A Variophon is an electronic wind instrument invented in 1975 by researchers at the University of Cologne . It synthesizes sounds using the principle of most common brass instruments , creating sounds based on the vibration of the player's lips and breath and the resonance in a particular body. For this purpose, the instrument is played using a pipe-controller, while the pitch is controlled either by keys on the pipe itself or in later models, an external keyboard. The Variophon can alternate in timbres, imitating a variety of wind instruments, ranging from the harmonica to clarinet, saxophone or tuba. The variophon has a processing unit, dubbed "the music cockpit" which the controller must be connected to. The controlling voltages of the blow controller and keys combine to influence the shape, width, and height of the electric pulses. The pulses it creates are modeled by the pulse formations of real wind instrument sounds, which is how the variophon replicates the sounds of these instruments.
21-637: The original Variophon, named the "Martinetta", was invented in 1975 by Jobst Peter Fricke, Wolfgang Voigt and Jürgen Schmitz at the Acoustical Department of the Musicological Institute of the University of Cologne , and was first manufactured by Ernest Martin KG. The controller of this original model is shaped and played similar to a clarinet, attached to it is an amplifier that processes the signals from
42-578: A proof of concept for impulse shaping synthesis, developed by Jobst Fricke and Wolfgang Voigt in Cologne. The Variophon is used extensively on Talk Talk 's third album The Colour of Spring . In 2006, Voigt and Fricke returned to the University of Cologne and presented the Martinetta in a series of short videos. University of Cologne The University of Cologne (German: Universität zu Köln )
63-441: Is Köln Hauptbahnhof , other stations include Köln Messe/Deutz , Köln Hansaring , Köln West and Köln Süd station , as well as a dense net of Cologne Stadtbahn tram and U-Bahn stations. The Cologne Ring (Kölner Ringe) is a city boulevard, encircling the old town of Cologne. It is part of Bundesstraße 55 and picks up several principal arterial roads , which lead into adjacent city districts. This Cologne location article
84-495: Is a statutory corporation (Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts), operated by the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia . The university is divided into six faculties, which together offer 200 fields of study. The faculties are those of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Law, Medicine (with the affiliated university clinic), Arts, Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Human Sciences . On 10 May 2023, Joybrato Mukherjee
105-665: Is a university in Cologne , Germany. It was established in 1388. It closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919. It is now one of the largest universities in Germany with around 44,000 students. The University of Cologne is a member of the German U15 association of major research-intensive universities and was a university of excellence as part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative from 2012 to 2019. It
126-624: Is constantly ranked among top 20 German universities in the world rankings. University of Cologne has 4 Clusters of Excellence; CECAD Cluster of Excellence for Aging Research, Cluster of Excellence ECONtribute: Markets & Public Policy, CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence Matter and Light for Quantum Information (ML4Q). As of 2022, among its notable alumni, faculty and researchers are 4 Nobel Laureates , 11 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, 7 Humboldt Professorship winners, 2 Humboldt Research Awards winners and 1 Rhodes Scholar. The university of Cologne
147-686: The Gründerzeit era new town (Neustadt) plus the right- Rhenish quarter of Deutz . The Innenstadt has about 127,000 inhabitants (as of December 2020) and covers an area of 16.37 square kilometres. The Innenstadt is made up of five Stadtteile (city parts): Among the landmarks in Innenstadt are Cologne Cathedral , the twelve romanesque churches of Cologne ( St. Andreas , St. Aposteln , St. Cäcilien , St. Georg , St. Gereon , St. Kunibert , St. Maria im Kapitol , St. Maria Lyskirchen, Groß St. Martin , St. Pantaleon , St. Severin and St. Ursula ) and
168-407: The 14th century Cologne City Hall (Kölner Rathaus). Several high rise structures were built over the last years as landmarks for Veedel (city quarters) within the district, most notably KölnTurm at MediaPark and the three Kranhaus buildings at Rheinauhafen . As the business center of Cologne, the Innenstadt is well served by numerous railway stations and highway. The largest train station
189-574: The ARWU rankings, for the year 2022, the university was ranked within the 151-200 range globally and between 6th and 9th in the national ranking. In 2022, the university enrolled 48,214 students. 7,010 Students earned their graduate or undergraduate degrees in 2022. There were 5,265 students with non-german citizenship in the 2022 Summer Semester. The largest contingents of first year students came from Italy (10.3%), Turkey (8.8%), Poland (9,8%), France (6.6%) and Spain (5,5%). There are 613 professors at
210-630: The State of NRW, Karl Arnold Prize (North Rhine-Westphalia Academy of Sciences and Arts). According to the QS World University Rankings , the university held the 268th position globally and the 17th position nationally in 2024. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2023 saw the university at the 160th place globally and 15th place at the national level. In the Academic Ranking of World Universities , more commonly known as
231-467: The controller and plays back the resulting sounds. In 1978, German instrument manufacturer Realton took over distribution rights and presented three new models at the Frankfurt Music Fair in 1980: The "Variophon Spot", a small box very similar to the original, but without an onboard speaker, the bigger "Variophon Standard" with speakers and connectivity for headphones, and the "Variophon Gig" that
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#1732863145001252-513: The new French constitution, many universities were abolished all over France. The last rector Ferdinand Franz Wallraf was able to preserve the university's Great Seal, now once more in use. In 1919, the Prussian government endorsed a decision by the Cologne City Council to re-establish the university. This was considered to be a replacement for the loss of the University of Strasbourg on
273-754: The two Cologne departments of the Rhineland School of Education were attached to the university as the Faculties of Education and of Special Education. In 1988, the university became a founding member of the Community of European Management Schools and International Companies (CEMS), today's Global Alliance in Management Education . The university is a leader in the area of economics and is regularly placed in top positions for law and business, both for national and international rankings. The University of Cologne
294-509: The university have won various awards including Max Planck Research Award, Cologne Innovation Prize (City of Cologne), Postbank Finance Award (Deutsche Postbank), Ernst Jung Prize in Medicine (Jung Foundation), SASTRA Ramanujan Prize, Wilhelm Vaillant Prize (Wilhlem Vaillant Foundation), Heinz Maier Leibnitz Prize (DFG), Alfried Krupp Prize for the Advancement of Young Professors, Innovation Prize of
315-627: The university was composed of the Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences (successor to the Institutes of Commerce and of Communal and Social Administration) and the Faculty of Medicine (successor to the Academy of Medicine). In 1920, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Arts were added, from which latter the School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was split off in 1955 to form a separate Faculty. In 1980,
336-463: The university, 31% of the professors are female. Including the professors the university employs a total of 4,667 research assistants. The University of Cologne maintains twenty official partnerships with universities from ten countries. Of these, the partnerships with Clermont-Ferrand I and Pennsylvania State are the oldest partnerships. In addition, Cologne has further cooperations with more than 260 other universities. The University of Cologne
357-718: The west bank of the Rhine , which contemporaneously reverted to France with the rest of Alsace. On 29 May 1919, the Cologne Mayor Konrad Adenauer signed the charter of the modern university. At that point, the new university was located in Neustadt-Süd , but relocated to its current campus in Lindenthal on 2 November 1934. The old premises are now being used for the Cologne University of Applied Sciences . Initially,
378-504: Was commemorated on the Federal Republic of Germany 's postage stamp in 1988, celebrating university's 600 years. Neustadt-S%C3%BCd Innenstadt (German: Köln-Innenstadt ) is the central borough ( Stadtbezirk ) of the City of Cologne in Germany. The borough was established with the last communal land reform in 1975, and comprises Cologne's historic old town (Altstadt),
399-589: Was elected as Rector of the University . The University of Cologne is member of the association German U15 e.V. which is a coalition of fifteen major research-intensive and leading medical universities in Germany with a full disciplinary spectrum. Especially the faculties of law and economics are renowned and leading in Germany. Leading researchers are affiliated to Cologne: e.g., Angelika Nußberger, Thomas von Danwitz, Claus Kreß, Martin Henssler, Ulrich Preis, Heinz-Peter Mansel. Apart from these, affiliated persons with
420-715: Was established in 1388 as the fourth university in the Holy Roman Empire , after the Charles University of Prague (1348), the University of Vienna (1365) and the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (1386). The charter was signed by Pope Urban VI . The university began teaching on 6 January 1389, and operated for several hundred years. In 1798, the university was abolished by the French First Republic , who had invaded Cologne in 1794, because under
441-472: Was intended for studio purposes, coming in a 19" rack-case. All three models have a number of knobs to modulate and filter the sounds created. Also, new controllers were introduced: Variations of the handheld blow controller with different keys, and a simpler pipe-controller on a chord that could be played simultaneously with a keyboard. Martinetta, a precursor to the Variophon, built in 1975 by Jürgen Schmitz as
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