did not count on its ongoing population growth, which proved especially intense in

3456-521: The varied morphology of the landscape. It is located in a large geological unit known as the craton of São Francisco , referring to extensive crustal nucleus of central-eastern Brazil, tectonically stable at the end of the Paleoproterozoic and bordering areas that suffered the regeneration at the Neoproterozoic . The archean rocks members of Belo Horizonte complex and supracrustal sequences of

3520-481: The work is done with 80% of locals, reducing unemployment and increasing family income. Former mayor Fernando da Mata Pimentel was nominated for World Mayor in 2005 on the strength of these and other programs. Belo Horizonte receives large numbers of visitors, as it is in the Brazilian main economic axis, exerting influence even on other states. Multinational and Brazilian companies, such as Google, Deloitte , Thoughtworks , Localiza and Oi , maintain offices in

3584-587: The world, as well as the first public butterfly sanctuary in South America. Pampulha Ecological Park is administered by the Zoo-Botanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte and was inaugurated on May 21, 2004. It is 30 acres (12 ha) of green area that offers to the population and the tourists a permanent programming of environmental , cultural and patrimonial education. The city contains the 102 hectares (250 acres) Baleia State Park , created in 1988 but still not implemented as of 2014. It contains part of

3648-407: The world. For a long time it was marked by the predominance of its industrial sector , but from the 1990s there has been a constant expansion of the service sector economy, particularly in computer science , biotechnology , business tourism , fashion and the jewelry-making. The city is considered to be a strategic leader in the Brazilian economy . The move towards business tourism transformed

3712-443: The world. The official threatened species list of Brazil contains over 140 terrestrial mammal species found in Atlantic Forest. In Paraguay the Atlantic Forest has been heavily impacted in recent years. In Paraguay there are 35 species listed as threatened, and 22 species are listed as threatened in the interior portion of the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. Nearly 250 species of amphibians , birds, and mammals have become extinct due to

3776-565: Was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place. 19°39′46″S 48°18′28″W  /  19.66278°S 48.30778°W  / -19.66278; -48.30778 Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte

3840-478: Was 1 health clinic. Patients with more serious health conditions are transported to Uberaba, which is connected by established roads. Educational needs were met by 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, and 2 pre-primary schools. In 2000 the per capita monthly income of R$ 244.00 was just below the state and national average of R$ 276.00 and R$ 297.00 respectively. The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000

3904-488: Was discovered in northeastern Brazil at the Pernambuco Endemism Center in 2006. A species of endangered three-toed sloth, named the maned sloth ( Bradypus torquatus ) because of its long hair, is endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Hylid tree frog Dendropsophus branneri is also endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The incorporation of modern human societies and their needs for forest resources has greatly reduced

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3968-492: Was reviewed in 2018. The Atlantic Forest mainly covers regions of eastern Brazil (92% of the total area), but also reaches eastern Paraguay (6%) and northeastern Argentina (2%). During glacial periods in the Pleistocene , the Atlantic Forest is known to have shrunk to extremely small fragmented refugia in highly sheltered gullies, being separated by areas of dry forest or semi-deserts known as caatingas. Some maps even suggest

4032-425: Was the inclusion of a symmetrical array of perpendicular and diagonal streets named after Brazilian states and indigenous Brazilian indigenous tribes. In 1906 the name was changed to Belo Horizonte. At that time, the city was experiencing a considerable industrial expansion that increased its commercial and service sectors. From its very beginning, the city's original plan prohibited workers from living inside

4096-506: Was thought to have had an area of 1,000,000–1,500,000 km (390,000–580,000 sq mi), and stretching an unknown distance inland, making it, back then, the second largest rainforest on the planet, only behind the Amazon rainforest . Over 85% of the original area has been deforested , threatening many plant and animal species with extinction . The Atlantic Forest region includes forests of several variations: The Atlantic Forest

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