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112-398: Valladolid ( Spanish: [baʎaðoˈlið] ) is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León . It has a population of 521,333 people in a total of 225 municipalities, an area of 8,110 km (3,130 sq mi) and a population density of 64.27 people per km. The capital is the city of Valladolid . It is bordered by

224-536: A denomination of origin . The province once served as the capital of the Castilian court and the former capital of the Empire during the reigns of Emperor Carlos I , Philip II and Philip III , which explains why to this day it remains pregnant with castles and strongholds. The capital has an important historical – artistic heritage and one of the more important museums of sculpture of Europe . The province of Valladolid

336-678: A Visigothic nobleman called Pelagius was elected princeps and became the leader of the Astures and of the Visigoths who had taken refuge in mountains. The Visigoths and their early kings were Arians and came into conflict with the Church in Rome, but after they converted to Nicene Christianity , the Church exerted an enormous influence on secular affairs through the Councils of Toledo . The Visigoths also developed

448-543: A civil war ensued between them. Hermenegild became the first Visigothic king to convert to Nicene Christianity due to his ties with the Romans, but he was defeated in 584 and killed in 585. By the end of his reign, Liuvigild had united the entire Iberian peninsula, including the Suebic Kingdom which he conquered in 585 during a Suebi civil war that ensued after the death of King Miro . Liuvigild established amicable terms with

560-512: A conspiracy, and many were enslaved, especially those who had converted from Christianity. Egica also raised his son Wittiza as coruler in 698. Not much is known about his reign, but a period of civil war quickly ensued between his sons (Achila and Ardo) and King Roderic, who had seized Toledo. In 711, Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Muslim Berber client of Musa bin Nusair , the governor of Islamic Africa, invaded Spain with about 7,000 Berber men, while Roderic

672-621: A fact which Odoacer formally accepted in a treaty. By 500, the Visigothic Kingdom, centered at Toulouse , controlled Gallia Aquitania and Gallia Narbonensis and most of Hispania with the exception of the Suebic Kingdom of Galicia in the northwest and small areas controlled by independent Iberian peoples, such as the Basques and the Cantabrians . Euric's son Alaric II (484–507) issued

784-657: A great importance in the Discovery of the Americas in 1492 ( Christopher Columbus will end up living the last years of his life until his death in 1506 in Valladolid) and the subsequent colonization with explorers such as Juan Ponce de León -discoverer of the Florida (United States)-. In fact, in some houses of Tordesillas , was signed the Treaty of Tordesillas which decided to the cast of

896-434: A great strategic importance because it is an important communications hub. From the national point of view, is the track that connects Madrid with all the north of Spain, from Vigo ( Galicia ) until San Sebastián ( Basque Country ). From the international point of view, here goes the shortest land route that connects Portugal with France, from the north of Portugal ( Porto ) to the south of France ( Hendaye ). The path of

1008-403: A highly educated nobleman was king Sisebut , who was a patron of learning and writer of poems, one of them about astronomy. These kings and leaders – with the exception of Fritigern and possibly Alavivus – were pagans. These kings were Arians (followers of the theological teaching of Arius ). They tended to succeed their fathers or close relatives on the throne and thus constitute

1120-560: A mountainous landscape of hills witnesses, such as the Montes Torozos, San Cristobal hill (843 m) and the Sardanedo (854 m); a countryside location of soft hills; and by separating one and another, the so-called "hills", deep gorges with steep slopes, such as the width of Prado, Santovenia, Cabezon de Pisuerga, etc... It is the only peninsular province with absolutely no mountains (obviously it has no coastline either), and also - together with

1232-564: A new body of laws, the Breviarium Alarici , and held a church council at Agde . The Visigoths now came into conflict with the Franks under their King Clovis I , who had conquered northern Gaul. Following a brief war with the Franks, Alaric was forced to put down a rebellion in Tarraconensis, probably caused by recent Visigoth immigration to Hispania due to pressure from the Franks. In 507,

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1344-591: A new offensive. Reccared's son Liuva II became king in 601 but was deposed by the Visigothic noble Witteric (603–610), ending the short-lived dynasty. There were various Visigothic Kings between 610 and 631, and this period saw constant regicide. This period also saw the definitive conquest of the Byzantine territories in the south. War continued in the north against the Basques and Asturians , as indeed it would continue for

1456-451: A palace complex and mint, but it lay in ruins by the 9th century (after the Arab conquest). At a slightly later date, Liuvigild founded a city he named Victoriacum after his victory over the Basques. Though it is often supposed to survive as the city of Vitoria , contemporary 12th-century sources refer to the latter city's foundation by Sancho VI of Navarre . Liuvigild's son and namesake of

1568-409: A possible fifth city is ascribed to them by a later Arabic source. All of these cities were founded for military purposes and three of them in celebration of victory. The first, Reccopolis , was founded by Liuvigild in 578 after his victory over the Franks, near what is today the tiny village of Zorita de los Canes . He named it after his son Reccared and built it with Byzantine imitations, containing

1680-572: A province is the Provincial council , but their existence is controversial . As the province is defined as a "local entity" in the Constitution, the Provincial council belongs to the sphere of local government . The layout of Spain's provinces closely follows the pattern of the territorial division of the country carried out in 1833 . The only major change of provincial borders since that time has been

1792-461: A residence card in Valladolid numbering 25,324. Most of the population of Valladolid, 65.4%, is between 16 and 64 years ( INE 2006). 17.7% are aged 65 years or more and 16.9% are children or adolescents. Total Population of the province (2021) Nº people by age The twenty most populated municipalities in the province of Valladolid are the following ( INE of 2023): Taking into account that

1904-423: A revolt by the army and by Gallo-Romans under Aegidius; as a result, Romans under Severus and the Visigoths fought other Roman troops, and the revolt ended only in 465. In 466, Euric , who was the youngest son of Theodoric I , came to the Visigothic throne. He is infamous for murdering his elder brother Theodoric II who had himself become king by murdering his elder brother Thorismund . Under Euric (466–484),

2016-533: A theologian and poet who, after he had fled to the Frankish kingdom, participated in the Carolingian Renaissance . A Muslim source referred to Visigothic Seville as the "abode of the sciences". The Institutionum disciplinae from the mid seventh/early eight century confirms that Visigothic nobles were not only taught in reading and writing but also in science, medicine, law and philosophy. An example of

2128-504: Is characterized by its uniform terrain (777 metres on average with a maximum difference in altitude of 300 metres), making it the most geographically homogeneous province in Spain. The Douro river , which crosses it from east to west, becomes the backbone of the territory. It is dominated by an extensive plain in which are distinguished: A moorlands fells area defined by the valleys of different rivers, some of which stand out in altitude causing

2240-410: Is evidence that indicates that they also occupied territories corresponding to other provinces). By then, it was already defined for the chronicles as a region "free and discovered" and "an open country, wheat fields, deforested land" and the vacceos were involved in livestock farming and especially agriculture (cereals). In the year 178 BC, the Romans conquered the territory. Thus the lands that make up

2352-517: Is given, together with an indication of the autonomous community to which it belongs and a link to a list of municipalities in the province. The names of the provinces and their capitals are ordered alphabetically according to the form in which they appear in the main Misplaced Pages articles describing them. Unless otherwise indicated, their Spanish-language names are the same; locally valid names in Spain's other co-official languages ( Basque , Catalan , which

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2464-708: Is officially called Valencian in the Valencian Community , Galician ) are also indicated where they differ. Visigothic Kingdom The Visigothic Kingdom , Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths ( Latin : Regnum Gothorum ) occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire , it

2576-458: Is one of the European regions with more castles and that they are being improved for the use and enjoyment of all people. The importance of the castles in this territory was such that it have an own type of model called escuela de Valladolid ("School of Valladolid"). These are the preserved castles in the province of Valladolid: The monasteries are another of the most important cultural heritages of

2688-530: Is one of the most advanced in terms of museums taking some of the most important of Castile and Leon and of Spain. Holy Week holds ("Semana Santa" in Spanish) one of the best known Catholic traditions in the province. Is the annual commemoration of the Passion of Jesus Christ celebrated by Catholic religious brotherhoods and fraternities that perform penance processions on the streets of each city and town during

2800-609: Is specially recognized for its processions of Holy Week , as much in the capital as in the localities of Medina de Rioseco and Medina del Campo . In addition, the province has two UNESCO world heritage sites within its category Memory of the World Programme : the Treaty of Tordesillas and the Archivo General de Simancas . The province of Valladolid was established as such by the Royal Decree of 29 September 1833 driven by

2912-484: Is to be identified with modern Olite . The possible fifth Visigothic foundation is Baiyara (perhaps modern Montoro ), mentioned as founded by Reccared in the Geography of Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar . The Visigothic rule has often been misattributed to be a part of the so-called Dark Ages , a time of supposedly cultural and scientific decay. Through the course of their existence the Visigoths supposedly remained "men of

3024-610: The Battle of Narbonne in 436, but then in 439 at the Battle of Toulouse the Visigoths defeated the allied forces of Romans and Huns. By 451, the situation had reversed and the Huns had invaded Gaul ; now Theodoric fought under Flavius Aetius against Attila the Hun in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains . Attila was driven back, but Theodoric was killed in the battle. The Vandals completed

3136-585: The Danube Valley . They became foederati of Rome, and wanted to restore the Roman order against the hordes of Vandals , Alans and Suebi . The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD; therefore, the Visigoths believed they had the right to take the territories that Rome had promised in Hispania in exchange for restoring the Roman order. Under King Euric —who eliminated the status of foederati—a triumphal advance of

3248-547: The Douro River and its tributaries ( Pisuerga , Esgueva , Adaja , Eresma , Duratón , Zapardiel and Cega , among others) and completed with the Canal de Castilla and the Canal of Douro. There is only one relevant lake: Laguna de Duero . The province has four reservoirs: Encinas de Esgueva, San José , Bajoz and Valdemudarra, all built in the 20th century, except for the last one which

3360-585: The Garonne River between Bordeaux and Toulouse in Aquitaine during the 5th century, according to contemporary sources under the terms of the late Roman Empire as foederatii , or allies, and assigned billeting obligations to provide lodging for Roman soldiers, more or less as the imperial military had done in other provinces. Later in the century, following annexations made by King Euric in Gaul and Hispania once

3472-664: The Kingdom of the Suebi in Gallaecia (corresponding roughly to present-day Galicia and the northern part of Portugal ) and annexing it, and by repeated campaigns against the Basques . The ethnic distinction between the Hispano-Roman population and the Visigoths had largely disappeared by this time (the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when

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3584-618: The Ostrogothic Kingdom , who invaded and defeated him at Barcelona . Gesalec fled and regrouped, but was defeated again at Barcelona , and was captured and killed. Theodoric then installed his grandson Amalaric (511–531), the son of Alaric II, as king. Amalaric, however, was still a child and power in Spain remained under the Ostrogothic general and regent, Theudis . Only after Theodoric's death (526) did Amalaric obtain control of his kingdom. His rule did not last long, as in 531, Amalaric

3696-551: The Rhone and the Loire rivers which comprised most of southern Gaul. He also occupied the key Roman cities of Arles and Marseilles . In his campaigns, Euric had counted on a portion of the Gallo-Roman and Hispano-Roman aristocracy who served under him as generals and governors. The Visigothic Kingdom was formally recognized as an independent kingdom in former Roman territory instead of having

3808-635: The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) Valladolid was the "most significant regional nucleus" of Falangism in the Spanish Second Republic , garnering the second-highest provincial vote for the party in the otherwise dismal (for Falangists) elections of 1936 , just behind Cadiz. The province was controlled by Franco's Nationalists throughout the Civil War . During the Franco period there was an exodus from

3920-647: The Spanish High Speed ( AVE ) in the province of Valladolid has stops in the towns of Valladolid , Olmedo and Medina del Campo as part of the following lines: Madrid–Valladolid high-speed rail line , Madrid–León high-speed rail line, Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line and the "bypass" near Olmedo, which is under construction and will connect the Madrid-Valladolid line with the Madrid-Galicia line. The future Atlantic Corridor (CORR 7), which belongs to

4032-574: The Valladolid Airport , located in Villanubla , which handled 172,006 passengers, 7,268 aircraft movements and 6.317 tons of cargo in 2022. Has become one of the core subjects of passengers of Castile and León. Has travel to destinations such as Alicante , Barcelona , Palma de Mallorca , Ibiza , Menorca , Gran Canaria , Tenerife South , Lanzarote , Valencia , Malaga . Also there are number of small private airfields. The Valladolid Province

4144-581: The province of Almería - the one with the least wooded area (less than 16% of the territory). The highest point is in Castrillo de Duero and is the Cuchillejos hill (933 m). The lowest point is the Douro river passing by Villafranca de Duero (626 m). Therefore, it is also the only province of Castile and León that does not reach 1000 m above sea level at any point in its territory. Hydrographic network dominated by

4256-520: The 1978 Constitution . Consequently, no province is divided between these communities. The importance of the provinces has declined since the adoption of the system of autonomous communities in the period of the Spanish transition to democracy . They nevertheless remain electoral districts for national elections. Provinces are also used as geographical references: for instance in postal addresses and telephone codes. National media will also frequently use

4368-437: The 40 registered inhabitants. The province has a total of 188 monuments considered as objects of Cultural Interest. A large part of them are castles, churches and historical sites, although there are also archaeological sites or files. In the case of the churches and monasteries are wide variety of architectural styles, including the preromanesque , romanesque , gothic , renaissance and baroque . The province of Valladolid

4480-500: The Franks attacked again, this time allied with the Burgundians . Alaric II was killed at the Battle of Campus Vogladensis ( Vouillé ) near Poitiers , and Toulouse was sacked. By 508, the Visigoths had lost most of their Gallic holdings save Septimania in the south. After Alaric II's death, his illegitimate son Gesalec took power until he was deposed by Theodoric the Great , ruler of

4592-469: The Franks through royal marriages, and they remained at peace throughout most of his reign. Liuvigild also founded new cities, such as Reccopolis and Victoriacum ( Vitoria ), the first barbarian king to do so. On becoming King, Liuvigild's son Reccared I (586–601) converted from Arian to Chalcedonian Christianity . This led to some unrest in the kingdom, notably a revolt by the Arian bishop of Mérida which

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4704-732: The Muslims and the Christian Kingdom of León in the first half of the eleventh century. In 939, after the Battle of Simancas clinched the domain of the basin of the Douro river by the Christian kingdoms. Valladolid was founded in the year 1072 by Count Pedro Ansúrez. From here its history was linked to that of the Crown of Castile . In fact, cities such as Medina del Campo or Valladolid became important administrative centers Castilians and also experienced an economic boom ( mesta , fairs ... ). Had

4816-797: The New World between the Catholic Monarchs and the Kingdom of Portugal giving rise to Latin America . The revolt of the comuneros in the year 1520, which ended with the ringleaders of that revolt publicly executed in Villalar de los Comuneros . Valladolid became the capital of the Spanish empire between the years 1601–1606. When the Spanish Empire began to decline due to the continuing wars in which this involved and

4928-637: The Roman Empire of the West had collapsed, specially after the Battle of Vouille , many Goths and their federated peoples, such as the Vandals , Ostrogoths and Sarmatians , moved to settle more freely under their kindred clans' rulers, the reiks , who received dukedom territories or comital offices as counts over smaller territories or key urban locations within the provinces of Hispania and in southwestern Gaul and its Mediterranean coast. Their settlements were made around

5040-549: The Roman cities of Emerita Augusta (Mérida), Barcino (Barcelona), Hispalis (Seville), Toletum (Toledo) and Septimanian Narbonne, which would be the main bases of Gothic power politically as well as militarily during the rest of the kingdom's history, as well as other settlements that were dispersed in rural farming areas between the upper reaches of the Douro , Ebro and Tagus rivers, in an area between Tierra de Campos , also known as Campi Gothorum , around Central Castile and León and Rioja , and Toledo to

5152-549: The UN's Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB). Most of the provinces are named after their capital town —with the exceptions of Álava , Asturias , Biscay , Cantabria , Gipuzkoa , the Balearic Islands , La Rioja , and Navarre , and a name reduction in Las Palmas and Castellón — and biggest town —with the exception of Pontevedra ( Vigo ), Asturias ( Gijón ) and Cádiz ( Jerez ). Only two capitals of autonomous communities— Mérida in Extremadura and Santiago de Compostela in Galicia —are not also

5264-425: The Vandals, Alans and Suebi. In 418, Honorius rewarded his Visigothic federates under King Wallia (reigned 415–418) by giving them land in the Garonne valley of Gallia Aquitania on which to settle. This probably took place under the system of hospitalitas . It seems likely that at first the Visigoths were not given a large amount of land estates in the region (as previously believed), but that they acquired

5376-483: The Visigothic capital, were heavily influenced by the contemporary Byzantine architecture. When the Muslims looted Spain during their conquest they were amazed by the fine and innumerable Visigothic treasures. A few of these treasures were preserved as they were buried during the Muslim invasions – e.g., the votive crowns from the treasure of Guarrazar . While only the senior monks were allowed to read books of non-Christian or heretic authors this did not prevent

5488-404: The Visigothic kingdom lost much of its territory in Gaul to the Franks in the early 6th century, save the narrow coastal strip of Septimania . The kingdom of the 6th and 7th centuries is sometimes called the Regnum Toletanum or Kingdom of Toledo after the new capital of Toledo in Hispania. A civil war starting in 549 resulted in an invitation from the Visigoth Athanagild , who had usurped

5600-458: The Visigoths began expanding in Gaul and consolidating their presence in the Iberian peninsula. Euric fought a series of wars with the Suebi who retained some influence in Lusitania and brought most of this region under Visigothic power, taking Emerita Augusta ( Mérida ) in 469. Euric also attacked the Western Roman Empire, capturing Hispania Tarraconensis in 472, the last bastion of (Western) Roman rule in Spain. By 476, he had extended his rule to

5712-499: The Visigoths began. Alarmed at Visigoth expansion from Aquitania after victory over the Gallo-Roman and Breton armies at Déols in 469, Western Emperor Anthemius sent a fresh army across the Alps against Euric, who was besieging Arles . The Roman army was crushed in the Battle of Arles nearby and Euric then captured Arles and secured much of southern Gaul. Sometimes referred to as the Regnum Tolosae or Kingdom of Toulouse after its capital Toulouse in modern historiography,

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5824-530: The Visigoths renounced Arianism in 589). This newfound unity found expression in increasingly severe persecution of outsiders, especially the Jews . The Visigothic Code , completed in 654, abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Hispano-Romans and for Visigoths. The 7th century saw many civil wars between factions of the aristocracy. Despite good records left by contemporary bishops, such as Isidore and Leander of Seville , it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish Goths from Hispano-Romans, as

5936-724: The area are that of a typical Mediterranean plateau , such as: European rabbit , red squirrel , European hedgehog , common vole , partridge , little and great bustards , white stork , barn swallow , European robin , common cuckoo , common nightingale , common woodpigeon , Eurasian magpie , mallard , greylag goose , Spanish and House sparrows , Perez's frog , Montagu's harrier , western marsh harrier , hen harrier , peregrine falcon , short-toed snake eagle , lesser kestrel , common crane , pin-tailed sandgrouse , Geoffroy's bat , trout , common carp , crayfish , Eurasian otter , shrew , Iberian hare , roe deer , wild boar , red fox and grey wolf . The per capita GDP of

6048-438: The basic network of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), will be a passenger and freight rail corridor connecting the ports of the Atlantic coast with the interior and the rest of Europe. It should be completed before 2031. There is one publicly owned railway company operating: the Spanish national Renfe that operates long-distance and high speed rail services ( AVE , Avant and Talgo ). The province has one airport;

6160-692: The capital, derived from agriculture (pasta, flour, chocolate, sugar, etc. ), textiles, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing (FASA-Renault), chemical, construction, paper, graphic arts, etc. In addition to the capital city Valladolid , stand out the populations of Medina del Campo , Peñafiel , Tordesillas , Tudela de Duero , Laguna de Duero , Íscar , Olmedo and Pedrajas de San Esteban (this last, due to its large production of pine nut ) The top 10 companies by economic billing in 2013 were: Renault-España , Michelin , Iveco , El Árbol, Aquagest ( Grupo Agbar ), Lauki ( Lactalis ), Begar, ACOR, Grupo Norte and Queserías Entrepinares. The province of Valladolid has

6272-410: The capitals of provinces. Seven of the autonomous communities comprise no more than one province each: Asturias, the Balearic Islands, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid , Murcia , and Navarre. These are sometimes referred to as "uniprovincial" communities. Ceuta , Melilla , and the plazas de soberanía are not part of any province. The table below lists the provinces of Spain. For each, the capital city

6384-414: The cities in Gallaecia, part of the Suebi Kingdom quite brutally: they massacred a portion of the population and even attacked some holy places, probably due to the clergy's support of the Suebi. Theodoric took control over Hispania Baetica , Carthaginiensis and southern Lusitania . In 461, the Goths received the city of Narbonne from the emperor Libius Severus in exchange for their support. This led to

6496-426: The conquest of North Africa when they took Carthage on October 19, 439, and the Suebi had taken most of Hispania. The Roman emperor Avitus now sent the Visigoths into Hispania. Theodoric II (453–466) invaded and defeated the king of the Suebi, Rechiarius , at the battle on the river Órbigo in 456 near Asturica Augusta ( Astorga ) and then sacked Bracara Augusta ( Braga ), the Suebi capital. The Goths sacked

6608-401: The current province came under their occupation, up to the barbarian invasions of the early fifth century AD when the province came under the control of the new Visigothic Kingdom . After the invasion of the Iberian peninsula by the Muslims in the year 711, the Muslims arrived in these lands just a year later, in 712. Later, during the Reconquista , this area was the subject of battles between

6720-406: The division of the Province of Canary Islands into the provinces of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife . Historically, the provinces served mainly as transmission belts for policies enacted in Madrid, as Spain was a highly centralised state for most of its modern history. The provinces were the "building-blocks" from which the autonomous communities were created following processed defined in

6832-402: The driest season and can overcome with great frequency 30 °C, reaching sporadically over 35 °C. However, in winter it is frequent that the temperatures fall to 0 °C, producing ice in cloudless nights and snow sporadically. When frost combines with fog, that is called hard rime , a very characteristic phenomenon of the area, like frost . This northern region of Spain, along with

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6944-462: The east and south. After the fall of the Galician Kingdom of the Suebi , some further settlements were made along the Tagus river north of Lisbon , by Oporto and Astorga former strongholds of the Suebi . Little Visigothic settlement occurred elsewhere in the kingdom. The Visigoths founded the only new cities in Western Europe between the fifth and eighth centuries. It is certain (through contemporary Spanish accounts) that they founded four, and

7056-425: The emergence of new emerging powers, there was an economic decline in the area, as in the rest of the Spanish monarchy. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1715) It positioned the side of the Bourbon pretender, that would be the one who got the throne. In the Peninsular War against France (1808–1814), there were a succession of small battles and the continued action of guerrillas as " The Undaunted ". In

7168-405: The first Visigothic city founded his own sometime around 600. It is referred to by Isidore of Seville as Lugo id est Luceo in the Asturias , built after a victory over the Asturians or Cantabri . The fourth and possibly final city of the Goths was Ologicus (perhaps Ologitis ), founded using Basque labour in 621 by Swinthila as a fortification against the recently subjected Basques. It

7280-431: The governor of Ifriqiya , arrived with another army of 18,000, with large Arab contingents. He took Mérida in 713 and invaded the north, taking Saragossa and León , which were still under King Ardo, in 714. After being recalled by the Caliph , Musa left his son Abd al-'Aziz in command. By 716, most of the Iberian Peninsula was under Islamic rule, with Septimania taken between 721 and 725. The only effective resistance

7392-482: The highly influential legal code known in Western Europe as the Visigothic Code ( Latin : Liber Iudiciorum ), which would become the basis for Spanish law throughout the Middle Ages . From 407 to 409 AD, an alliance of Germanic Vandals , Iranian Alans and Germanic Suebi crossed the frozen Rhine and swept across modern France and into the Iberian Peninsula. For their part, the Visigoths under Alaric famously sacked Rome in 410 , capturing Galla Placidia ,

7504-399: The influence of the sea, that is why the temperatures are the most extreme of Spain, with a lot of heat summers and winters quite cold with a swing of 18.5 Cº . According to the Köppen climate classification , the main climate in the province in the 1981-2010 reference period is of type Csa ( Hot-summer Mediterranean climate ) and type Csb ( Warm-summer Mediterranean climate ). Summer is

7616-423: The king, replacing him with Chintila (636–639). The church councils were now the most powerful institution in the Visigothic state; they took the role of regulating the process of succession to the kingship by election of the king by Gothic noble 'senators' and the church officials. They also decided to meet on a regular basis to discuss ecclesiastical and political matters affecting the Church. Finally, they decided

7728-415: The kings should die in peace, and declared their persons sacred, seeking to end the violence and regicides of the past. Despite all this, another coup took place and Chintila was deposed in 639, and King Tulga took his place; he was also deposed in the third year of his reign and the council elected the noble Chindaswinth as king. The reigns of Chindaswinth and his son Recceswinth saw the compilation of

7840-480: The kingship, to the Byzantine emperor Justinian I to send soldiers to his assistance. Athanagild won his war, but the Byzantines took over Cartagena and a good deal of southern Hispania, until 624 when Swinthila expelled the last Byzantine garrisons from the peninsula, occupying Orcelis , which the Visigoths called Aurariola (today Orihuela in the Province of Alicante ). Starting in the 570s Athanagild's brother Liuvigild compensated for this loss by conquering

7952-445: The last week of Lent , the week immediately before Easter . Provinces of Spain The boundaries of provinces can only be altered by the Spanish Parliament, giving rise to the common view that the 17 autonomous communities are subdivided into 50 provinces . In reality the system is not hierarchical but defined according to jurisdiction ( Spanish : competencias ). The body charged with government and administration of

8064-454: The minister Javier de Burgos , being attached to the historic region of Old Castile . The first stable population that settled in the present province were the pre-Roman Vaccaei people (Spanish name: vacceos, the area that they inhabited is called "Región Vaccea") who belonged to a very advanced culture when the rest of the Celtic peoples arrived in the peninsula from the north of Europe (there

8176-478: The monarchy at the expense of the nobility; he executed some 700 nobles, forced dignitaries to swear oaths, and in the seventh council of Toledo laid down his right to excommunicate clergy who acted against the government. He was also able to maneuver his son Recceswinth on the throne, sparking a rebellion by a Gothic noble who allied with the Basques, but was put down. Recceswinth (653–672) held another council of Toledo, which reduced sentences for treason and affirmed

8288-601: The most important Visigothic law book, the Liber Iudiciorum ( Spanish : Fuero Juzgo , English : Book of Judgements), also called Lex Visigothorum or the Visigothic Code promulgated by king Chindaswinth (642–653 AD) and completed in 654 by his son, king Recceswinth (649–672), abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Hispano-Romans and Visigoths. The new laws applied to both Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations who had been under different laws in

8400-679: The north of Spain, from Vigo in Galicia to San Sebastián in the Basque Country , and from an international point of view, it is on the shortest land route connecting Porto in the north of Portugal with Hendaye in the south of France . The cuisine of the province is like that of Castile—meats and roasts occupy a central place. One of the most typical dishes is lechazo , a dish made from unweaned lambs, similar to veal. Suckling pig , black pudding , sausages and sheep's milk cheeses and breads are also traditional. The province has five wines with

8512-435: The past, and it replaced all older codes of law. The code included old laws by past kings, such as Alaric II in his Breviarium Alarici , and Leovigild, but many were also new laws. The code was based almost wholly on Roman law, with some influence of Germanic law in rare cases. Among the eliminated old laws were the harsh laws against Jews. The Liber showed the old system of military and civil divisions in administration

8624-462: The population of Valladolid , Laguna de Duero , Arroyo de la Encomienda and Medina del Campo represent almost 75% of the total of the 23 municipalities in the metropolitan area of Valladolid, there is a clear demographic contrast with highly depopulated areas of a marked rural character; among the more uninhabited areas of the province are Aguasal , Torrecilla de la Torre , Almenara de Adaja , San Salvador , and Fontihoyuelo , which do not exceed

8736-439: The power of the councils to elect kings. Following Recceswinth, King Wamba (672–680) was elected king. He had to deal with Flavius Paulus ' revolts in Tarraconensis and Hilderic of Nimes , and because of this, he felt a need to reform the army. He passed a law declaring all dukes, counts and other military leaders, as well as bishops, had to come to the aid of the kingdom once danger became known or risk harsh punishment. Wamba

8848-809: The province are 40.2 °C recorded on July 19, 1995 at the Valladolid observatory and -18.8 °C recorded at the Villanubla observatory on January 3, 1971, as far as temperatures are concerned. The strongest wind gust recorded was 133 km/h on January 24, 1971, while the maximum accumulated precipitation in a single day was 90.8 l/m² on December 5, 1951. Vegetation is typical of plateau (700–800 meters above sea level), with various species of pine ( pinus pinea and pinus pinaster ), holm oak ( quercus ilex ), oak ( quercus pyrenaica and quercus faginea ), Cork oak ( quercus suber ), elms , poplars , fraxinus , willows , alders , populus , honeysuckles carrizos , steeples , bush and pastures . In general, animals found in

8960-501: The province is €24,751 per year in 2010 (more or less $ 32,176). If you take the Spanish average as an index with value 100, the province obtained a 109% over this index so exceed the national per capita GDP. The total GDP of the province amounted to €13,000,403,000 (more or less $ 16.900 billion). Agriculture dedicated to the cultivation of cereals (wheat and barley), legumes, sugar beets, alfalfa, vegetables and vines. Important livestock. Intense industrial activity especially concentrated in

9072-457: The province to disambiguate small towns or communities whose names occur frequently throughout Spain. A small town would normally be identified as being in, say, Valladolid province rather than the autonomous community of Castile and León . In addition, organisations outside Spain use provinces for statistical analysis and policy making and in comparison with other countries including NUTS , OECD , FIPS , CIA World Factbook , ISO 3166-2 and

9184-535: The province. Some of them are in perfect condition and others are only preserved ruins. Some of the most important are The Provincial government is developing a program called "Cultural Travel" with the intention of bringing the population not only of Valladolid but of all Spain the rich collection of the historical province and the rich cultural heritage of the province of Valladolid to know and be able to learn, to understand, appreciate and enjoy this legacy (castles, palaces, churches, museums, gastronomy...). The province

9296-445: The provinces of Zamora , León , Palencia , Burgos , Segovia , Ávila , and Salamanca . It is thus the only Spanish province surrounded entirely by other provinces of the same autonomous community. It is the only peninsular province which has no mountains. Because the extensive plain on which the province lies is important to overland transport, it is a major communications hub. From a national point of view it connects Madrid with

9408-744: The regions around the Pyrenees with the establishment of the Marca Hispanica from 760 to 785 by the Frankish Empire . The Berbers settled in the south and the Meseta Central in Castile . Initially, the Muslims generally left the Christians alone to practise their religion, although non-Muslims were subject to Islamic law and treated as second-class citizens. Visigothic settlements were concentrated along

9520-511: The rest of the Visigothic Kingdom's existence. These Kings also worked on religious legislature, especially King Sisebut (612–621), who passed several harsh laws against Jews and forced many Jews to convert to Christianity. Sisebut was also successful against the Byzantines, taking several of their cities, including Málaga . The Byzantines were finally defeated by Swinthila (621–631), who had captured all of their Spanish holdings by 625. Suinthila

9632-453: The rest of the areas with this climate, mainly due to the scarcity of mountains in this province and the altitude, which is between 50 and 200 meters lower on average than in the whole of Castilla y León. Therefore, the province of Valladolid has the most comfortable climate of all the northern plateau, with an average annual temperature of 11.8Cº. Its average annual rainfall ranges between 400 and 600 millimeters per year, distributed throughout

9744-517: The rest of the provinces of Castile and Leon , is the coldest region in South Europe. Rainfall follows a very similar pattern to that of the typical Mediterranean climate, reaching between 400 and 600 mm , with a peak during Spring and Autumn. The declining influence of the sea, however, makes it a drier climate than the typical. In the province of Valladolid the continental Mediterranean climate has temperatures approximately two degrees higher than in

9856-479: The rise of intellectuals such as, most prominently: Isidore of Seville , one of the most quoted scholars of the Middle Ages, known for the breadth of his literary output, highlighted by his Etymologies , an encyclopedia of the knowledge of the epoch that was known and translated throughout medieval Europe; Eugenius I of Toledo , a theologian and poet expert in mathematics and astronomy ; or Theodulf of Orléans ,

9968-415: The rural countryside to the industrial cities. A further exodus occurred with the arrival of democracy in Spain (early 1980s), when the province was made part of the new autonomous community of Castile and Leon . Start a process of economic growth that peaked with the Spanish property bubble and then suffers from the economic crisis of 2008-2015 , like the rest of the south of Europe. Subsequently, there

10080-613: The sister of Western Roman emperor Honorius . Athaulf (king of the Visigoths from 410 to 415) spent the next few years operating in the Gallic and Hispanic countrysides, diplomatically playing competing factions of Germanic and Roman commanders against one another to skillful effect, and taking over cities such as Narbonne and Toulouse (in 413). After he married Placidia, the Emperor Honorius enlisted him to provide Visigothic assistance in regaining nominal Roman control of Hispania from

10192-466: The small province of Spania for the Byzantine Empire along the coast of southern Spain. Agila was eventually killed, and his enemy Athanagild (552–568) became the new king. He attacked the Byzantines, but he was unable to dislodge them from southern Spain and was obliged to formally acknowledge the suzerainty of the Empire. The next Visigothic king was Liuvigild (569 – April 21, 586). He

10304-414: The south; and with the province of Segovia to the east. It is, therefore, the only Spanish province surrounded only – and entirely – by others in your same autonomous community ( Castile and León ). The province of Valladolid covers an area of 8,110 km (3,130 sq mi),4 is located in the center of the Meseta Central , a plateau in the middle of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and

10416-655: The status of foederati when the Western emperor Julius Nepos (474–475) signed in 475 an alliance with Euric, granting him the lands south of the Loire and west of the Rhone in exchange for military service and the lands in Provence (including Arles and Marseilles). The lands in Hispania remained under de facto Visigothic control. After Odoacer deposed the last Roman emperor in the West, Romulus Augustulus , Euric quickly recaptured Provence ,

10528-584: The statute of autonomy of Castile and León . Headquarters is located in the Pimentel Palace of Valladolid, since 1875, when the building was purchased by the Provincial Government. Today, the province does not have official divisions, but historically it has been divided into 8 comarcas (a Spanish term for shires ): Valladolid is the most populated province of de Castile and León , with 520,716 people in 2020 ( INE ), representing more than 20% of

10640-577: The taxes of the region, with the local Gallic aristocrats now paying their taxes to the Visigoths instead of to the Roman government. The Visigoths with their capital at Toulouse , remained de facto independent, and soon began expanding into Roman territory at the expense of the feeble Western empire. Under Theodoric I (418–451), the Visigoths attacked Arles (in 425 and 430 ) and Narbonne (in 436), but were checked by Litorius using Hunnic mercenaries . This resulted at first in Theodoric's defeat at

10752-402: The total population of the community. It has 1.1% of the national population and is the 19th most populous province. It has one of the few growing populations in Castile and León and also one of the youngest. The population is also characterized by being one of the most long-lived of Spain and Europe. As of 2015, immigrants in Valladolid represent 4,81% of the population, with immigrants with

10864-512: The two became inextricably intertwined. Despite these civil wars, by 625 AD the Visigoths had succeeded in expelling the Byzantines from Hispania and had established a foothold at the port of Ceuta in Africa. Most of the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by Umayyad troops from North Africa in 711 to 719, with only the northern reaches of Hispania remaining in Christian hands. The medieval Kingdom of Asturias in northern Spain reputedly began when

10976-534: The woods never strayed too far from there," as Thomas F. Glick puts it. However, in fact, the Visigoths were preservers of the classical culture. The bathing culture of Andalusia, for example, often said to be a Muslim invention, is a direct continuation of Romano-Visigothic traditions. Visigothic Mérida housed baths supplied with water by aqueducts , and such aqueducts are also attested in Cordoba , Cadiz and Recopolis. Excavations confirm that Recopolis and Toledo,

11088-437: The year with a fairly strong minimum in summer and a very attenuated winter minimum, the rainfall in the province of Valladolid does not usually arrive in large quantities and in a torrential manner, the rainfall in the province of Valladolid arrives in a gentle manner and over several days, which favors the countryside. The extreme weather values recorded at either of the two State Meteorological Agency (AEMet) observatories in

11200-468: Was a certain economic growth until 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic caused the declaration of a state of alarm throughout Spain , resulting in a strong economic standstill. After the lifting of the confinement measures, economic activity was reactivated. It is bordered by the provinces of Burgos , Palencia and Leon to the north, with Zamora , to the west; with the provinces of Salamanca and Avila to

11312-664: Was an effective military leader and consolidated Visigothic power in Spain. Liuvigild campaigned against the Eastern Romans in the south in the 570s and he took back Cordova after another revolt. He also fought in the north against the Galician Kingdom of the Suebi and various small independent states, including the Basques and the Cantabrians. He pacified northern Spain but was unable to completely conquer these peoples. When Liuvigild established his son Hermenegild as joint ruler,

11424-416: Was built in the first decade of the 21st century. The Continental Mediterranean climate is typical of Meseta Central , which is located in the province of Valladolid. It is similar to the typical Mediterranean but with characteristics of continental climates , of more extreme temperatures, although it does not go to be as different as to be classified separately. In addition this climate does not receive

11536-685: Was changing, and dukes ( duces provinciae ) and counts ( comites civitatis ) had begun taking more responsibilities outside their original military and civil duties. The servants or slaves of the king became very prominent in the bureaucracy and exercised wide administrative powers. With the Visigoth law codes, women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, and could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20. Chindaswinth (642–653) strengthened

11648-460: Was defeated by the Frankish king Childebert I and then murdered at Barcelona. Afterwards, Theudis (531–548) became king. He expanded Visigothic control over the southern regions, but he was also murdered after a failed invasion of Africa. Visigothic Spain suffered a civil war under King Agila I (549–554), which prompted the Roman/Byzantine emperor Justinian I to send an army and carve out

11760-406: Was deposed by the Franks and replaced by Sisinand . The instability of this period can be attributed to the power struggle between the kings and the nobility. Religious unification strengthened the political power of the church, which it exercised through church councils at Toledo along with the nobles. The fourth council, held during the brief reign of Sisinand in 633, excommunicated and exiled

11872-550: Was established as such by the Royal Decree of 29 October 1833 driven by the minister Javier de Burgos as the rest of provinces of the country (see: 1833 territorial division of Spain ). To do this took into account the common historic, cultural and economic characteristics of each territory. The Government and the administration of the province of Valladolid corresponds to the Provincial Council of Valladolid, as outlined in

11984-449: Was eventually deposed in a bloodless coup. King Ervig (680–687) held further church councils and repealed the previous harsh laws of Wamba, though he still made provisions for the army. Ervig had his son-in-law Egica made king. Despite a rebellion by the bishop of Toledo, the 16th council, held in 693, denounced the bishop's revolt. The 17th council in 694 passed harsh laws against the Jews, citing

12096-562: Was in Asturias, where a Visigothic nobleman named Pelagius revolted in 718, and defeated the Muslims at the battle of Covadonga ; this was the beginning of the Reconquista . According to Joseph F. O'Callaghan, the remnants of the Hispano-Gothic aristocracy still played an important role in the society of Hispania. At the end of Visigothic rule, the assimilation of Hispano-Romans and Visigoths

12208-590: Was in the north fighting the Basques . The tale that Julian, Count of Ceuta , facilitated the invasion because one of his daughters had been dishonored by Roderic is possibly mythical. By late July, a battle took place at the Guadalete River in the province of Cádiz . Roderic was betrayed by his troops, who sided with his enemies, and the king was killed in battle. The Muslims then took much of southern Spain with little resistance and went on to capture Toledo, where they executed several Visigothic nobles. In 712, Musa,

12320-582: Was occurring at a fast pace. Their nobility had begun to think of themselves as constituting one people, the gens Gothorum or the Hispani . An unknown number of them fled and took refuge in Asturias or Septimania. In Asturias, they supported Pelagius's uprising, and joining with the indigenous leaders, formed a new aristocracy. The population of the mountain region consisted of native Astures , Galicians , Cantabri , Basques and other groups unassimilated into Hispano-Gothic society. Resistance also continued in

12432-586: Was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Gallia Aquitania in southwest Gaul by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of Hispania . The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire , whose attempts to re-establish Roman authority in Hispania were only partially successful and short-lived. The Visigoths were romanized central Europeans who had moved west from

12544-636: Was put down; he also beat back another Frankish offensive in the north. Reccared then oversaw the Third Council of Toledo in 589, where he announced his faith in the Nicene creed and denounced Arianism. He adopted the name Flavius, the family name of the Constantinian dynasty, and styled himself as the successor to the Roman emperors. Reccared also fought the Byzantines in Hispania Baetica after they had begun

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