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27-438: The Valley Music Theater was built in 1963, as a concrete shell structure, by pouring a concrete 'dome' over a rounded hill of soil, then excavating the soil away. The theater project was backed by entertainers Bob Hope and Art Linkletter , along with businessmen Cy Warner and Randolph Hale. The 2,865-seat facility opened July 6, 1964 with The Sound of Music . The first year saw the theater mount 18 musicals, three comedies,

54-462: A general store by new owner Paul Ream, the building stood until it was demolished in 2006 for new construction. Turtle Reams was built by first creating a mound of dirt in the desired shape of the shell, an ellipsoidal section 240 feet (73 m) long, 160 feet (49 m) wide and 40 feet (12 m) high. The mound was then covered in a grid of rebar , to provide strength, and a layer of concrete approximately 4 inches (100 mm) thick. After

81-646: A drama, as well as concerts with a combined audience of over 600,000. Among the performers who appeared at the Valley Music Theater were Sammy Davis Jr. , Johnny Carson , Don Rickles , Woody Allen , Ray Charles , Art Linkletter , Robert Goulet , Mitzi Gaynor , Eddie Fisher, Ike & Tina Turner , Peter, Paul & Mary , B.B. King , Lou Rawls , Three Dog Night , Jim Croce , and the Spiral Starecase . The Byrds , Buffalo Springfield , and The Doors appeared there together on February 22, 1967. It

108-406: A one-piece form. The form may be permanent or temporary and may or may not remain part of the finished structure. Monolithic domes are a form of monolithic architecture . The igloo may be the earliest form of monolithic dome. While it is constructed of blocks of compressed snow , these blocks melt and re-freeze to form a strong, homogeneous structure. The dome-like shape of the igloo exhibits

135-499: Is a porous material, concrete domes often have issues with sealing. If not treated, rainwater can seep through the roof and leak into the interior of the building. On the other hand, the seamless construction of concrete domes prevents air from escaping, and can lead to buildup of condensation on the inside of the shell. Shingling or sealants are common solutions to the problem of exterior moisture, and dehumidifiers or ventilation can address condensation. The oldest known concrete shell,

162-558: Is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete , usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses . The shells are most commonly monolithic domes , but may also take the form of hyperbolic paraboloids , ellipsoids , cylindrical sections, or some combination thereof. The first concrete shell dates back to the 2nd century. Most concrete shell structures are roofs. Concrete shell construction techniques are well suited for complex curves and are also used to build boat hulls (called ferroconcrete ). Historically, it

189-460: Is less surface for heat transfer with the outside air. The one piece construction of the monolithic dome also eliminates many of the seams through which air can leak, though this is mitigated to some degree in residential domes by the addition of multiple doors and windows. By placing the insulating foam on the outside of the concrete shell, the concrete acts as a thermal mass inside the building, reducing interior temperature fluctuations far more than

216-532: Is relatively inexpensive and easily cast into compound curves. Steel is often used in conjunction with concrete to reinforce the structure. The resulting structure may be immensely strong and safe; modern monolithic dome houses and the Miami Marine Stadium withstood hurricanes , and concrete shell structures survived the 1985 Mexico City earthquake . Concrete shells are widely considered to be strong enough to withstand even F5 tornadoes . Since concrete

243-488: Is the monolithic shell, which is cast as a single unit. The most common monolithic form is the dome, but ellipsoids and cylinders (resembling concrete Quonset huts / Nissen huts ) are also possible using similar construction methods. Thin concrete shell buildings became popular in Post Second World War France because of the cost effectiveness of using minimal quantities of concrete. Examples at Royan include

270-496: The Pantheon in Rome , was completed about AD 125, and is still standing. It has a massive concrete dome 43m in diameter, with an oculus at its centre. A monolithic structure, it appears to have been sculpted in place by applying thin layers on top of each other in decreasing diameter. Massively thick at the bottom and thinning (with aerated volcanic pumice as part of the concrete mix) at

297-604: The University of Illinois Assembly Hall , located in Champaign, Illinois was and is the first ever concrete-domed arena (see also the Gridshell -like Centennial Hall in Wrocław, Poland from 1913). The design of the new building, by Max Abramovitz, called for the construction of one of the world’s largest edge-supported structures. See Construction of Assembly Hall . The Seattle Kingdome

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324-645: The containment buildings at some nuclear power plants . Forms have been made using nearly every common structural material, including air-pressure-supported fabric. Modern construction differs significantly from the original concrete-over-dirt method. The current methods were developed by three brothers from Idaho: David, Barry, and Randy South. The first dome built using these method was constructed in April 1976 in Shelley, Idaho : In instances where necessity requires economical construction for multiple small and basic dwellings,

351-481: The Église Notre-Dame de Royan  [ fr ] and the Marché central de Royan  [ fr ] , whose roof reduces to just 80mm in thickness. Geodesic domes may be constructed from concrete sections, or may be constructed of a lightweight foam with a layer of concrete applied over the top. The advantage of this method is that each section of the dome is small and easily handled. The layer of concrete applied to

378-493: The concrete was cured, the dirt was excavated through the doorways, leaving the roof standing in its place. The floor was then poured to finish the structure. Today, monolithic domes are used in a variety of residential, commercial and industrial projects. Because of the strength, durability and economics, they are used to store large amounts of various commodities in the cement, fertilizer, agricultural, power and mining industries. Due to their structural integrity, they are used as

405-578: The dome can be built without insulation and the air form can be removed after completion and re-used to build additional domes. The dome, when finished, is earthquake , tornado and hurricane resistant (the US Federal Emergency Management Agency rates them as "near-absolute protection" from F5 tornadoes and Category 5 Hurricanes). Recently, a number of monolithic domes constructed using MDI techniques have survived major disasters: The demolition of Reams’ Turtle also demonstrated

432-427: The durability of the monolithic dome structure. A wrecking ball demolished a strip several feet wide around the perimeter of the structure, without a collapse. When a doorway on one side was pulled down, the dome finally tipped over, and collapsed. The monolithic dome, for a number of reasons, is very energy efficient. The spherical sections of the dome offer minimal surface area for the volume they contain, so there

459-453: The new electronics laboratory of 'Scoville Electronics & Manufacturing Co.' Exterior scenes showed the access road, parking area and main entrance of the building. By 2004, the church had outgrown the facility and sold the property, which it had bought for $ 1 million, to the developer JPI for $ 30 million. (LA Assessor's record Document 2014505 show sale at $ 25 million on 8/05/2004.) On Feb. 2017 The Watchtower requested release of funds from

486-465: The outside bonds the dome into a semi-monolithic structure. Monolithic domes are cast in one piece out of reinforced concrete and date back to the 1960s. Advocates of these domes consider them to be cost-effective and durable structures, especially suitable for areas prone to natural disasters. They also point out the ease of maintenance of these buildings. Monolithic domes can be built as homes, office buildings, or for other purposes. Completed in 1963,

513-494: The property was seized by Bank of America. The current owner is John Stanek of The Jefferson Project who has received preliminary approval May 27, 2011 for a mixed-use development consisting of retail shops and a maximum of 340 dwelling units. The project began in 2012, and remained under construction in 2013. In 2014, the site at 20600 Ventura Blvd. became The Boulevard Apartment Homes. Concrete shell A concrete shell , also commonly called thin shell concrete structure ,

540-400: The sale in the amount of $ 18.6 million from local participating congregation owners. The disparity in the sold amount + interest of ~14 years and funds released of $ 18.6 in 2017 was not disclosed. JPI Development of Texas demolished the Valley Music Theater building in 2007, and planned to erect 350 condominiums on the 8.3-acre site. In April 2009, JPI defaulted on its loan of $ 41.8 million and

567-458: The top, the Pantheon is a remarkable feat of engineering. Modern thin concrete shells, which began to appear in the 1920s, are made from thin steel reinforced concrete, and in many cases lack any ribs or additional reinforcing structures, relying wholly on the shell structure itself. Shells may be cast in place, or pre-cast off site and moved into place and assembled. The strongest form of shell

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594-416: The traditional home's insulation inside of a brick or stone veneer. While the monolithic dome has numerous demonstrated engineering advantages, there are also some disadvantages, both engineering and social. Social disadvantages of monolithic domes are to a large degree shared by geodesic domes , due to the similar shape and unorthodox construction. These disadvantages are: The largest monolithic dome in

621-477: The two major advantages of a dome-shaped structure: great strength, and good insulation. The strength is due to the natural strength of the arch , and the insulation is due to the minimal surface area of a spherical section. The first modern monolithic dome structure was built in Provo, Utah , by architect Lee C. Knell, and opened in 1963 as an ice skating rink. Called Turtle Reams after its 1967 conversion into

648-511: The world is the home of Faith Chapel Christian Center in Birmingham, Alabama , which is 72 feet (22 m) tall, and 280 feet (85 m) in diameter. Inside is a floor area of 74,500 square feet (6,920 m ) in two levels. Some communities in the United States have chosen to use monolithic dome technology in the construction of new schools. A residential house, the monolithic "Dome of

675-466: Was featured as a music venue in the 1967 film, The Cool Ones . By 1966 the theater began to fall on hard times. Over the years, the fare changed from legitimate theater, to rock concerts, to boxing matches, until in 1970's it became a Jehovah's Witness Regional Assembly Hall. In 1968, the front of the venue was used as a set in the TV series The Invaders on an episode called "Inquisition," where it portrayed

702-418: Was the world's first (and only) concrete-domed multi-purpose stadium. It was completed in 1976 and demolished in 2000. The Kingdome was constructed of triangular segments of reinforced concrete that were cast in place. Thick ribs provided additional support. Persons related Monolithic dome A monolithic dome (from Greek mono- and -lithic, meaning "one stone") is a thin-shell structure cast in

729-532: Was used by the British to create the Mulberry Harbours for the 1944 D-Day invasion of Normandy . Like the arch , the curved shapes often used for concrete shells are naturally strong structures, allowing wide areas to be spanned without the use of internal supports, giving an open, unobstructed interior. The use of concrete as a building material reduces both materials cost and construction costs, as concrete

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