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45-816: Chronology of game introductions: Triple Play, drawn Tuesdays and Fridays, replaced Heads or Tails. Paycheck replaced Triple Play. Paycheck ends. The Lottery funded about 2% of the 2007 expenditures for education, contributing $ 23 million of the $ 1.3 billion school spending. Prior to July 1, 1998, profits from the Lottery went to the government's general fund; since then profits go to the Education Fund. Players must be 18 or older. Games include scratch tickets, Mega Millions , Tri-State Megabucks , and Powerball . Drawings times (Eastern Time Zone): †Tri-State games are always drawn in New Hampshire . ††Mega Millions usually

90-761: A scratch off , scratch ticket , scratcher , scratchum , scratch-it , scratch game , scratch-and-win , instant game , instant lottery , scratchie , lot scrots , or scritchies ) is a card designed for competitions, often made of thin cardstock or plastic to conceal PINs, where one or more areas contain concealed information which can be revealed by scratching off an opaque covering. Applications include; cards sold for gambling (especially, lottery games and quizzes), free-of-charge cards for quizzes, fraudulent free cards encouraging calls to premium rate phone services, and to conceal confidential information such as PINs for telephone calling cards (otherwise known as recharge cards) and other prepaid services. In some cases,

135-424: A "second skin" effect. Synthetic latices are used in coatings (e.g., latex paint) and glues because they solidify by coalescence of the polymer particles as the water evaporates. These synthetic latices therefore can form films without releasing potentially toxic organic solvents in the environment. Other uses include cement additives and to conceal information on scratchcards . Latex, usually styrene -based,

180-439: A better protection to the plant from enemies than all the thorns, prickles, or hairs that could be provided. In this plant, so copious and so distasteful has the sap become that it serves a most important purpose in its economy. Evidence showing this defense function include the finding that slugs will eat leaves drained of their latex but not intact ones, that many insects sever the veins carrying latex before they feed, and that

225-406: A branching system extending throughout the plant. In many euphorbs , the entire structure is made from a single cell – this type of system is known as a non-articulated laticifer , to distinguish it from the multi-cellular structures discussed above. In the mature plant, the entire laticiferous system is descended from a single cell or group of cells present in the embryo . The laticiferous system

270-409: A card on a computer were available. Virtual cards could be bought, and prizes collected, over an Internet connection. A widespread misuse of scratchcards is the free-of-charge distribution of cards offering a range of prizes, ranging from extremely low-value to very desirable; for example from time-limited discount vouchers redeemable only through a specified agent to cars. Cards always reveal that

315-549: A gold-colored "Mega Ball"; the latter is numbered 1 through 25. For an extra $ 2. a player can activate the "Megaplier" option, which multiplies non-jackpot winnings by up to 5. In 2003, the Vermont Lottery added Powerball, which began in 1992. Jackpots begin at $ 40 million; the game is drawn Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. As of April 2017, Vermont has yet to sell a jackpot-winning ticket for either Mega Millions or Powerball. Scratchcard A scratchcard (also called

360-570: A greater rate than any other form of lottery. In the 21st century there have been attempts to increase the odds on finding a prize-winning card based on statistics , by tracking the amount of prize money won and cards sold to calculate accurate current odds. There have been a number of instances where a series of cards are still available although all major prizes have been won. Some lotteries make this information available to all free of charge to help promote their games. Hypothetically, large early payouts may exceed ultimate sales before expiration of

405-807: A green "Lucky Ball" numbered 01 through 18. As of April 2017, the game is offered in 22 states and the District of Columbia, with three more states expected to join. In October 2009, the Mega Millions consortium and MUSL reached an agreement to cross-sell Mega Millions and Powerball in American lotteries wishing to offer both games. The Vermont Lottery added Mega Millions on January 31, 2010, the cross-selling expansion day. The current version of Mega Millions (drawn Tuesdays and Fridays) began on October 28, 2017; its jackpot starts at $ 40 million, with minimum rollovers of $ 5 million. Players choose 5 of 70 "white ball" numbers, and

450-405: A latex allergy. Latex-fruit syndrome Many people with latex allergy also experience allergic reactions to certain fruits. This association has led to research regarding latex-fruit syndrome (LFS). This is a phenomenon characterized by cross-reactivity between natural latex rubber allergens and certain fruit allergens, leading to allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. It was described for

495-617: A liquid. Synthetic latex : Latex obtained as a product of an emulsion , mini-emulsion, micro-emulsion, or dispersion polymerization . The cells ( laticifers ) in which latex is found make up the laticiferous system, which can form in two very different ways. In many plants, the laticiferous system is formed from rows of cells laid down in the meristem of the stem or root . The cell walls between these cells are dissolved so that continuous tubes, called latex vessels, are formed. Since these vessels are made of many cells, they are known as articulated laticifers . This method of formation

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540-527: A lower-allergen substitute. Additionally, chemical processes may be employed to reduce the amount of antigenic protein in Hevea latex, yielding alternative materials such as Vytex Natural Rubber Latex which provide significantly reduced exposure to latex allergens. About half of people with spina bifida are also allergic to natural latex rubber. People who have had multiple surgeries and who have had prolonged exposure to natural latex are also more susceptible to

585-507: A prize has been won, but the nature and value of the prize can only be determined by phoning a premium rate telephone claim line costing a significant sum per minute. Calls to this number are designed by the promoter always to take several minutes, and the prize won is, in reality, always of far less value than the cost of the call, and usually not worth claiming. Regulatory authorities for telephone services have been taking action against such schemes, issuing warnings and large fines . Over

630-588: A term for the fluid substance in plants, deriving from the Latin word for "liquid". It serves mainly as defense against herbivorous insects . Latex is not to be confused with plant sap ; it is a distinct substance, separately produced, and with different functions. The word latex is also used to refer to natural latex rubber , particularly non- vulcanized rubber. Such is the case in products like latex gloves , latex condoms , latex clothing , and balloons . Latex : Colloidal dispersion of polymer particles in

675-669: A very popular form of gambling due to their low cost, their distribution in many corner stores and gas stations, and the opportunity to win instantly, as opposed to waiting for a draw like many lotteries. There is a trend towards more expensive scratchcards (20–50 USD) that have prizes in the millions of dollars. However, many such "instant" tickets sold in the US, especially in Massachusetts and New York, do not pay top prizes "instantly," but rather over many years, with no cash lump sum option. The popularity of lottery scratchcards has been increasing at

720-638: A window thereon and a removable opaque layer covering the window:" had already been available for a number of years. Simple prize scratchcards require the player, for example, to scratch off three (or more) areas hiding numbers, symbols, etc. If all the items revealed are the same, a prize has been won. More complicated scratchcards have several different ways to win on one card. Other scratchcards involve matching symbols, pictures or words, or are adaptations of popular (card-)games such as blackjack , poker or Monopoly . Games are also tied to popular themes such as Harley Davidson , Major League Baseball , NASCAR ,

765-428: Is $ 1,000-per-day for life; multiple winners split the prize. On September 17, 2013, Lucky for Life was revamped; changes include a $ 25,000-per-year second prize. Winners of either annuitized prize level are allowed to choose cash in lieu of the lifetime annuity, unlike the top prize in the previous versions. In January 2015, Lucky for Life became a "quasi-national" game. Players now choose 5 of 48 white balls and

810-489: Is actively moved to the area of injury; in the case of Cryptostegia grandiflora , latex more than 70 cm from the site of injury is mobilized. The large hydrostatic pressure in this vine enables an extremely high flow rate of latex. In a 1935 report the botanist Catherine M. Bangham observed that "piercing the fruit stalk of Cryptostegia grandiflora produced a jet of latex over a meter long, and maintained [this jet] for several seconds." The clotting property of latex

855-465: Is also used in immunoassays . Some people only experience a mild allergy when exposed to latex, with symptoms such as eczema , contact dermatitis , or developing a rash . Others have a serious latex allergy , and exposure to latex products such as latex gloves can cause anaphylactic shock . Guayule latex has only 2% of the levels of protein found in Hevea latices, and it is being researched as

900-588: Is drawn in Atlanta . †††Powerball usually is drawn in Florida ; its home base was Iowa through 2008. Pick 3 and Pick 4 are drawn twice daily including Sundays. Prizes and options vary. Megabucks Plus replaced Megabucks in July 2009; it also uses a 5+1 double matrix. The game draws 5 balls from 1 through 41, plus a megaball from 1 through 6. Games cost $ 2; minimum jackpot is $ 1,000,000. Drawings are Wednesdays and Saturdays. In

945-430: Is found as a milky fluid , which is present in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms). It is a complex emulsion that coagulates on exposure to air, consisting of proteins , alkaloids , starches , sugars , oils , tannins , resins , and gums . It is usually exuded after tissue injury. In most plants, latex is white, but some have yellow, orange, or scarlet latex. Since the 17th century, latex has been used as

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990-470: Is found in the poppy family and in the rubber trees ( Para rubber tree , members of the family Euphorbiaceae , members of the mulberry and fig family , such as the Panama rubber tree Castilla elastica ), and members of the family Asteraceae . For instance, Parthenium argentatum the guayule plant, is in the tribe Heliantheae ; other latex-bearing Asteraceae with articulated laticifers include members of

1035-455: Is functional in this defense since it limits wastage and its stickiness traps insects and their mouthparts. While there exist other explanations for the existence of latex including storage and movement of plant nutrients, waste, and maintenance of water balance that "[e]ssentially none of these functions remain credible and none have any empirical support". The latex of many species can be processed to produce many materials. Natural rubber

1080-589: Is present in all parts of the mature plant, including roots, stems, leaves , and sometimes the fruits . It is particularly noticeable in the cortical tissues. Latex is usually exuded as a white liquid, but is some cases it can be clear, yellow or red, as in Cannabaceae . Latex is produced by 20,000 flowering plant species from over 40 families . These include both dicots and monocots . Latex has been found in 14 percent of tropical plant species, as well as six percent of temperate plant species. Several members of

1125-520: Is the phone card or recharge card sold for a price which provides specified phone call usage. The card itself, unlike a credit card, has no function in itself; it is simply a vehicle to inform the purchaser confidentially of the PIN required to make the phone calls paid for. Latex Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latices are found in nature , but synthetic latices are common as well. In nature, latex

1170-496: Is the most important product obtained from latex; more than 12,000 plant species yield latex containing rubber, though in the vast majority of those species the rubber is not suitable for commercial use. This latex is used to make many other products including mattresses , gloves , swim caps , condoms , catheters and balloons . Dried latex from the opium poppy is called opium , the source of several useful analgesic alkaloids such as codeine , thebaine , and morphine ,

1215-477: The Cichorieae , a clade whose members produce latex, some of them in commercially interesting amounts. This includes Taraxacum kok-saghyz , a species cultivated for latex production. In the milkweed and spurge families, on the other hand, the laticiferous system is formed quite differently. Early in the development of the seedling, latex cells differentiate, and as the plant grows these latex cells grow into

1260-590: The National Hockey League , Marvel Comics and FIFA World Cup . There are currently two major manufacturers of game tickets: Scientific Games Corporation, with production facilities in the USA, Chile, UK, Germany, Canada, Brazil and Australia; and Pollard Banknote , with production facilities in the USA and Canada. There are several other smaller manufacturers in North America, Europe, and Asia. Scratchcards are

1305-819: The litter problems associated with the improper disposal of non-winning lottery tickets. Since lottery tickets and scratchcards are considered in the United States to be bearer instruments under the Uniform Commercial Code , these scratchcard promotions can be entered with non-winning tickets that are picked up as litter. Break Opens , also known as breakopens , break open cards , strip tickets , pull-tabs, nevada tickets or in some Bingo Halls as "pickles" are lottery or bingo cards on which there are concealed letters, numbers, or symbols that have been predetermined as winners. The cards are often made of cardboard and contain perforated cover window tabs, behind which

1350-430: The American company Scientific Games Corporation led by scientist John Koza and retail promotions specialist Daniel Bower produced the first computer-generated instant lottery game. In 1987, Astro-Med, Inc. of West Warwick, Rhode Island , received the U.S. Patent for the instant scratch-off lottery ticket, but the patent acknowledges that "instant-game tickets comprising a card having game-playing indicia imprinted on

1395-519: The UK are still sold even after the jackpots have already been won. Research by The Guardian newspaper found that the £250,000 Gold game, which advertises 15 top prizes worth a quarter of a million pounds each, were still being sold after all 15 jackpots had been claimed. This happened again in May 2018, in which the 20X Cash Scratchcard was still being sold after the last jackpot prize was claimed. Many lotteries since

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1440-579: The card body, labels are distinctly separate to the card body and applied by adhesion which makes them prone to sophisticated and fraudulent manipulation. Another technology-enabled form of scratch card can also be found online in the form of mobile applications. They are usually programmed by game developers and published on appropriate app stores such as the Apple App Store or Google Play Store for review and publication. The original game tickets were produced using manual randomization techniques. In 1974

1485-488: The card wins or loses. In these cases, the card becomes invalid if too many areas are scratched. After losing, one can scratch all areas to see if, how, and what one could have won with this card. The scratchcard itself is made of paper-based card, or plastic, with hidden information such as PIN or HRN (Hidden Recharge Number) printed on it, covered by an opaque substance (usually latex ). The original cards were covered with an environmentally unsafe solvent based coating. In

1530-563: The combinations are printed. The purchaser must "break open" the card, or pull up the pull-tabs, to see the information printed within, and then must confirm with winning combinations printed on the back of the card, various cards may have come from the printer highlighted as winning under the tabs. The winning combination will be highlighted, making the identification of winning tickets easier. By around 2010 online versions of virtual "scratchcard" (not physical cards) gambling games which utilized Macromedia Flash and Java to simulate scratching

1575-459: The entire scratchable area needs to be scratched to see whether a prize has been won—the card is printed either to be a winner or not—or to reveal the secret code; the result does not depend upon what portions are scratched off. In other cases, some but not all areas have to be scratched; this may apply in a quiz, where the area corresponding to the right answer is scratched, or in some gambling applications where, depending on which areas are scratched,

1620-707: The first time by Blanco et al. in 1994. In a 2024 comprehensive review by Gromek et al., the last 30 years of research on LFS were summarized, focusing on its prevalence, common cross-reactions, and clinical manifestations. The review found that the prevalence of LFS in latex-allergic patients varies widely, ranging from 4% to 88%, depending on diagnostic methods, geographical regions, and study populations. The most commonly implicated fruits in LFS include banana, avocado, kiwifruit, and papaya. Clinical manifestations are predominantly systemic, with 73% of hypersensitivity symptoms being systemic and 27% localized. Gromek et al. also highlighted

1665-447: The fungal kingdom also produce latex upon injury, such as Lactarius deliciosus and other milk-caps . This suggests it is the product of convergent evolution and has been selected for on many separate occasions. Latex functions to protect the plant from herbivores. The idea was first proposed in 1887 by Joseph F. James, who noted that latex of milkweed carries with it at the same time such disagreeable properties that it becomes

1710-424: The game card series. However, the low odds of winning – typically from less than 1 in 5 to about 1 in 2.5 – and players who buy cards unaware of the low return offset these losses, so the lottery still makes a profit. Many state lotteries also run a second-chance sweepstakes in conjunction with the retail sale of state lottery scratchcards in an effort to increase consumer demand for scratchcards and to help control

1755-455: The late 1980s, adhesive specialist Jerome Greenfield invented a safe water-based coating still used in scratchers today that can be scratched off relatively easily, while resistant to normal abrasion. Other types of scratch panel are scratch labels, hot stamp foil or 'sandwich' label which are technologies that is easy to produce for manufacturers without specialised equipment for applying latex panels. Unlike silkscreen latex panels that bond with

1800-590: The late 2010s somewhere, the name of the game's switched back as Megabucks. On May 12, 2013, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont began Gimme5 , with a top prize of $ 100,000 cash, to be split if there are multiple winners. Drawings are Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. In 2009, the Connecticut Lottery began an in-house game, Lucky4Lífe , which became a regional game three years later, and became Lucky for Life . (Its drawings remain in Connecticut .) The top prize

1845-411: The latex of Asclepias humistrata (sandhill milkweed ) kills by trapping 30% of newly hatched monarch butterfly caterpillars. Other evidence is that latex contains 50–1000× higher concentrations of defense substances than other plant tissues. These toxins include ones that are also toxic to the plant and consist of a diverse range of chemicals that are either poisonous or " antinutritive. " Latex

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1890-441: The latter two of which can then further be used in the synthesis and manufacture of other (typically stronger) opioids for medicinal use, and of heroin for the illegal drug trade . The opium poppy is also the source of medically useful non-analgesic alkaloids, such as papaverine and noscapine . Latex is used in many types of clothing . Worn on the body (or applied directly by painting), it tends to be skin-tight , producing

1935-418: The need for standardized diagnostic criteria and severity grading systems to improve the accuracy of LFS diagnosis and treatment. Several species of the microbe genera Actinomycetes , Streptomyces , Nocardia , Micromonospora , and Actinoplanes are capable of consuming rubber latex. However, the rate of biodegradation is slow, and the growth of bacteria utilizing rubber as a sole carbon source

1980-561: The start of the 2010s have begun to have their retailers print out up-to-date game lists from their terminals daily or weekly (often with the force of state, provincial, or national law after consumer watchdog organizations or television station investigative units have exposed the practice), which note games where jackpots have already been won or which have large prizes left, along with up-to-date winners' lists on their websites. Scratchcards can also be used to distribute confidential information, without any element of chance. A common example

2025-437: The years, many lotteries have continued to sell scratch games, while failing to disclose that the larger prizes or jackpot have already been claimed in order to discourage players from no longer playing a won scratch game, though before the 2000s and direct connections between the lottery and their sales terminals could be made, there was no expectation of this to be known. In February 2018 it was reported that some scratch cards in

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