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44-744: Van Boxtel attended a Keizer Karel Gymnasium in Amstelveen from April 1966 until May 1973 and applied at the University of Amsterdam in June 1973 majoring in Medicine and obtaining a Bachelor of Medical Sciences degree in June 1975 before switching to Law and obtaining a Bachelor of Laws degree in May 1977 before graduating with a Master of Laws degree in July 1981. Van Boxtel worked as management consultant and legal advisor for

88-653: A frontbencher and the de facto Whip and spokesperson for Health , Social Work , Minorities , Welfare and deputy spokesperson for Housing and Spatial Planning , Kingdom Relations and Abortion. After the election of 1998 the new Leader of the Democrats 66 Els Borst opted to remain Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport in the Cabinet Kok II and unexpectedly announced that she was stepping down as Leader, Van Boxtel announced his candidacy to succeed her. Van Boxtel lost

132-596: A budget shortfall of 200 million euro. To address this, the number of broadcasting associations within the public system is to be reduced. Mergers and/or cooperations have been confirmed between existing broadcasting associations: There are currently eleven member-based broadcasting associations: In addition, there are now two official "public service broadcasters" created under the Media Act of 1988: The broadcasting organisations produce programmes for three main television channels and eight digital channels. Since 4 July 2009

176-583: A corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards ( AkzoNobel , Humanist Association and the International Union for Conservation of Nature ). In May 2003 Van Boxtel was named as Chief executive officer (CEO) of insurance company Menzis and in August 2004 he was also named as Chairman of the Board of directors. Van Boxtel also worked as a trade association executive for

220-1415: A temporary member <> signifies a member who prematurely left this Senate See also: Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2015–present See also: Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2012–present Keizer Karel College Look for Keizer Karel College on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Keizer Karel College in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

264-523: Is a group of organizations that are responsible for public service television and radio broadcasting in the Netherlands . It is composed of the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO) foundation, which acts as its governing body, and a number of public broadcasters. The Dutch Media Act 2008 regulates how air time is divided and puts the administration of the public broadcasting system in the hands of

308-520: Is to give a voice to each social group in multicultural Dutch society. The number of hours allocated to each broadcaster corresponds roughly to the number of members each organization can recruit (although this does not apply to NOS and NTR – see below). Since 2000, the system has been financed out of general taxation rather than from broadcast receiver licence fees. This is supplemented by a limited amount of on-air advertising (provided by STER ), which has been allowed since 1967. Nearly all viewers in

352-521: The NOS , charged with providing news and sport programmes as well as with the general coordination of the public system. A new Media Act in 1988 meant that broadcasters were no longer obliged to use production facilities supplied by the NOS. These facilities were spun off into a new private company, NOB. Programme quotas were introduced: Associations had to produce: A new media regulator ( Commissariaat voor de Media )

396-570: The NPS (Netherlands Programming Foundation). NOS was charged with providing news, sport and coverage of important live events, while the NPS provided cultural and children's programming. The previous NOS management was replaced by a three-person board, charged with developing strategies and responsibility for all public output. Programming co-ordinators were appointed for each of the television and radio networks, and channel identities were created, largely replacing

440-715: The Municipalities association (VNG) from August 1981 until February 1986 and a civil servant for the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) of the Ministry of Justice from February 1986 until August 1994. Van Boxtel became a Member of the House of Representatives after Jacob Kohnstamm was appointed as State Secretary for the Interior in the Cabinet Kok I after the election of 1994 , taking office on 30 August 1994 serving as

484-593: The RVU institutions merged into one public broadcaster, the NTR , delivering cultural, educational, current affairs and children's programmes to the public system. On 18 January 2010, Henk Hagoort, chairman of the NPO Management Board, announced a scaling back of the number of broadcasting associations using the public airwaves to 15 by 2015. He also warned of the threat of political parties which could influence programming in

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528-532: The Social and Economic Council ). In July 2015 Van Boxtel was named as Chief executive officer and Chairman of the Board of directors of the state-owned passenger railway operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)., a role in which he served until 30 September 2020, when he was succeeded by Marjan Rintel . Bold also signifies the President Brackets () signifies a temporary absent member Italics signifies

572-746: The Zorgverzekeraars Nederland (ZN) serving as Vice Chairman of the Executive Board from 20 January 2014 until 30 May 2015 and the Industry and Employers confederation (VNO-NCW) and as a media administrator for the public broadcaster Dutch Program Foundation (NPS) serving as Chairman of the Supervisory board from 1 January 2004 until 1 August 2008 and as a sport administrator for Professional footballclub AFC Ajax serving as Technical director from 1 November 2011 until 30 January 2012. Van Boxtel

616-475: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Keizer Karel College " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for

660-517: The election of 2002 Van Boxtel was re-elected to the House of Representatives but resigned his seat before the installation and announced his retirement from national politics, the Cabinet Kok II was replaced by the Cabinet Balkenende I on 22 July 2002. Van Boxtel semi-retired from national politics and became active in the private sector and public sector and occupied numerous seats as

704-419: The leadership election to Parliamentary leader Thom de Graaf on 30 May 1998. Following the cabinet formation of 1998 Van Boxtel was appointed as Minister for Integration and Urban Planning in the Cabinet Kok II , taking office on 3 August 1998. Van Boxtel served as acting Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations from 13 March 2000 until 24 March 2000 following the resignation of Bram Peper . After

748-468: The 2002 reorganization, the Dutch public broadcasting system was managed by NOS . In 2002, it was put under control of " Nederlandse Publieke Omroep " (Dutch Public Broadcasting foundation), abbreviated as NPO. According to Articles 2.2 and 2.19 of the Media Act, NPO was appointed as the governing organization of the public broadcasting system of the Netherlands until 2020; this concession was later extended until

792-512: The BBC's average annual licence fee income is 3.7 Billion GBP and the UK adult population is about 53 million (total population is 68 million), so the average cost per person is about 70 GBP. Since the very beginning in the early 1920s, public broadcasting in the Netherlands has been split into different broadcasting associations with their members composed of listeners and viewers. These associations were based on

836-721: The Dutch public broadcasting system is allocated funds from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. In 2018 the allocation was 794 million Euro with yearly revenues from advertising averaging around 200 million Euro. The cost to each adult Dutch citizen is approximately 45 Euro per year, which is on a similar level to VRT in Flemish Belgium (46 Euro). In comparison, the BBC in the United Kingdom gets its revenue from an annual household licence fee of 159 GBP, approx 188 Euro. As of 2020,

880-548: The NPO Board of Directors. In addition to the national broadcasters, there are also regional and local broadcasters in the Netherlands. Unlike most other countries' public broadcasting organizations – which are either national corporations (such as the BBC and France Télévisions / Radio France ), federations of regional public-law bodies (for example, ARD , SRG SSR ) or governmental and member-based institutions with their own channels and facilities (such as PBS ) – those in

924-558: The NPO Start website and through the apps for Android, iOS and Smart TV. NPO Start is free of charge and offers a variety of programmes shown on NPO 1 , NPO 2 and NPO 3 the past 7 days. There is a subscription premium service as well that is called NPO Plus . This service allows viewers to watch shows and TV series that were broadcast more than 7 days ago. There are also no commercial breaks. NPO Start launched on 4 July 2017. It replaced Uitzending Gemist launched in 2003. In addition to

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968-493: The Netherlands are member-based broadcasting associations that share common facilities. This arrangement has its origins in the system developed in the Netherlands early in the 20th century, known as pillarisation . Under this system the different religious and political streams of Dutch society (Catholics, Protestants, socialists, etc.) all have their own separate associations, newspapers, sports clubs, educational institutions, and also broadcasting organizations. Their stated aim

1012-476: The Netherlands receive most of their linear TV via cable, IPTV (DSL or fiber) or satellite systems. Regional public TV exists in parallel to the national system described below. Commercial television in the Netherlands began in 1989, with the Luxembourg -based RTL 4 . In 1992, the government of the Netherlands legalised commercial TV, and many new commercial channels have become established since then. Every year,

1056-582: The Socialist VARA and the liberal Protestant VPRO . Under the system of pillarisation in place at the time, each audience group was faithful to its pillar's broadcasting company. The programmes were funded by the associations' members. KRO and NCRV started their own station in 1927 with a transmitter also located in Huizen and built by the NSF. In 1930 the government regulated equal airtime for all organisations on

1100-410: The current system is still appropriate in this age of digital broadcasting. There were plans in the run-up to the 2002 general election to change the way broadcast companies are selected, and to abolish the member-based system completely. Vocal critics included Pim Fortuyn , the assassinated leader of his own right-wing party. However, currently the system is still the way it always has been. Prior to

1144-409: The different ideological sections of Dutch society, called Verzuiling ( pillarisation ). Catholics , Protestants and Socialists were the first groups to create their own institutions, including schools, hospitals, trades unions and political parties. When radio in the Netherlands started in the 1920s the existing groups quickly created their own broadcasting associations, producing programmes for

1188-451: The end of 2031. From September 2010, Minister of Culture and Education Ronald Plasterk approved the entry of new broadcasting associations PowNed and Wakker Nederland (WNL) into the public broadcasting system. Another association, MAX, was given full recognition and can increase its broadcasting hours. Conversely, LLiNK was withdrawn and no longer has access. Meanwhile, the NPS , Teleac and

1232-444: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Karel_College " Dutch public broadcasting system The Dutch public broadcasting system ( Dutch : Nederlands publiek omroepbestel )

1276-412: The government of the Netherlands legalised commercial television, and a number of new commercial channels were established. As a result, the market share of public television had fallen from 85% to 50% by 1994. Veronica decided to leave the public system after 20 years to become a commercial broadcaster. By 1996 the arrival of more private channels from RTL and SBS had further reduced the market share of

1320-752: The newer "open system" any company can become a broadcasting company and obtain radio and TV airtime. As of 2024, the primary requirements set out in the Media Act of 2008  [ nl ] require that new broadcasters provide additional diversity to the public broadcasting system, and that all associations attain - and continue to maintain - a certain number of members (currently 100,000; provisional status may be granted with 50,000 members). Such recruitment can be compared with that used for community or public broadcasting in other countries, with incentives such as magazines or other offers provided by some associations to attract membership. Many people question whether

1364-502: The number of members each association had. This allowed other organisations access to the public system, including the former commercial unlicensed broadcasters TROS and Veronica and the evangelical Christian EO to diversify programming. Advertising revenue was added, handled by an independent agency called STER. The Netherlands Radio Union (NRU) and the Netherlands Television Foundation (NTS) merged to form

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1408-422: The permanent HD service. Available via digital cable , satellite, and internet. The following digital and web channels are available via NPO Radioplayer . Channels are themed according to its parent network and/or the broadcasting association. Some of these channels appear on digital cable, on cable FM as well as the national DAB multiplex. NPO Start is an online video on demand service accessible through

1452-575: The primary radio network, Hilversum 1 . The first to start was the liberal AVRO , founded as radio broadcaster Hilversumsche Draadlooze Omroep (HDO) by the NSF transmitter factory in Huizen on 8 July 1923. The first regular radio broadcasts started on 21 July 1923. Airtime was rented to the various religious and political radio organisations—the Protestant NCRV , the Roman Catholic KRO ,

1496-466: The private sector and public sector and continued to occupy numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards ( Meteorological Institute , VU University Medical Center , Institute for Multiparty Democracy , J.C. Bloem-poëzieprijs and Museum de Fundatie ) and serves on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government ( Netherlands Film Fund , Public Pension Funds APB and

1540-640: The public broadcasting system. In September 2010 cuts to the public system took effect, with the existing eleven full-time broadcasting associations facing decisions about their futures. Part-time Islamic broadcasters NMO, NIO and the merged SMON were all withdrawn from the public system. In March 2012, NPO announced the closure of two of its digital television channels, Geschiedenis 24 ( History 24 ) and Consumenten 24 ( Consumer 24 ) on 1 April. History programmes transferred to Holland Doc 24 and consumer programmes are looked after by VARA via an online portal. From 2015, Netherlands Public Broadcasting will face

1584-481: The public networks to 40%. With the change in the television landscape, changes were made to strengthen the public sector. Its financial revenues were improved by an increase in advertising time and the indexation of the licence fee to the cost of living. In 1995 the programming duties of the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (Netherlands Broadcasting Foundation, NOS) were split in two, with the creation of

1628-504: The three main channels have been simulcast in 1080i high-definition . Most programming in the early stages is upscaled as in time more programmes will become available in native HD. In 2008 a temporary high-definition version of the Nederland 1 channel was created from 2 June to 24 August, to broadcast Euro 2008 , the 2008 Tour de France , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in HD before the launch of

1672-564: The two stations, and the semi-public broadcasting system was born. As a result, AVRO lost most of its airtime then (50%) to VARA and VPRO. The radio licence fee was introduced by the Nazi occupation during World War II ; the different broadcasting groups were urged by the Government to co-operate more with each other, and the Netherlands Radio Union ( Dutch : Nederlandse Radio Unie )

1716-438: The varying on-air presentation of the pillar broadcasters. The broadcasting associations also have a degree of input through a supervisory board. The market share of the public networks stabilized in 1999 at 38%, with the entry of a new broadcasting association, the first in 25 years. BNN ( Bart's News Network , later Bart's Neverending Network ) replaced Veronica as programme supplier to teenagers and young adults. Under

1760-586: Was created to regulate the public and private networks. The regulator could impose fines, with a programming fund designed to encourage cultural broadcasts. New rules for the cable industry were also introduced: the public networks were designated must-carry status. In anticipation of the launch of new commercial satellite channels, a third television network, Nederland 3 , launched in April 1988. Luxembourg -based RTL-Véronique began broadcasting in October 1989. In 1992,

1804-535: Was elected as a Member of the Senate after the Senate election of 2011 and was selected as Parliamentary leader of the Democrats 66 in the Senate, taking office on 7 June 2011. In September 2014 Van Boxtel announced his retirement from national politics and that he wouldn't stand for the Senate election of 2015 and continued to serve until the end of the parliamentary term on 9 June 2015. Van Boxtel retired after spending 21 years in national politics but remained active in

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1848-477: Was formed, producing joint programmes. The Netherlands Radio Union was one of 23 founding organisations of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in 1950. (The role of the Dutch representative to the European Broadcasting Union was later inherited by NOS , formed in 1969, and has since September 2002 been the responsibility of NPO .) 1951 saw the introduction of television , and a similar union

1892-541: Was founded: the Netherlands Television Foundation ( Dutch : Nederlandse Televisie Stichting ), supplying studios and facilities for the associations. These broadcasts would air on the Nederland 1 channel; a second channel, Nederland 2 , was launched in 1964. With the arrival of illegal offshore commercial radio stations , such as Radio Veronica in 1960 and Radio Noordzee in 1964, Hilversum 3

1936-460: Was launched in 1965 to provide a legal alternative and to steer audiences towards the public service channels. Hilversum 3 , along with the other two networks, were renamed as Radio 1 , Radio 2 and Radio 3 towards the late 1980s. In 1967 a Broadcasting Act was passed, providing for an official framework to supply the public with information, entertainment, culture and education, with time allocated to appointed broadcasting associations based on

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