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75-828: Van der Merwe is a common Scottish surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwe – the name of the Merwede river in the middle ages ("from the Merwede "). It was brought to South Africa in 1661 by Dutch people employed by the Dutch East India Company . The progenitors of the extended family are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably Broek no very near the Merwede so assumed and not yet proven/these are assumptions) and Elsje Cloete (born Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia ). Married in 1668 in Cape Town , they later farmed for

150-420: A broch and two 13th-century castles. During the 19th century, various new industries were introduced, including lime quarrying. During the early decades of the 20th century, the population exceeded 1,000, but this was followed by a lengthy decline. Although resident numbers are now less than 200, there was a small increase from 2001 to 2011. About a third of the population were recorded as Gaelic -speaking at

225-450: A foreign place (such as a trader). Examples of ethnic surnames are Fleming , Galbraith , Scott , and Wallace . Many Scottish surnames are the names of Scottish clans that were once powerful families dominating large swaths of territory. However, it is a common misconception that every person who bears a clan's name is a lineal descendant of the chiefs of that particular clan. There are several reasons for this. In many cases,

300-525: A later date. A tidal fish trap , of unknown age, is located in the small bay to the south-east of the castle. To the north-east of the castle are the remains of a stone-walled fort. The remains of Achanduin Castle west of Achnacroish is also thought to date back to the 13th century. Built by the MacDougalls around 1290, who held it throughout the 14th century, the castle is then thought to have been held by

375-563: A like-named individual (for example, the bardic family of the surname MacEwan employed by the Campbells are not connected to the MacEwens of Otter ). Historian Charles Ian Fraser stated in his history of the Clan Munro that the bond between clansman and chief cannot in every instance have been that of a common blood. Scottish heraldry operates under the implication that everyone who shares

450-554: A living in Hout Bay and eventually retired to Drakenstein . Many if not most of the people below, who include 16 rugby players, are their descendants. Scottish surnames The earliest surnames found in Scotland occur during the reign of David I , King of Scots (1124–53). These were Anglo-Norman names which had become hereditary in England before arriving in Scotland (for example,

525-521: A local charitable organisation , organised a campaign to keep it open, and with the help of residents, holiday home owners and tourists raised more than their target of £70,000 to do so. "The Piper's Cave" is a local story about a piper and his dog. According to Alexander Carmichael, the piper entered the Uamh-Chraidh (the "cave of pain") and intended to exit through the Uamh-an-duine (the "cave of

600-593: A mine ("the Frasers of the boll of meal"), which explains that some of name Fraser are actually Bissets , who originally controlled the lands taken by the Frasers . In the 17th and 18th centuries, the clan name of the MacGregors was outlawed, and members of the clan were forced to assume other names. When the bans were lifted once and for all, some of the clan resumed using forms of MacGregor —but not all. In some cases,

675-516: A modern surname originated from a patronym: the English suffixes -son , and -s ; and the Gaelic prefix Mac- . In some cases, the -son was dropped from such surnames, and just the forename of an ancestor was used (for example Martin ). In some cases, the suffix -s was used, and according to Black, such names appear to have originated in England (for example Adams ). The use of patronyms died out in

750-481: A parish church on it".) Monro's Description of the Western Isles of Scotland also mentions Eilean Droineach and Eilean Ramsay. He stated that both were "good for corn and store" and had many " Elders and thorns" and that Eilean Droineach was the "habitation of Bishops and Nobles in auld times". However, the view of Munro (1961) is that this last comment more properly applies to the larger "Ramsay Isle". Lismore

825-555: A post office, and a café. Bicycles may be hired at Point. Explore Lismore provide Land Rover Tours and the island's only taxi service. There is no petrol filling station. In 2001 29% of the population of the island spoke Gaelic and maintaining this heritage is one of the aims of the Comann Eachdraidh Lios Mòr , the Lismore Gaelic Heritage Centre. Lismore is part of the multi-member ward of Oban, Lorn and

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900-410: Is a Celtic Cross , a memorial to Waverley Arthur Cameron, the son of Duncan Cameron , inventor of the "Waverley" nib pen and the owner of The Oban Times newspaper. Waverley was drowned in 1891 when his yacht foundered off the coast nearby. There have been various other shipwrecks in the vicinity. In 1889 the paddle steamer Mountaineer lived up to its name by clambering onto Lady's Rock,

975-474: Is a record of a woman named Agnes Beltmakar , who is described as a kaikbakstar ). Occupational names were rare amongst Gaelic speakers Examples of such surnames derived from Gaelic occupational name is Gow , from the Scottish Gaelic Gobha (smith), and MacIntyre from Mac an t-Saoir ( [ˈmaxk ən̪ˠ ˈt̪ʰɯːɾʲ] "son of the carpenter." Macpherson means "son of the parson ", from

1050-471: Is accorded as they are amongst the best examples in Scotland of lochs on a limestone substrate . The alkaline waters are very clear and low in nutrients and support the rare Chara stoneworts C. rudis and C. curtis . C. pedunculata has also been recorded. The lochs lie longitudinally down the island and are of roughly similar size. The total surface area of all three combined is about 32 hectares (79 acres), and they are inhabited by trout . Lismore

1125-518: Is also an SSSI , its limestone maritime cliffs being a key feature along with the presence of the nationally scarce rock whitebeam . Creag Island and Pladda are other islets in the Lynn of Lorn. Eilean nan Caorach, Inn Island, Eilean Droineach and Eilean Ramsay are amongst another cluster of small islands off the north coast, and Eilean Loch Oscair is to the NW. Lismore Lighthouse, built by Robert Stevenson , lies on

1200-430: Is an Iron Age broch of an uncertain date that is a prominent landmark on Lismore's east coast. The walls have an average thickness of 4.5 metres (15 ft), enclosing a circular court about 12.2 metres (40 ft) in diameter. The wall still stands 3 metres (9.8 ft) high and reaches 4.9 metres (16 ft) in the south east. There is a second possible broch site at An Dùn, SW of Loch Fiart, and these are amongst

1275-497: Is an island of some 2,351 hectares (9.1 square miles) in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The climate is damp and mild, with over 166 centimetres (65 in) of rain recorded annually. This fertile, low-lying island was once a major centre of Celtic Christianity , with a 6th-century monastery associated with Saint Moluag , and later became the seat of the medieval Bishop of Argyll . There are numerous ruined structures, including

1350-584: Is derived from Brix in Manche , France, Crawford is derived from Crawford, South Lanarkshire , in the south of Scotland, Barton is derived from Dumbarton , or the several villages and towns in England , and Graham is derived from Grantham , in Lincolnshire , England). Not all territorial surnames are derived from lands owned by their bearers. In some cases such names were borne by tenants, or followers, of

1425-546: Is derived from the Gaelic Camshron , meaning "crooked-nose". Another common Scottish surname is Armstrong , which means the son of a strong man. Some Scottish surnames can be classified as either "regional names" or "ethnic names". These names originally referred to the origin of the bearer and tended to have been acquired by people who migrated a considerable distance for their original homes. In other cases, such names were sometimes borne by people who were connected with

1500-596: Is intruded by a handful of NE-SW aligned lamprophyre dykes of Silurian to early Devonian age associated with the Strontian Granite Complex and by large numbers of NW-SE aligned dykes of dolerite and basalt of Palaeogene age along with a rather fewer number assigned to the ‘Loch Scridain Suite. Quaternary deposits include glacial till and peat alongside some small patches of alluvium ( clay , silt , sand and gravel ) which occupy lower ground. Around

1575-495: Is linked to the mainland by two ferries: a Caledonian MacBrayne vehicle ferry making the crossing to Oban and a council passenger ferry making the shorter crossing from Point, at the north-eastern tip of the island, to Port Appin . The B8045 is the main road on the island, which it traverses from beyond Kilcheran in the SW, to Point in the NE. Facilities on Lismore include a shop which is also

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1650-508: Is part of the ancient district of Lorne and is said to lie "in the cockpit" of this territory. In the modern day, it is at the heart of the Lynn of Lorn National Scenic Area , one of forty such areas in Scotland, which have been defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development. The national scenic areas cover 15,726  ha , of which 10,088 ha are marine seascape, and includes

1725-593: Is the home of the Clan MacLea , who claim kinship with the Livingstone family, and who were recognised by the Lord Lyon in 2002. The Plod nam Baran , which is adjacent to the site of Saint Moluag's church, may be the burial ground of its clan chiefs, or "barons". The current chief, Niall Livingstone of Bachuil, is the " Coarb of Saint Moluag" and since the 16th century or earlier, the chiefs have been hereditary keepers of

1800-538: The genitive case of the father's name preceded by forms of filius , meaning "son" (for example Dugaldus filius Nigelli ); later the filius was only implied (for example Dugaldus Nigelli ). Other early records show patronyms using forms of the Welsh ap , meaning "son"; and the Gaelic mac , meaning son (for example, the names of Macrath ap Molegan , and Gilmychel Mac Eth appear in the same document). There are several prefixes and suffixes that may indicate whether

1875-639: The stirks ) and Pladda (flat island, from Old Norse ). Lismore is formed almost wholly from rocks of the Neoproterozoic age Lismore Limestone Formation, which is ascribed to the Blair Atholl Subgroup of the Appin Group within the Dalradian sequence. There are also some minor graphitic pelites (sometimes described as 'interbedded black slate ', within the formation. The limestone country rock

1950-527: The 19th century, in large part due to the Clearances . In 1798 there were 900 people living on the island and 1399 by 1841. Over the next 40 years the population more than halved to 621. By 1961 there were only 155 residents, and by the time of the 1991 census there were just 140. There are various examples of abandoned townships, such as Coille nam Bard. In the 2001 census, the population had risen slightly to 146, over 45% of whom were over 60 years old, making it

2025-463: The 2001 UK electoral register . This register was made up of all people over the age of 16 who were entitled to vote in elections in the UK . The data was further enhanced with names of people that were not entitled to vote. In 2001, a change in law made it possible for people to opt out of having their information publicly viewable; thus the 2001 register has been considered by at least one recent study to be

2100-468: The 50th offshore Scottish island by height). There are several small lochs on the island, the largest of which are Loch Fiart in the southwest, Kilcheran Loch 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) further northeast, and Loch Baile a' Ghobhainn another 4 km (2.5 mi) northeast, north of Achnacroish. These three water bodies form the Lismore Lochs Special Area of Conservation , a status which

2175-496: The Bishops of Argyll until the mid 16th century. The castle overlooks the island of Bernera . In the 16th century Donald Monro provided a brief description of the island in Scots : Lismoir, ane iyle quher leid ure is, fornent Douard. This iyle is four myle lang, with ane paroche kirke in it. ("Lismore, an isle where lead ore is, opposite Duart . This isle is four miles long, with

2250-620: The Borders and the West Highlands. In some cases within fishing communities, the names of fishing boats were tacked onto the names of people in order to differentiate them from others. Examples of Scottish surnames derived from nicknames are: Little ; White ; and Meikle (which means "big"). One of the most common Scottish surnames is Campbell , which is derived from the Gaelic Caimbeul , meaning "crooked-mouth". Similarly, Cameron

2325-424: The Gaelic surname Mac a' Phearsain . Bynames, to-names, or other names, were once very common in Scotland. These names were used in areas where there were few names in circulation, and the bynames were added onto the name of person, in order to distinguish them from others who bore the same name. Bynames were particularly prevalent in fishing communities in the northeastern part of Scotland, but were also used in

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2400-505: The Highland coast can you enjoy a view of the mountainous mainland to equal this one." The offshore islets of Eilean na Cloich and Eilean Dubh in the Lynn of Lorn and Bernera and Dubh Sgeir in the Lynn of Morvern to the west and Eilean Gainimh to the NE are extensively used by common seals and form the Eileanan agus Sgeirean Lios mòr Special Area of Conservation. The whole island of Bernera

2475-891: The Isles in the Argyll and Bute council area. The island is represented by Jenni Minto of the SNP at the Holyrood Parliament in Edinburgh who was elected for the Argyll and Bute constituency in 2011, and by Brendan O'Hara of the SNP at the Westminster parliament in London. In 2023, the sole shop on the island, which is also the post office, was threatened with closure because the person running it had decided to return to school teaching. The Lismore Community Trust,

2550-697: The Lowlands after the 15th century, as they became solidified as surnames. It was not until the 18th century that they were given up in the Gaelic-speaking Highlands. As late as the first part of the 18th century, some men were distinguished not only by their father's name, but their grandfather's and great-grandfather's (for example, John Roy M'Ean Vc Ewin Vc Dougall Vc Ean , a man from Lismore recorded in 1585). Patronyms were still common in Shetland in

2625-482: The Lynn of Lorn. Composed almost entirely of limestone, Lismore has fertile soil and an abundance of trees and shrubs, including ash and sycamore . The topography consists of sheltered furrows of land between raised areas that run longitudinally up the island's spine. The area of the island is 2,351 hectares (9.1 square miles) and the highest elevation is Barr Mòr in the south above Kilcheran, which reaches only 127 metres (417 feet). (Haswell-Smith ranks Lismore as

2700-577: The Normans (for example, -el , -et , -ett , -ot , -at , -en , -in , -oc , -on , -uc , and -cock ). These suffixes were added to pet-forms of names (for example, Adkin diminutive of Adam , and Paton from Patrick ). The name Fraser (Gaelic Friseal ) has a unique etymology; it originally derives from the French fraise , meaning strawberry . The top twenty most common surnames in Scotland are shown below. The data were mostly gathered from

2775-453: The Scottish island with the oldest population. The island's population was recorded as 192 at the 2011 census , an increase of over 30% since 2001. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. The majority of the resident working population are engaged in farming or fishing, and sheep raised on the island have a reputation for quality. Majority of

2850-592: The Scottish surname Mackenzie , is given to girls more than boys in North America; another North American given name used for both sexes is Cameron derived from the surname Cameron ). The male name Douglas has become very popular throughout the commonwealth countries, and is derived from the Douglas clan. Isle of Lismore Lismore ( Scottish Gaelic : Lios Mòr , pronounced [ʎis̪ ˈmoːɾ] possibly meaning "great enclosure" or "garden")

2925-418: The arms of Fergusson of Kilkerran). Not all surnames that begin with the prefix Mac- are truly derived from patronyms. Forms of the surnames MacBeth and MacRae are derived from the Gaelic personal names Mac-bethad and Mac-raith . The prefix in such cases means "pupil", "devotee", "disciple". (Other examples can be found under the section Occupational Surnames). Also, not all names beginning with

3000-631: The boundary between the Scots and Norwegian claims in these islands. Edgar formally acknowledged the existing situation by giving up his claims to the Hebrides but there were a few exceptions including Luing and Lismore, which were retained by the Scots. Lismore later became the seat of the medieval Bishopric of Argyll . Before the late 12th century the Bishopric of Dunkeld included all of Argyll , but sometime between 1183 and 1193 they were separated, as apparently

3075-684: The client, then the suggestions put forward are generally variations of those arms (for example, one of the oldest families of Argyll are the Fergussons of Glensellich; this clan is not related or historically connected in any way to the Fergussons of Kilkerran who the Lord Lyon King of Arms considers to be the Chief of the Name and Arms of Fergusson ; consequently, the arms of Fergusson of Glensellich are based upon

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3150-505: The contemporary surnames de Brus , de Umfraville , and Ridel ). During the reigns of kings David I, Malcolm IV and William the Lion , some inhabitants of Scottish towns were English and Flemish settlers, who bore English and continental personal names , with trade names and sometimes nicknames. One of the earliest sources for surnames in Scotland is the Ragman Roll . This document records

3225-631: The damage to which was still visible in 1995. In 1905 the MacBrayne steamship Clydesdale hit the same obstruction in a Force 6 wind . The harbour patrol craft Appletree was sunk in a collision with an RAF pinnace east of the Lismore light in October 1940 with, according to one report, the loss of two lives. The trawler MFV Solway Firth foundered south of this position in 1977. Lismore, like other Hebridean islands , has suffered from depopulation since

3300-402: The deeds of homage pledged by Scots nobles to Edward I , King of England in 1296. The surnames recorded within are for the most part very similar to those found in England at around the same date, consisting of local, patronymic and occupational names, and nicknames. Some of the local surnames with the roll are derived from places within Scotland; there are very few Gaelic surnames recorded in

3375-610: The diocese's centre was moved to Saddell in Kintyre . It was burned down during the Reformation and only the choir survives in greatly altered form, the nave and western tower having been reduced to their foundations. There is also evidence of an enclosure, probably medieval. The ruins of Coeffin Castle stand on the summit of a rocky promontory on the coast west of Clachan. There is the outline of an oblong hall-house, which may be 13th century, and an irregularly shaped bailey , likely of

3450-435: The early monastery. One of the earliest English language references is to "Lismoir", recorded in the 16th century. Achnacroish is from Achadh na Croise and means "the field of the cross". The other small settlements are Clachan (village with a church) and Port Ramsay, opposite Eilean Ramsay (Ramsay's isle). Most of the surrounding islets have descriptive names, such as Eilean Dubh (black island), Eilean nan Gamhna (isle of

3525-484: The families that originally lived on the lands acquired by powerful clans (such as the Campbells , Gordons , Macdonalds , and Mackenzies ) adopted the names of their new lords. The leadership of large clans increased their power by increasing the number of their followers by both conciliation and coercion . The memory of such renaming is sometimes preserved in tradition. One old Gaelic saying reads: Frisealach am boll

3600-669: The first half of the 19th century. One of the most common surnames in Scotland is Simpson , which means the son of "Simon", in Gaelic the equivalent names are McSymon, and MacSymon. Many of the first surnames recorded in Scotland were those of nobles, or great landowners, whose surnames derived from the lands they possessed. These names are sometimes called territorial names, or habitation names. Many of these surnames were brought to Scotland by Anglo-Normans, whose surnames were derived from either lands in Normandy or in England (for example, Bruce

3675-411: The former date. The modern economy is largely based on farming, fishing and tourism, and the largest settlement is Achnacroish . Various shipwrecks have been recorded in the vicinity. In the Gaelic name, lios means "garden" or "enclosure", and mòr is simply "big" or "great", reflecting either the fertility of the island amidst mountainous surroundings, or the presence of a defined area surrounding

3750-499: The land is owner occupied. Prior to 2007 there was no mains supply of drinking water on the island, water being supplied instead from wells and springs. In that year the then Scottish Executive announced plans for a mains supply to be provided at a cost of £1 million: a pipe was laid under Loch Linnhe and work was to begin on laying about 10 kilometres (6 mi) of pipes across Lismore. However, Scottish Water later decided to supply water from boreholes instead. The island

3825-507: The last lime was produced in 1934. The remains of another two kilns can be seen at Kilcheran near Lismore Seminary , a Roman Catholic divinity school that was in operation from 1803 to 1828 at a time when the other inhabitants of the island were staunchly Presbyterian . John Stuart McCaig , the architect of McCaig's Tower in Oban , was born on Lismore in the 19th century as was the folklorist Alexander Carmichael . Overlooking Lismore Bay

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3900-471: The male line shortly after the turn of the 20th century). Anyone whose birth is registered in Scotland, or who was legally adopted in Scotland, may apply to register a surname change . Children under the age of 16 are only allowed to change their surname once. For people over the age of 16, a total of three surname changes are allowed, however a period of five years must elapse between each successive name change. In some cases, surname changes are allowed if

3975-406: The man"). The sounds of his bagpipes could be heard throughout the island . When the piping ceased the dog emerged sightless and hairless but the piper was presumed to have drowned in one of the cave's impassable pools and was never seen again. His lament is recorded as: Another story has St Moluag and St Mulhac conducting a boat race across the Lynn of Lorn with the first to land on Lismore having

4050-518: The margins of Lismore are modern beach deposits and raised marine deposits of clay, silt and sand, the latter being a product of varying relative sea-levels during the Holocene epoch. The whole of Scotland was subjected to glaciation during the Pleistocene epoch . A sign of this on Lismore is the presence of rock-cut platforms close to the seashore that indicate the changing sea-levels; in some areas of

4125-457: The most recent reliable source for determining the most common surnames in Scotland. While the total bearers of specific surnames have grown in number over the years, such as the names of the most dominant clans, some Scottish surnames have completely died out in the country (for example, the family with the Hebridean surname MacUspaig , derived from a Gaelicised Norse personal name, died out in

4200-472: The most southerly examples of these enigmatic fortifications. There are also various duns on the island that may date to the 1st or 2nd centuries AD. Lismore was an important centre of Celtic Christianity from an early date. The Iona Chronicle records the death of Mo-Luóc (also known as Moluag), who was probably abbot of the Lismore monastery in 594, and of his successors Neman in 613 and Eochaid in 637. There is, however, no reason to suppose that this

4275-611: The name of a clan may be identical to the surname of another family, yet there is no etymological link between the employed surname, and there is no historical connection between the different families (for example, the Hebridean/Kintyre surname Brodie is not connected to the surname of the Brodies of Brodie , who were centred in Moray ). Similarly, a surname derived from a patronym, may be used by numerous unconnected families descended from

4350-534: The northern Hebrides, many of the indigenous surnames are derived from Gaelicised Norse personal names (for example, MacAmhlaigh → Macaulay , MacAsgaill → Macaskill , and MacLeòid → Macleod ). Such 'Norse' names in these areas are in complete contrast to the indigenous surnames of the adjacent islands and lands to the south. Some surnames brought to Scotland in the Middle Ages by English, or Anglo-Normans, are also derived from Norse personal names. Nearly all

4425-514: The northern coast, they also betray the presence of ice by the striation marks on the rocks. The island of Lismore lies in Loch Linnhe , north east of Mull , in the Argyll and Bute council area. It is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide and oriented from SW to NE, roughly parallel to the Great Glen Fault . To the east is an arm of Loch Linnhe known as

4500-522: The owners of the lands they lived on. In this way the bearers of these surnames may not have had any kinship with the landowners (the surname Gordon is an historical example of such a name). Some Scottish surnames are derived from vague geographical locations rather than specific places. These names are sometimes called "topographic names". These names refer to physical features, like forests, streams, and marshes; such names may also refer to man-made structures, such as castles and churches (for example

4575-593: The person receives a decree, or certificate of change, from the Lord Lyon King of Arms ; or if certain certified wills , settlements, or deeds of trust, contain conditions where a person must take a surname different from the one which they were registered at birth; or when a male has married and changed his surname following his marriage, and has received a decree or certificate from the Lord Lyon King of Arms. Surname changes can consist of substituting one surname for another (for example, from Brown to Johnson ); changing

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4650-431: The prefix are derived from Gaelic personal names; in areas along the Lowland border, the prefix was added to the diminutives of non-Gaelic personal names ending with the suffix -ie (for example, McRitchie , MacWillie ). Other Lowland, or English, diminutives of personal names ending with the suffixes -on , and -in , were borrowed by Gaelic speakers (for example Rankin to Macrankin , Gibbon to Macgibbon ). In

4725-412: The right to found a monastery there. Realising that he was going to lose, Moluag cut off his finger and threw it ashore north of the broch of Tirefour, enabling him to claim victory. The Book of the Dean of Lismore was compiled by the titular dean, James MacGregor, in the 15th century. Held in the National Library of Scotland , it is "one of the greatest treasures" of early Gaelic writing. However it

4800-606: The roll. Many Scottish surnames originate from names that were originally patronyms . Patronyms are derived from the forename of the bearer's father (for example, the full name of a man named John Donaldson indicates that the father's name was Donald ). Patronyms change with every successive generation (for example, the patronyms of a grandson, father, and grandfather may be John Donaldson , son of Donald Robertson , son of Robert Williamson ). The earliest patronyms recorded in Scotland are written in several different languages. In early Latin documents, such names were formed by

4875-401: The ruins of the old cathedral were trimmed down from their remaining height, given a roof and turned into a parish church with a bell tower. In the 19th century lime was quarried, particularly on the west coast. The ruined remains of the quarriers' cottages can still be seen on Eilean nan Caorach and Inn Island, and old lime kilns can be seen at Sailean, Port na Moralachd and Port Ramsay;

4950-499: The saint's crozier or pastoral staff known as the Bachuil Mòr . In 1707, the Acts of Union merged England and Scotland, and Lismore became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain . Thereafter taxes on whisky distillation rose dramatically, and much of Scotland's distillation was either shut down or forced underground until the 1823 Excise Act provided a legal framework for the industry. The remains of at least two illicit stills from this period have been found on Lismore. In 1749

5025-423: The same surname might be related. The position of the standing court of heraldry in Scotland, the Court of the Lord Lyon , considers that everyone who shares the same surname as a recognised chief, is a member of that chief's clan. In consequence, where a coat of arms already exists for the chief of a clan, or head of a family, when new grants of arms to individuals with the same surname are being discussed with

5100-406: The small island of Eilean Musdile to the south west, with Lady's Rock a kilometre further away in the same direction. Lismore has a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is Dunstaffnage on the mainland north of Oban. There are various Bronze Age cairns on the island. Tirefour Castle

5175-431: The spelling of the surname (for example, from Brown to Broun ); or changing surname by hyphenation (for example, from Brown to Brown-Johnson ) (see also: double-barrelled name ). In recent years, names that have been traditionally surnames have been used as given names , particularly in North America . These names are sometimes given to both males and females (for example, the given name Mackenzie , taken from

5250-572: The surnames Wood , Milne , and Shaw ). Sometimes names derived from proper names of geographical features can be classified as topographic names rather than habitational names. This is because these names refer to a location rather than a specific settlement. Many surnames are derived from the occupations, or trades , of their original bearers (for example, Stewart , Shepherd , Mason , Kemp , Webb , and Fletcher ). In time, true occupational surnames became hereditary and were passed down through families (for example, in 1525 there

5325-499: The surnames brought to Britain by the Normans were territorial names derived from lands on the continent. In some families where patronyms were used, once a man acquired lands in Britain he would assume his surname from these lands. Norman patronyms were made up of mainly three types of names: Germanic names derived from Frankish names; other Germanic names derived from Norse names; and Latin and Greek names, many of which were religious names. Many diminutive suffixes were introduced with

5400-484: The then Bishop John Scotus was unable to speak Gaelic. Lismore became the seat of the new bishop, and he and his successors were known as Episcopi Lismorenses but a papal mandate in 1249 proposed that the seat be transferred to "some more secure and accessible place". At least by 1268, Laurence de Ergadia became Bishop of Argyll and served in that position until his death in 1299. In the event St Moluag's cathedral at Clachan maintained its position until 1507, when

5475-476: The whole of Lismore, along with neighbouring areas on the mainland such as Benderloch and Port Appin , and the Shuna Island . The views from Barr Mòr, the island's highest point, are superlative. Although Barr Mòr is only of modest height, from there "the skyscape is vast and made so not by its emptiness, but by the throng of high and pointed hills lifting out of the glittering seas and islands. Nowhere else on

5550-516: Was a daughter house of Columba 's abbey on Iona itself. Lismore probably maintained its status as the principal religious house of the Cenél Loairn during the remainder of the 7th century and the deaths of abbots Iarnlaigh c. 700, Colmán in 704 and Crónán ua Eoain in 718 are recorded in the Annals of Ulster . Five further such obituaries are recorded in the latter half of the 8th century. Lismore

5625-535: Was part of the kingdom of Dalriada in the 6th century and probably thereafter until the arrival of the Vikings in the late 8th century, after which it is likely the island was absorbed into the Norse-Gael Kingdom of the Isles . Magnus Barelegs had established direct Norwegian overlordship over this sprawling sea kingdom by 1098. In that year, Edgar of Scotland signed a treaty with Magnus which settled much of

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