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49-655: Its name means "Valley of Rocks", because it is located in a wide hilly area surrounded by a meander of the Jabalón River  [ es ] , just bordering on the plain south of La Mancha, and the subsoil is rich in limestone rock. It is located in the Campo de Calatrava, an extensive plain north of the Sierra Morena , and lies on the left bank of Jabalón River , a tributary of the Guadiana . The hamlet (pedanía) of Consolación

98-438: A highly effective sovereignty under equal terms. They utilised a prenuptial agreement to lay down their terms. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to his joint motto of equality: "Tanto monta [or monta tanto], Isabel como Fernando" ("They amount to the same, Isabel and Ferdinand"). Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements were remarkable: Spain was united, or at least more united than it ever had been;

147-558: A major fire. Highlighted in the fight was a woman, Juana Galán "La Galana". The outcome was that the troops had to retreat from the province of La Mancha , a delay which led, at least in part, to the Spanish victory at the Battle of Bailen . King Fernando VII would give the villa the Title of "Very Heroic". After these events, some inhabitants from Valdepeñas took part of the guerrilla fighting against

196-449: A quiet existence until 6 June 1808, when Napoleon's occupation of Spain became an issue after the events of 2 May in Madrid of that year. Napoleon's troops went to Andalusia as reinforcements and attempted to cross the villa; the entire population (men, women and also some of the neighbouring villas) took up arms to prevent the passage of the troops. The result was a high number of lives lost and

245-558: A single Spain occurred under Philip V in 1707–1715.) The first years of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule saw the Spanish conquest of the Emirate of Granada , the last Islamic al-Andalus entity on the Iberian peninsula, completed in 1492. The completion of the Reconquista was not the only significant act performed by Ferdinand and Isabella in that year. In March 1492, the monarchs issued

294-764: Is a dependency of Valdepeñas and is located at the intersection between Autovía A-4 (Autovia del Sur) and road CR-5214 . It was built by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización in 1949. The municipal area houses numerous prehistoric remains, platforms and watchtowers located in the hills, compatible with settlers of the Bronze Age called Culture of the Motillas , dated between the 10th and 13th centuries BC. Vasco Merlo in his History of Valdepeñas described these structures erroneously as Celtiberian settlements, despite their being much older than that and possibly belonging to

343-639: The Culture of Argar . Eight kilometres to the south of the city is located the Iberian city of "Cerro de las Cabezas" (Hill of the Heads), a great oppidum or town fortified with a true castle in the summit of the hill that it occupies, inhabited between the 7th and 2nd centuries BC. It is an important archaeological deposit of the Oretana Culture and shows signs of the first vestige of the grapevine in this region. In

392-582: The Jewish community became important and this is reflected in the existence of at least two synagogues , one of which was eventually converted into the hermitage of Veracruz and the old building where the Parish of The Christ was located, behind its present location. The Catholic Monarchs , Ferdinand and Isabella of Castille , lodged in Valdepeñas on 18 February 1488 at the mother of Alfonso de Merlo's house, and left to

441-560: The Nueva Planta decrees issued between 1707 and 1716. The Crown of Aragon that Ferdinand inherited in 1479 included the kingdoms of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca , Sardinia , and Sicily , as well as the Principality of Catalonia . His marriage to Isabella is regarded as the "cornerstone in the foundation of the Spanish monarchy". They played a major role in the European colonization of

490-704: The Republic of Venice , in which all the other powers with interests on the Italian peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand II, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together in the League of Cambrai . Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello , the League of Cambrai soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand II became suspicious of French intentions. Instead,

539-514: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Jabalón " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for

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588-514: The 'Holy League' was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against Louis XII and France. In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law King Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster , pledging mutual aid between the two against Navarre and France ahead of the Spanish invasion of Navarre as of July 1512. After the fall of Granada in 1492, he had manoeuvred for years to take over

637-734: The 16th century and later artefacts such as graves, coins and other ancient Roman items, from a Roman villa of the 1st century BC, that still existed in the Visigothic period. During the Middle Ages, the area was part of the Moorish taifa of Toledo . The Arab inscriptions and a sundial on the walls of the Church of the Assumption date from this period. According to oral tradition, the Caliphate gave permission to

686-575: The 16th century such as the Trinitarians Covent can be found in the town. King Ferdinand the Catholic wanted to control the power of Military Orders, and Pope Adrian VI granted orders to the Kingdom of Castile, passing to Royal Jurisdiction an important patrimony: two cities, two hundred villas (Valdepeñas among them) and a hundred of villages, distributed in an ample territory. King Philip II sold

735-667: The Americas , sponsoring the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. That year the couple defeated Granada , the last Muslim state in Western Europe , thus completing the centuries-long Reconquista . Following Isabella's death in 1504, the couple's daughter Joanna became queen of the Crown of Castile . That year, after a war with France, Ferdinand conquered the Kingdom of Naples . In 1507 he became regent of Castile on behalf of Joanna, who

784-481: The Assumption, which had been an old castle. From that moment Valdepeñas belonged to the military Order of Calatrava and the first text it is mentioned in is the record of The Order of Calatrava in 1243. The new settlers came from the Kingdoms of Castile , León ( Galicia mainly) and Aragón . The Order demanded conditions of establishment and right of citizenship, the continued care of the grapevine. In medieval times

833-602: The Catholic , was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband and co-ruler of Queen Isabella I of Castile , he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504 (as Ferdinand V ). He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain ; together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs . Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain , and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by

882-622: The Edict of Expulsion of the Jews, also called the Alhambra Decree , a document which ordered all Jews either to be baptised and convert to Christianity or to leave the country. It allowed Mudéjar Moors (Islamic) and converso Marrano Jews to stay, while expelling all unconverted Jews from Castile and Aragon (most Jews either converted or moved to the Ottoman Empire). 1492 was also the year in which

931-484: The French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however. Ferdinand II died on 23 January 1516 in Madrigalejo , Extremadura , Kingdom of Castile and Leon. He is entombed at Capilla Real , Granada . His wife Isabella, daughter Joanna, and son-in-law Philip rest beside him there. Ferdinand and Isabella established

980-627: The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and by Pope Leo X . Consequently, after Ferdinand II's funeral on 14 March 1516, Charles I was proclaimed King of Castile and of Aragon jointly with his mother. Finally, the Castilian Regent , Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli , and the Castilian and Aragonese Cortes paid homage to him as King of Aragon jointly with his mother. Ferdinand's grandson and successor Charles,

1029-496: The Napoleonic troops in the "Guerra de la Independencia", Francisco Abad, "Chaleco" , became a famous guerrillero. At the beginning of the 20th century, the appearance of Phylloxera led to the introduction of the resistant American vine but did not change the economy much. The Spanish Civil War broke this development, and the city's population decreased. From the 1940s to the 1970s the only economical activities were agriculture and

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1078-596: The Neapolitan throne. In 1500, following Ferdinand II's death and accession of his uncle Frederick , Ferdinand signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII , who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan , to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi , including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria . The agreement soon fell apart and, over

1127-794: The Ocean Sea. But the Treaty of Villafáfila did not hold for long because of the death of Philip; Ferdinand returned as regent of Castile and as "lord of the Indies". The widowed Ferdinand made an alliance with France in July 1505 and married Germaine of Foix , cementing the alliance with France. She was the granddaughter of his half-sister Queen Eleanor of Navarre and niece of Louis XII of France. Had Ferdinand's son with Germaine, John, Prince of Girona, born on 3 May 1509, survived, "the crown of Aragon would inevitably been separated from Castile" and denied his grandson Charles

1176-586: The care of the widow the infants during part of the conquest of Granada. The same Alfonso de Merlo was named Captain and went with more than two hundred men to the Conquest of Granada, funding the campaign with his own money. The Catholic Monarchs recognized and granted him the title of Knight. Some of his descendants moved to the New World and took important positions in Peru and Chile. Diverse religious and civil buildings from

1225-538: The clearly guaranteed religious freedom for Mudéjar Muslims. Ferdinand forced all Muslims in Castile and Aragon to convert, converso Moriscos , to Catholicism, or else be expelled. Some of the Muslims who remained were mudéjar artisans, who could design and build in the Moorish style. This was also practised by the Spanish inquisitors on the converso Marrano Jewish population of Spain. The latter part of Ferdinand's life

1274-656: The crown of Aragon. But the infant Prince John died within hours and was buried in the convent of Saint Paul in Valladolid , Kingdom of Castile and Leon , and later transferred to Poblet Monastery , Vimbodí i Poblet , Principality of Catalonia ( Crown of Aragon ), traditional burial site of the kings of Aragon. Ferdinand had no legal position in Castile, with the cortes of Toro recognizing Joanna and her children as heirs and Ferdinand left Castile in July 1506. After his son-in-law Philip's untimely death in September 1506, Castile

1323-450: The crown power was centralised, at least in name; the reconquista was successfully concluded; the groundwork for the most dominant military machine of the next century and a half was laid; a legal framework was created; the church was reformed. Even without the benefit of the American expansion, Spain would have been a major European power. Columbus' discovery set the country on the course for

1372-517: The day of his wife's death, he formally renounced his title as King of Castile and instead became governor ( gobernador ) of the kingdom, as a way to become regent. Philip deemed his wife sane and fit to rule. A compromise was forged between Philip and Ferdinand, which gave Ferdinand a continued role in Castile. Ferdinand had served as Joanna's regent during her absence in the Netherlands , ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand attempted to retain

1421-480: The doubtful nature of the deal. Isabella made her will on 12 October 1504, in advance of her 26 November 1504 death. In it she spelled out the succession to the Crown of Castile, leaving it to Joanna and then to Joanna's son Charles. Isabella was dubious of Joanna's ability to rule and was not confident of Joanna's husband Archduke Philip . Ferdinand moved quickly after his wife's death to continue his role in Castile. On

1470-471: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalón " Ferdinand the Catholic Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called Ferdinand

1519-430: The first modern world power. During the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain pursued alliances through marriage with Portugal, Habsburg Austria , and Burgundy . Their first-born daughter Isabella was married to Manuel I of Portugal , and their first-born son John was married to Margaret of Austria. However, the deaths of these children, and the death of Isabella, altered the succession plan forcing Ferdinand to yield

Valdepeñas - Misplaced Pages Continue

1568-653: The government of Castile to Philip of Habsburg the husband of his second daughter Joanna. In 1502, the members of the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Zaragoza , and Parliaments of the Kingdom of Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia in Barcelona , as members of the Crown of Aragon, swore an oath of loyalty to their daughter Joanna as heiress, but Alonso de Aragón , Archbishop of Saragossa, stated firmly that this oath

1617-463: The inhabitants to cultivate vineyards and make wine, which is prohibited by the Quran . The Moors were expelled from Valdepenas at the end of the 15th century. By order of Queen Berenguela of Castile and after the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, settlers of several villages (Aberturas, Corral Rubio de Jabalón, Santa María de las Flores and Castilnuevo) moved to the area around the present Church of

1666-519: The monarchs commissioned Christopher Columbus to find a westward maritime route for access to Asia, which resulted in the Spanish arrival in the Americas. In 1494 the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the entire world beyond Europe between Portugal and Castile (Spain) for conquest and dominion purposes – by a north–south line drawn down the Atlantic Ocean. Ferdinand abrogated a section of the 1491 Treaty of Granada peace treaty in 1502 by dismissing

1715-1221: The most popular in Spain and recently in EU countries. In addition to the food and wine industry, there are small and medium industries located in several industrial parks. Industries include: Jabal%C3%B3n Look for Jabalón on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Jabalón in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

1764-542: The next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba fought to take Naples from the French, finally succeeding by 1504. The King of France complains that I have twice deceived him. He lies, the fool; I have deceived him ten times and more. Some time before 1502 Andreas Palaiologos , the last exiled claimant to the Byzantine throne of his house, sold his titles and royal and imperial rights to Ferdinand. Those, however, had never been made use of, due to

1813-410: The purported daughter of Henry IV, and were swiftly successful. When Ferdinand succeeded his father as King of Aragon in 1479, the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union . The various states were not formally administered as a single unit, but as separate political units under the same monarchs. (The legal merging of Aragon and Castile into

1862-421: The regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband. In the Treaty of Villafáfila of 1506, Ferdinand renounced not only the government of Castile in favor of Philip but also the lordship of the Indies, withholding half of the income of the "kingdoms of the Indies". Joanna and Philip immediately added to their titles the kingdoms of Indies, Islands and Mainland of

1911-414: The royal House of Trastámara , and the two were second cousins by descent from John I of Castile . They were married with a clear prenuptial agreement on sharing power, and under the joint motto " tanto monta, monta tanto ". He became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her deceased brother in 1474. The two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Joanna ,

1960-597: The throne of the Basque kingdom, ruled by Queen Catherine of Navarre and King John III of Navarre , also lords of Béarn and other sizeable territories north of the Pyrenees and in Gascony . Ferdinand annexed Navarre first to the Crown of Aragon, but later, under the pressure of Castilian noblemen, to the Crown of Castile. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving

2009-500: The traditional family industry of wine, a common phenomenon in central Spain in those times. In the 1980s, Valdepeñas saw a modernization of the wine sector, including new kinds of grapes, and the introduction of techniques in wine production. Valdepeñas has several museums of history, art and wine. There are two Fairs, in August "the summer fair" at the first week and in September known as "Fiesta de la Vendimia" (Grape Harvest Fair). Nieva

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2058-591: The villa on 22 April 1575 to D. Alvaro de Bazán first Marquess of Santa Cruz , who became Lord of Valdepeñas . Valdepeñas would happen to be a "Señorío", secreting itself of the Order of Calatrava. The successive marquesses promoted the wines of Valdepeñas in the Spanish Court of the Austrian and its fame consequently extended all over the country. Valdepeñas' "clarete" became known as "aloque" at this time. Valdepeñas led

2107-442: Was alleged to be mentally unstable. In 1506, as part of a treaty with France, Ferdinand married Germaine of Foix , with whom he had no surviving children. In 1512 he conquered most of the Kingdom of Navarre , ruling all the territories comprising modern-day Spain until his death in 1516. He was nominally succeeded by his daughter Joanna, but power was soon assumed by her son Charles I (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V ). Ferdinand

2156-458: Was born on 10 March 1452, in the town of Sos del Rey Católico , Kingdom of Aragon , as the son of John II of Aragon (whose family was a cadet branch of the House of Trastámara ) by his second wife, Juana Enríquez . Ferdinand married Isabella , the half-sister and heir presumptive of Henry IV of Castile , on 19 October 1469 in Valladolid , Kingdom of Castile and Leon . Isabella also belonged to

2205-515: Was elected to Seat J of the Real Academia Española on 17 April 1986, he took up his seat on 29 April 1990.[3] After rapid growth in the late 19th century, the town became home to large distilleries, tanneries, flour mills, cooperages, and other factories, as well as hot mineral springs, but its chief trade was in red wines. The city continues to be famous for its wines and is the centre of a grape-growing district. Valdepeñas wines are among

2254-561: Was in crisis. Joanna was allegedly mentally unstable, and Joanna's and Philip's son, Charles, the future Emperor Charles V , was only six years old. Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros , the Chancellor of the Kingdom, was made regent, but the upper nobility reasserted itself. Ferdinand led an army against Pedro Fernández de Córdoba y Pacheco , the marquis of Priego of Córdoba , who had seized control there by force. By 1508 Ferdinand had triumphed and war resumed in Italy, this time against

2303-562: Was invalid and did not change the law of succession which could only be done by formal legislation by the Cortes with the King. So, when King Ferdinand died on 23 January 1516, his daughter Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon , and his grandson Charles became Governor General (regent). Nevertheless, the Flemish wished that Charles assume the royal title, and this was supported by his paternal grandfather

2352-484: Was largely taken up with disputes with successive kings of France over control of Italy, the Italian Wars . In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Alfonso II , who was Ferdinand's first cousin once removed and step nephew, from the throne of Naples . Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand II , on

2401-854: Was to inherit not only the Spanish lands of his maternal grandparents, but the Austrian and Burgundian lands of his paternal family, which would make his heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent and, with the discoveries and conquests in the Americas and elsewhere, of the first truly global empire. With his wife Isabella I the Catholic (whom he married 19 October 1469), King Ferdinand had seven children: With his second wife, Germaine of Foix (whom he married on 19 October 1505 in Blois , Kingdom of France ), King Ferdinand had one son: He also left several illegitimate children, two of them were born before his marriage to Isabella: With Aldonça Ruiz d'Ivorra i Alemany ,

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