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33-441: Velbastaður is on Streymoy’s west coast in the south of the island, north of the ferry port of Gamlarætt and about five kilometres from Kirkjubøur . It has a beautiful view across the strait of Hestsfjørður towards the islands of Hestur and Koltur . The islands of Vágar and Mykines can be seen further to the west, and Sandoy further to the south. Archaeological finds have unearthed artifacts possible dating as far back as

66-434: A jetty or a mole , may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access. Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion . On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current

99-415: A function of the distance the breakwaters are built from the coast, the direction at which the wave hits the breakwater, and the angle at which the breakwater is built (relative to the coast). Of these three, the angle at which the breakwater is built is most important in the engineered formation of salients. The angle at which the breakwater is built determines the new direction of the waves (after they've hit

132-442: A significant saving over revetment breakwaters. An additional rubble mound is sometimes placed in front of the vertical structure in order to absorb wave energy and thus reduce wave reflection and horizontal wave pressure on the vertical wall. Such a design provides additional protection on the sea side and a quay wall on the inner side of the breakwater, but it can enhance wave overtopping . A similar but more sophisticated concept

165-495: A southern route via Skúvoyarfjørður to Skálavík , Skúvoy and Sandur . This resulted in crossing times of 1–2 hours for non-stop trips to 2–3 hours with other calls en route from Tórshavn. A ferry port at Streymoy's southern tip would reduce the crossing time to 30 minutes to both Sandoy and 20 minutes to Hestur. Such a jetty was earlier proposed to be built in Kirkjubøur in 1963 and 1970, selected for its proximity to Sandoy and

198-552: A steep coast with heavy breakers, necessitating the extensive use of breakwaters . Construction started in 1987 but was put on hold in 1990 in the face of the Faroese economic crisis . The Faroese government had to deprioritise numerous projects, including the Vágatunnilin (which opened eventually in 2002), but for financial reasons it continued the works at Gamlarætt. It opened in May 1993 when

231-566: Is a ferry port in the Faroe Islands . It is situated on the southwestern side of the island of Streymoy , the largest island in the Faroes, between the villages of Velbastaður and Kirkjubøur . It accommodates ferry services to the islands of Sandoy and Hestur . The port is also used for local salmon farms . Until 1993 all ferry traffic to Sandoy operated from Tórshavn , on a northern route across Skopunarfjørður to Skopun and Hestur , and

264-651: Is a wave-absorbing caisson, including various types of perforation in the front wall. Such structures have been used successfully in the offshore oil-industry, but also on coastal projects requiring rather low-crested structures (e.g. on an urban promenade where the sea view is an important aspect, as seen in Beirut and Monaco ). In the latter, a project is presently ongoing at the Anse du Portier including 18 wave-absorbing 27 m (89 ft) high caissons. Wave attenuators consist of concrete elements placed horizontally one foot under

297-518: Is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass (e.g. with caissons), or by using a revetment slope (e.g. with rock or concrete armour units). In coastal engineering , a revetment is a land-backed structure whilst a breakwater is a sea-backed structure (i.e. water on both sides). Rubble mound breakwaters use structural voids to dissipate the wave energy. Rubble mound breakwaters consist of piles of stones more or less sorted according to their unit weight: smaller stones for

330-465: Is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes . Breakwaters reduce the intensity of wave action in inshore waters and thereby provide safe harbourage. Breakwaters may also be small structures designed to protect a gently sloping beach to reduce coastal erosion ; they are placed 100–300 feet (30–90 m) offshore in relatively shallow water. An anchorage

363-430: Is limited in practice by the natural fracture properties of locally available rock. Shaped concrete armour units (such as Dolos , Xbloc , Tetrapod , etc.) can be provided in up to approximately 40 tonnes (e.g. Jorf Lasfar , Morocco), before they become vulnerable to damage under self weight, wave impact and thermal cracking of the complex shapes during casting/curing. Where the very largest armour units are required for

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396-809: Is only safe if ships anchored there are protected from the force of powerful waves by some large structure which they can shelter behind. Natural harbours are formed by such barriers as headlands or reefs . Artificial harbours can be created with the help of breakwaters. Mobile harbours, such as the D-Day Mulberry harbours , were floated into position and acted as breakwaters. Some natural harbours, such as those in Plymouth Sound , Portland Harbour , and Cherbourg , have been enhanced or extended by breakwaters made of rock. Types of breakwaters include vertical wall breakwater, mound breakwater and mound with superstructure or composite breakwater. A breakwater structure

429-783: Is unique in the Faroes as it is the only settlement with the ending staður , meaning place or location. The name is by many considered the same as the Old Norse Vébólstaðr , meaning farm with a Vé or shrine . Vé (from the Old Norse ) was a type of sacred enclosure or a sanctuary. Locations with similar prefixes of Ve and histories of sacred locations, can be found several places in Norway , such as Vebbestad in Kvæstad, Troms or Veibust, in Sula, Møre og Romsdal . Gamlar%C3%A6tt Gamlarætt

462-536: The Viking age , but most locations used in those times have washed into the sea now. Velbastaður is located nearly in the center of the archipelago , and close to the old Thing in Tórshavn across the mountain. This would support the idea that there has been a shrine at Velbastaður. Tórshavn means the harbor of Thor . It was a natural harbor and would be a good place for travelers to land their ships and boats, and complete

495-466: The Newport breakwater. The dissipation of energy and relative calm water created in the lee of the breakwaters often encourage accretion of sediment (as per the design of the breakwater scheme). However, this can lead to excessive salient build up, resulting in tombolo formation, which reduces longshore drift shoreward of the breakwaters. This trapping of sediment can cause adverse effects down-drift of

528-520: The United States Army Corps of Engineers Coastal engineering manual (available for free online) and elsewhere. For detailed design the use of scaled physical hydraulic models remains the most reliable method for predicting real-life behavior of these complex structures. Breakwaters are subject to damage and overtopping in severe storms. Some may also have the effect of creating unique types of waves that attract surfers, such as The Wedge at

561-458: The blasting of the hairpin turns carved into the cliffside, seen in the photo above. The total costs are estimated at 130 million krones . When including the construction of ports in Skopun and Hestur and the new highway to Tórshavn, the entire project has an estimated cost of 300 million krones. Strandfaraskip Landsins operates three ferry routes from Gamlarætt: There is no ferry connection to

594-641: The breakwaters), and in turn the direction that sediment will flow and accumulate over time. The reduced heterogeneity in sea floor landscape introduced by breakwaters can lead to reduced species abundance and diversity in the surrounding ecosystems. As a result of the reduced heterogeneity and decreased depths that breakwaters produce due to sediment build up, the UV exposure and temperature in surrounding waters increase, which may disrupt surrounding ecosystems. There are two main types of offshore breakwater (also called detached breakwater): single and multiple. Single, as

627-403: The breakwaters, leading to beach sediment starvation and increased coastal erosion . This may then lead to further engineering protection being needed down-drift of the breakwater development. Sediment accumulation in the areas surrounding breakwaters can cause flat areas with reduced depths, which changes the topographic landscape of the seabed. Salient formations as a result of breakwaters are

660-461: The collided wave energy and prevent the generation of standing waves. As design wave heights get larger, rubble mound breakwaters require larger armour units to resist the wave forces. These armour units can be formed of concrete or natural rock. The largest standard grading for rock armour units given in CIRIA 683 "The Rock Manual" is 10–15 tonnes. Larger gradings may be available, but the ultimate size

693-461: The core and larger stones as an armour layer protecting the core from wave attack. Rock or concrete armour units on the outside of the structure absorb most of the energy, while gravels or sands prevent the wave energy's continuing through the breakwater core. The slopes of the revetment are typically between 1:1 and 1:2, depending upon the materials used. In shallow water, revetment breakwaters are usually relatively inexpensive. As water depth increases,

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726-525: The effect of the incident wave, creates waves in phase opposition to the incident wave downstream from the slabs. A submerged flexible mound breakwater can be employed for wave control in shallow water as an advanced alternative to the conventional rigid submerged designs. Further to the fact that, the construction cost of the submerged flexible mound breakwaters is less than that of the conventional submerged breakwaters, ships and marine organisms can pass them, if being deep enough. These marine structures reduce

759-406: The free surface, positioned along a line parallel to the coast. Wave attenuators have four slabs facing the sea, one vertical slab, and two slabs facing the land; each slab is separated from the next by a space of 200 millimetres (7.9 in). The row of four sea-facing and two land-facing slabs reflects offshore wave by the action of the volume of water located under it which, made to oscillate under

792-459: The junction towards Kirkjubøur, some 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) uphill. The Sandoyartunnilin opened in 2023 and it goes from Gamlarætt towards Sandoy.. The tunnel mouth is located right next to the ferry jetty. It replaced the ferry service to Sandoy, but Gamlarætt is still in use for the service to Hestur. In future, this might provide a stepping stone for the Suðuroyartunnilin . After

825-450: The material requirements—and hence costs—increase significantly. Caisson breakwaters typically have vertical sides and are usually erected where it is desirable to berth one or more vessels on the inner face of the breakwater. They use the mass of the caisson and the fill within it to resist the overturning forces applied by waves hitting them. They are relatively expensive to construct in shallow water, but in deeper sites they can offer

858-623: The most exposed locations in very deep water, armour units are most often formed of concrete cubes, which have been used up to ~ 195 tonnes Archived 2019-05-12 at the Wayback Machine for the tip of the breakwater at Punta Langosteira near La Coruña, Spain. Preliminary design of armour unit size is often undertaken using the Hudson's equation , Van der Meer and more recently Van Gent et al.; these methods are all described in CIRIA 683 "The Rock Manual" and

891-414: The name suggests, means the breakwater consists of one unbroken barrier, while multiple breakwaters (in numbers anywhere from two to twenty) are positioned with gaps in between (160–980 feet or 50–300 metres). The length of the gap is largely governed by the interacting wavelengths. Breakwaters may be either fixed or floating, and impermeable or permeable to allow sediment transfer shoreward of the structures,

924-547: The old faiths. The village was deserted for some time after the Black Death in 1349. The population of the village has increased in recent years from 134 in 1990, to 220 in 2015, mainly due to its close proximity to the capital Tórshavn , while still preserving the feeling of living in the countryside. A new residential and industrial area is being built on the rocks being excavated from the Sandoy tunnel . The place name Velbastaður

957-427: The old ferry Tróndur started using the new jetty and route, reducing crossing times from Streymoy to Skopun from 1.15 hour (2.5 hours via Hestur) down to 30 minutes. The direct ferry services to other villages on Sandoy ceased. In 2001 the purpose-built ferry Teistin took over the route and Tróndur was decommissioned. Gamlarætt consists of 540 metres of breakwater, which was built with broken rocks created by

990-624: The opening, Gamlarætt remains the port-of-access to Hestur, though additional uses for the terrain may be found for example tourism and recreational purposes. 61°57′45″N 6°49′07″W  /  61.96250°N 6.81861°W  / 61.96250; -6.81861 Breakwater (structure) A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges. Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages , helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as

1023-453: The relatively calm waters. The latest proposal for a new ferry port surfaced in 1983, again selecting Kirkjubøur . However, locals argued the ferry port would harm the village's important historic character . Eventually the Løgting decided in 1986 to construct the ferry port north of Kirkjubøur at a site only locally known, named Gamlarætt or in translation 'the old sheepfold'. This site has

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1056-415: The travel overland, if conditions on the southwestern coast were disagreeable. The location of Kirkjubø , only 5 km to the south east on the same coast, supports the notion that there was a heathen shrine at Velbastað. The early Christian church would often locate their headquarters as close as possible to sacred heathen locations, making it easier to subdue and convert the most hardcore supporters of

1089-492: The uninhabited island of Koltur . From Gamlarætt there is a modern highway to Tórshavn , which takes circa 15 minutes by car. Strandfaraskip Landsins operates route 101 from Tórshavn to meet departures to Sandoy. Buses do not call in Velbastaður (village) or Kirkjubøur, but can stop at junctions on request. Tórshavn's local Bussleiðin routes 6 and 8 doesn't stop at Gamlarætt port, though passengers can embark and disembark at

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