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71-527: V6 V8 The Holden Commodore (VP) is a full-size car that was produced by Holden from 1991 to 1993. It was the second iteration of the second generation of the Commodore . Its range included the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VP) and Holden Calais (VP) . The VP series was released in September 1991 with mainly cosmetic and feature changes to the outgoing VN Series Commodore . It launched shortly after

142-593: A 1932 letter from the wife of a farmer in Victoria, Australia, to Ford Australia asking for "a vehicle to go to church in on a Sunday and which can carry our pigs to market on Mondays". In response, Ford designer Lew Bandt developed a vehicle to meet the client's request. Commencing in October 1933, with assistance from draftsman A. Scott, Bandt used the passenger compartment and roof from the Ford V8 five-window coupe and extended

213-484: A 2.4 L (146 cu in) version used in the 1958 Ferrari 246 Formula One racing car. A few years later, the 1961-1964 Ferrari 156 Formula One car used a new V6 engine with a V-angle of 120 degrees and a displacement of 1.5 L (92 cu in). This engine was shorter and lighter than the Ferrari Dino engine, and the simplicity and low center of gravity of the engine was an advantage in racing. It won

284-487: A 60-degree V-angle. The 1967 Dino 206 GT was Ferrari's first V6 road car, which had a 65-degree V-angle. The 1979-2005 Alfa Romeo V6 engine was introduced in the Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 luxury sedan and later used in many other Alfa Romeo models. This engine used a 60 degree V-angle, an all-aluminium construction and two valves per cylinder. A turbocharged version was introduced in 1991 and a four valve per cylinder version

355-710: A choice of sedan and wagon body styles. It was offered only with the 3.8 litre V6 engine and the four speed automatic transmission, the V8 not being available in the Lexcen. A utility variant of the VP Commodore was also produced and launched in January 1992. It was marketed as the Holden Ute and was not badged as a Commodore. No Toyota equivalent was ever produced. The enhanced performance VP range sold by Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) comprised

426-451: A commonly used crossplane crankshaft, because the inline-four engine in each bank of the V8 engine does not have this primary imbalance. A 120 degree design also results in a large width for the engine, being only slightly narrower than a flat-six engine (which does not have the balance problems of the V6 engine). Therefore, the flat-six engine has been used in various automobiles, whereas use of

497-403: A crankshaft that is adequately strong. A balance shaft and/or crankshaft counterweights can be used to reduce vibrations in 90 degree V6 engines. At first glance, 120 degrees might seem to be the optimal V-angle for a V6 engine, since pairs of pistons in alternate banks can share crank pins in a three-throw crankshaft and the combustion forces are balanced by the firing interval being equal to

568-432: A design similar to the 1922-1976 Lancia V4 engine . These engines use a single cylinder head so are technically a straight engine with the name "VR6" coming from the combination of German words “Verkürzt” and “Reihenmotor” meaning “shortened inline engine”. The VR6 engines were used in transverse engine front-wheel drive cars which were originally designed for inline-four engines. Due to the minimal extra length and width of

639-618: A grey lower half. Standard wheels were the 15in alloys from the VQ Statesman but with Holden logos in the centre cap and the interior was black over tan, with tan partial leather/suede seats, and special leather SS style steering wheel. A badge engineered variant of the Holden VP was marketed by Toyota as the Toyota Lexcen. The T2 series Lexcen was available in CSi, VXi, and Newport trim levels, with

710-600: A large number of races between 1961 and 1964 . However, Ferrari's founder had a personal dislike of the 120 degree layout, preferring a 65 degree layout, and after that time it was replaced by other engines. The Dino engine was also used in the Lancia Stratos , which was a highly successful rally car that won the World Rally Championship in 1974, 1975 and 1976. A notable racing use of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine

781-543: A mainstay of GM's FWD mid-size and full-size cars. It was discontinued in 2008. Over 25 million units had been built, making it one of the most-produced engines in history, and it was on Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th century list. Ford introduced its European road car engines in 1965 with the German division's Cologne V6 , and the Ford Essex V6 engine , introduced by Ford's United Kingdom division in 1966; both engines used

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852-455: A narrower engine overall than V6 engines with larger V-angles. This angle often results in the overall engine size being a cube shape, making the engine easier to fit either longitudinally or transversely in the engine compartment. Many manufacturers, particularly American ones, built V6 engines with a V-angle of 90 degrees based on their existing 90-degree V8 engines. Such configurations were easy to design by removing two cylinders and replacing

923-402: A primary imbalance caused by each bank consisting of an inline-three engine , due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank. Straight-six engines and flat-six engines do not experience this imbalance. To reduce the vibrations caused by this imbalance, most V6 engines use a harmonic damper on the crankshaft and/or a counter-rotating balance shaft . Six-cylinder designs have less pulsation in

994-429: A six-cylinder engine with an even firing interval, the next piston starts its power stroke 60° before the previous one finishes, which results in smoother delivery of power to the flywheel. Comparing engines on a dynamometer, a V6 engine shows instantaneous torque peaks of 154% above mean torque and valleys of 139% below mean torque, with a small amount of negative torque (engine torque reversals) between power strokes. In

1065-464: A smaller package that produces cleaner emissions, has better fuel economy, and are less expensive to produce. The Lancia Aurelia (the first series production car with a V6 engine) was also successful in motor racing. Four of the Aurelia B20 Coupes were entered in the 1951 Mille Miglia with the best placed cars finishing second and fourth. A tuned 3,102 cc (189 cu in) version of

1136-408: A three-throw crankshaft with 'flying arms' between the crankpins to allow an even firing interval of 120 degrees to be achieved. A pair of counterweights on the crankshaft can then be used to almost perfectly cancel out the primary forces and reduce the secondary vibrations to acceptable levels. The engine mounts can be designed to absorb these remaining vibrations. A 60 degree V-angle results in

1207-550: A truck. GMC's badge-engineered El Camino variant, the Sprint , was introduced in 1970 (for the 1971 model year). It was renamed Caballero in 1977 (for the 1978 model year), and produced until 1987. Other North American coupé utilities Since the 1970s, utes have been built in Brazil under European car-maker badges, usually based on hatchbacks. For example, the Ford Courier was based on

1278-677: A turbocharged V6 engine. Ferrari won the Formula One constructors' championship with turbocharged V6 engines in 1982 and 1983. Initial versions used a 120 degree V-angle, before switching to a 90 degree V-angle for the 1987 Ferrari F1/87 racing car. Other successful turbocharged V6 Formula One cars in the era of 1982-1988 were the McLaren MP4/2 , McLaren MP4/3 , McLaren MP4/4 , Williams FW10 , Williams FW11 , Williams FW12 , Lotus 95T , Lotus 97T , Lotus 98T , Lotus 99T and Lotus 100T . The Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo and Nissan NPT-90 competed in

1349-485: Is a myth, as the engine power is the same as in regular VP Commodores. BT1 with IRS had a standard size fuel tank, not a long range tank as found on other models. Although the pack varied in each state, they were commonly fitted with: The Commodore Vacationer was a limited edition model based on the Commodore Executive. It was released in October 1992. The Calais International was a limited edition model based on

1420-421: Is a vehicle with a passenger compartment at the front and an integrated cargo tray at the rear, with the front of the cargo bed doubling as the rear of the passenger compartment. The term originated in the 1930s, where it was used to distinguish passenger-car-based two-door vehicles with an integrated cargo tray from traditional pickup trucks that have a cargo bed separate from the passenger compartment. Since

1491-566: Is standard for the 5000i model The Senator was created in an attempt to design a vehicle that offered both luxury and performance as well as to complement the existing long-wheelbase Statesman models. Offering smoother styling compared to the HSV Clubsport and GTS models, which favoured performance rather than luxury, the Senator took advantage of the independent rear suspension which was offered on high-priced VP Commodores and Statesman/Caprices at

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1562-494: Is that V6 engines produce more vibrations than straight-six engines . Some sports cars like the Porsche 911 use flat-six engines instead of V6 engines, due to their near perfect primary engine balance and lower centre of gravity (which improves the handling ). The displacement of modern V6 engines is typically between 2.5 and 4.0 L (153 and 244 cu in), though larger and smaller examples have been produced, such as

1633-471: Is the first Ferrari road car to sport a V6 turbo with a vee angle of 120 degrees between the cylinder banks. Other angle V6 engines are possible but can suffer from severe vibration problems unless very carefully designed. Notable V-angles include: In 1906, a few years after 4 cylinder engines and V8 engines had come into existence, the first known V6 engine was built. This V6 engine was a single prototype automotive engine built by Marmon Motor Car Company in

1704-513: The Buick Fireball V6 engine) had three shared crankpins arranged at 120 degrees from each other, due to their origins from the V8 engines. This resulted in an uneven firing order, with half of the cylinders using a firing interval of 90 degrees and other half using an interval of 150 degrees. The uneven firing intervals resulted in rough-running engines with "unpleasant" vibrations at low engine speeds. Several modern 90 degree V6 engines reduce

1775-698: The Chevrolet El Camino , Ford Ranchero , and Valiant Rustler respectively. Some re-badged versions of South American utes are sold in South Africa (where the term " bakkie " instead of "ute" is popular) under different names, such as the Chevrolet Montana and the Ford Courier , sold there as Opel Corsa Utility (later as Chevrolet Utility) and Ford Bantam respectively. Other South African coupé utility models: Austin Marina A coupé utility, based on

1846-663: The Ford EB Falcon . The 3.8 litre V6 and 5.0 litre V8 engines from the VN were carried over, but the V6 engine received various revisions that improved its refinement and noise characteristics as well as boosting power by two kilowatts . The 2.0 litre straight-4 engine which had been offered on the VN in certain export markets was discontinued. Semi-trailing arm IRS became standard on Calais and Commodore SS models and became an optional extra on lower-end models. This new suspension drastically improving ride and handling over that offered by

1917-966: The Ford Fiesta MkIV. Current examples include the Chevrolet Montana , based on the Opel Corsa and later on the Chevrolet Agile , the Peugeot Hoggar , based on the South American Peugeot 207 , the Volkswagen Saveiro, based on the Volkswagen Gol , and the Fiat Strada , based on the Fiat Palio . Other South American coupé utility models: Australian Holden Kingswood , Ford Falcon and Chrysler Valiant utes were sold in South Africa as

1988-600: The IMSA sports car prototype category from 1985 to 1994 and used a turbocharged V6 engine loosely based on the Nissan VG30ET production car engine. The Nissan 300ZX used a similar engine to compete in the 1996-1997 All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship (now known as the 'Super GT' championship). Downsizing to V6 engines in open-wheeler racing became more common: V6 engines are popular powerplants in medium to large outboard motors . The first V6 engine to reach production

2059-637: The Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia , and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special . The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines. Due to their short length, V6 engines are often used as the larger engine option for vehicles which are otherwise produced with inline-four engines, especially in transverse engine vehicles. A downside for luxury cars

2130-609: The Mazda J engine in 1986, the Toyota VZ engine in 1988, and the Isuzu V engine in 1992. Hyundai introduced the first South Korean Hyundai Sigma engine based on technology shared from the Mitsubishi unit in 1995. German car manufacturers were relatively slow to adopt V6 engines, because engineers believed that they lacked the smoothness of an inline-6 engine. Eventually, the first German V6 engine

2201-458: The live rear axle . ABS brakes were also introduced in the VP range as an option on Series 1 Calais and Commodore SS models, and on most models with IRS for Series II versions which launched in January 1993. Additional security features were introduced across the range, including an ignition-disabling device and a driver's door deadlock. Central locking and power mirrors were also a standard feature across

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2272-473: The 1.8 L (110 cu in) Mazda V6 used in the 1991–1998 Mazda MX-3 , or the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mitsubishi V6 engine used in the 1992–1998 Mirage / Lancer , while the largest gasoline V6 built was the 7.8 L (476 cu in) GMC V6 used in the 1962 GMC C/K series 6500 . All V6 engines with even firing spacing—regardless of the V-angle between the cylinder banks—are subject to

2343-419: The 120 degree V6 engine has been limited to a few truck and racing car engines, with the exception of McLaren Automotive 's M630 V6 engine, which uses a 120 degree bank angle with a single balance shaft to eliminate all primary couples. The McLaren M630 engine also takes advantage of the wide angle by placing the turbochargers inside the vee, commonly referred to as a 'hot vee' configuration. The Ferrari 296 GTB

2414-649: The 1959 model year) in response to the success of the Ford Ranchero pickup, its first run lasted only two years. Production resumed in 1963 (for the 1964 model year) based on the Chevelle A-platform . In 1977 (for the 1978 model year), it was shifted to the GM G-body platform. Production finished in 1987. Although based on corresponding Chevrolet car lines, the vehicle is classified and titled in North America as

2485-549: The 1971–1980 Morris Marina , with a 1275 cc engine, was badged as an Austin. Not many of them were sold. Mini Variously badged pick-up variants were built on the chassis of the Mini estate/wagon. Other European coupé utilities Coupe utilities have been produced in Australia since the 1930s. The three major Australian manufacturers (GM-Holden, Ford and Chrysler) offered coupe utility versions of their most popular models, and many of

2556-406: The 2000s, this type of vehicle has also been referred to as a "pick-up", "car-based pick-up" or "car-based truck". In Australia, where the traditional style of coupé utility remained popular until it ceased production in 2017, it is commonly called a " ute ", although the term is also used there to describe traditional-style pickups. The body style originated in Australia. It was the result of

2627-680: The Lancia V6 engine producing was 169 kW (230 PS) used in the Lancia D24 . The D24 competed in sports car racing and won the 1953 Carrera Panamericana with Juan Manuel Fangio at the wheel. The initial version of the Ferrari Dino engine was a 1.5 L (92 cu in) racing engine used in Formula Two racing in the 1957 season. It had a V-angle of 65 degrees and dual overhead camshafts. The Dino V6 underwent several evolutions, including

2698-504: The SS model. The Commodore SS was the top-of-the-line sports model of the range with a V8 engine. The Commodore Berlina was the cheapest luxury variant of the range. The Commodore Berlina LX was the semi-luxury version of the range. This model was essentially a stepping stone between the Berlina and Calais. The VP was the only version to offer this trim level. The Calais was the luxury version of

2769-464: The United States. The engine did not reach production. Similarly, a single prototype engine was produced by Buick in 1918. In 1910 Delahaye produced the first 30° 3.2-litre V6 which was installed in the 1911 Delahaye Type 44 automobile. The Lancia V6 engine was introduced in the 1950 Lancia Aurelia . Lancia had been producing V4 engines for approximately 30 years, and one of the key goals

2840-400: The V8 engine's four-throw crankshaft with a three-throw crankshaft. This reduced design costs, allowed the new V6 to share components with the V8 engine, and sometimes allowed manufacturers to build the V6 and V8 engines on the same production line. The downsides of a 90 degree design are a wider engine which is more vibration-prone than a 60 degree V6. The initial 90 degree V6 engines (such as

2911-570: The VP Calais and released in September 1992. A total of 300 were built, 150 in Alaskan White and the same number in Anthracite Grey. All were equipped with the V8 engine and automatic transmission and the exterior featured Commodore SS lower kit (with fog lights) and a Holden VQ Caprice bootlip as well as unique International badges. The paint was single colour, unlike the standard Calais which had

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2982-556: The VP series to be the least production numbers Maloo ute of all. The VP Senator 5000i was introduced in June 1992, effectively replacing the VP SV 91 as HSV most luxurious well appointed model, and is equivalent of the VN SV 5000 model. Exclusive colours called Senator Quartz either soft purple or Dark grey metallic are only available on Senator 5000i model. Other features that distinguishes the 5000i over

3053-472: The VR6 engine, it could be fitted to the engine compartments relatively easily, in order to provide a displacement increase of 50 percent. Since there is no room in the V between the cylinder banks for an intake system, all the intakes are on one side of the engine, and all the exhausts are on the other side. It uses a firing order of 1-5-3-6-2-4 (which is the firing order used by most straight-six engines), rather than

3124-418: The angle between the cylinder banks. A 120 degree configuration, unlike the 60 degree or 90 degree configurations, would not require crankshafts with flying arms, split crankpins, or seven main bearings to be even-firing. However, the primary imbalance caused by odd number of cylinders in each bank still remains in a 120 degree V6 engine. This differs from the perfect balance achieved by a 90 degree V8 engine with

3195-410: The appropriate firing order . The inline-three engine that forms each cylinder bank, however, produces unbalanced rotating and reciprocal forces. These forces remain unbalanced in all V6 engines, often leading to the use of a balance shaft to reduce the vibration. The 1950 Lancia V6 engine was pioneering in its use of a six-throw crankshaft in order to reduce vibration. More recent designs often use

3266-505: The base model Senator are leather bolstered , velour trimmed Group A devenish front seats, and a Caprice rear bench seat, with a suede trimmed centre console. Brakes from the VN GRP A , Variotronic power steering rack, 5000i badges & Rear boot 5000i decal, level ride suspension, three different engine cover colours - Red - Maroon - Orange - indicating a 200KW motor, ABS, Fog lights from the Caprice

3337-445: The case of a four-cylinder engine, the peaks are approximately 270% above mean torque and 210% below mean torque, with 100% negative torque being delivered between strokes. However, a V6 with uneven firing intervals of 90° and 150° shows large torque variations of 185% above and 172% below mean torque. Since 1991, Volkswagen has produced narrow angle VR6 engines with V-angles of 10.5 and 15 degrees shared by both banks of cylinders, in

3408-423: The common V6 firing order of 1-2-3-4-5-6 or 1-6-5-4-3-2. A V-angle of 60 degrees is the optimal configuration for V6 engines regarding engine balance. When individual crank pins are used for each cylinder (i.e. using a six-throw crankshaft), an even firing interval of 120 degrees can be used. This firing interval is a multiple of the 60 degree V-angle, therefore the combustion forces can be balanced through use of

3479-591: The idea was also trialed by some manufacturers. Studebaker created the Studebaker Coupe Express and sold it between 1937 and 1939. In 1951, Holden released a model based on its 48-215 sedan , reinforcing the Australian tradition of home-grown two-door passenger-car sedan chassis-based "utility" vehicles with a tray at the back, known colloquially as a "ute", although the term was also applied to larger vehicles such as pickup trucks. America followed suit with

3550-469: The idea was being developed by other manufacturers simultaneously, because General Motors-Holden released Bedford and Chevrolet coupe utilities in September 1934, only two months after Ford, with the main difference being the use of the three-window coupe roof on the GM-H products. Other manufacturers were quick to follow, with coupe utilities based on various passenger and light truck chassis. In North America,

3621-633: The model range. The VP series was replaced in July 1993 by the VR Series Commodore . The VP Calais was also sold in Thailand, with 3.8 V6 version, later it used an Opel 2.6-litre C26NE inline-six Dual Ram engine. The Commodore Executive was the base model of the range. The Commodore S was the cheapest sports variant of the range. It was essentially similar to the Executive, but with sports trim similar to

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3692-525: The model's production run. Over its lifespan it was variously derived from full-sized, compact, and intermediate automobiles sold by Ford for the North American market. The original Ranchero sold well enough to spawn a competitor from General Motors in 1959, the Chevrolet El Camino . Chevrolet El Camino The Chevrolet El Camino is a coupé utility/pickup vehicle produced by Chevrolet from 1959 to 1960 and from 1964 to 1987. Introduced in 1958 (for

3763-405: The power delivery than four-cylinder engines, due to the overlap in the power strokes of the six-cylinder engine. In a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine, only one piston is on a power stroke at any given time. Each piston comes to a complete stop and reverses direction before the next one starts its power stroke, which results in a gap between power strokes, especially at lower engine speeds (RPM). In

3834-462: The range. It was however not badged or marketed as a Commodore. The SS V6 was a 1992 limited production model which had all the features of the regular Commodore SS but utilized the 3.8L V6 engine in place of the 5.0L V8. It was produced to homologate a suitable model for the Group 3E Series Production Cars motor racing category, which required a small minimum run of cars to be built. The SS V6's main rival

3905-478: The rear section using a single fixed side panel on each side, with a hinged tailgate at the rear to create the load carrying compartment. The model was released in July 1934 as the coupe utility. In his book Early Australian Automotive Design: The First Fifty Years , Australian motoring historian Norm Darwin suggests the idea was not a big leap in design from existing roadster utility models produced by various manufacturers as early as 1924. Darwin also suggests that

3976-519: The release of the Ford Ranchero in 1957 and Chevrolet El Camino in 1959. Ford Ranchero The first modern American coupe utility was the Ford Ranchero , introduced by the Ford in 1957 and produced until 1979. Unlike a standard pickup truck , the Ranchero was adapted from a two-door station wagon platform that integrated the cab and cargo bed into the body. A total of 508,355 units were produced during

4047-681: The time HSV continued with the GTS label, as HSV's top of the range performance model, with some 130 produced in total. As in the case of the VN series , a V6 version was sold exclusively in New Zealand. The VP series Maloo utility was released in March 1992. Only 49 examples were made in the thirteen months of production, of which 15 were special HSV Fifth Anniversary Edition models, and the final eight were All-Black limited editions. These exclusive build quantities confirm

4118-453: The time and was only one of a handful of Commodore-based cars that had automatic climate control air conditioning. Other features included a leather interior, cruise control and limited slip differential . A three-spoke steering wheel was featured. Top speed was 220 km/h (137 mph). The car is available with HSV's 180 kW (241 hp) 5.0-litre V8 engine coupled to a four-speed automatic transmission or five-speed manual. There

4189-519: The variants listed below (including VQ II): The VP series HSV Clubsport was launched in 1991 with the same 180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) V8 used in the VN Clubsport. A special edition was launched for both the Senator and Clubsport called the 5000i. The VP GTS program was rushed into production to compete with the ford EB GT in September 92. Essentially a parts bin special from the VN GRP A model, Like motor, brakes, spoiler kit. Being very popular at

4260-509: The vibrations using split crankpins offset by 30 degrees between piston pairs, which creates an even firing interval of 120 degrees for all cylinders. For example, the 1977 Buick 231 "even-fire" V6 engine was an upgraded version of the Buick Fireball engine with a split-pin crankshaft to reduce vibration by achieving an even firing order. Such a 'split' crankpin is weaker than a straight one, but modern metallurgical techniques can produce

4331-497: Was a 2.8 liter 90 ° V6 that was launched in the 1990 Audi 100 , and the narrow-angle VR6 , which was introduced across Volkswagen's mid-size and sports car lineup in the 1990s. In 1998, Mercedes-Benz introduced the M112 , its first V6 engine, while BMW has continued to use inline-6 engines. Mercedes-Benz discontinued its V6 engines in 2017, and has since returned to making inline-6 engines. The first independently designed British V6 engine

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4402-489: Was actually two versions built: the standard Senator and the Senator 5000i which featured a more powerful 200 kW (270 hp) engine and a 238 km/h (148 mph) top speed. The 5000i was only available with the automatic option. The total number built for both versions was 337. V6 engine The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company , Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye . Engines built after World War II include

4473-486: Was built from 1908 to 1913 by the Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik in Germany. These V6 engines were used as the generator for gasoline-electric railway engines. The Laverda V6 was a racing motorcycle which was unveiled at the 1977 Milan show. It entered the 1978 Bol d'Or 24 hour endurance race, however it retired with mechanical issues after approximately 8 hours. Horex has produced road motorcycles with VR6 engines since 2012. Coupe utility A coupé utility

4544-466: Was discontinued in 2020, and Jaguar Land Rover replaced it with the new Ingenium engine , which has an inline-6 variant for JLR's bigger cars and SUVs. By the mid-1990s, the V6 layout was the most common configuration for six-cylinder automotive engines, with V6 engines having replaced most of the straight-six engines. Today, it is being progressively replaced across the car industry by turbocharged 4-cylinder engines, which can produce similar power, but in

4615-432: Was introduced in 1962 and was based on the all-alloy Buick 215 V8 , which shared its 90 ° bank angle, but unlike the Buick V8, used all-cast iron construction. Initially an uneven-firing engine, Buick later redesigned the crankshaft to a "split-pin" configuration to create an "even-firing" version. After it became the 3800 V6 in 1990, the engine gained a reputation as a reliable, powerful, fuel-efficient workhorse that became

4686-427: Was introduced in 1997. Also in 1970, the Citroën SM grand tourer was introduced, powered by a 90-degree V6 built by Maserati. The Chevrolet 90° V6 engine was introduced in 1978 and produced for 36 years. The first mass-produced Japanese V6 engine was the Nissan VG engine , a 60-degree design which was produced from 1983 to 2004. The Honda C engine was introduced in 1985, followed by the Mitsubishi 6G7 engine and

4757-514: Was the Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI , designed for the 1993 DTM season and equipped with a 2.5 L (150 cu in) engine making a peak power of 360 kW (490 PS) at 11,900 rpm. The Renault-Gordini CH1 was a 90 degree V6 engine with an iron block. It was introduced in the 1973 Alpine -Renault A440 sportscar racing car. This engine won the European 2 L prototype championship in 1974 and several European Formula Two Championships . A turbocharged 2.0 L (122 cu in) version

4828-406: Was the Ford EB2 Falcon XR6. The Commodore BT1, or the Police Pack was a special pack for the VP Commodore that was available to the Australian and New Zealand Police Forces. It was based on the Commodore Executive and added various specification upgrades to cater to the needs of the Police Force. Many believe that BT1 Commodores had a "cop chip" which increased the engine power output, however this

4899-427: Was the Rover KV6 engine , which replaced the Honda C engine that was previously used in the Rover 800 . Jaguar used the Ford-based AJ-V6 engine until 2011 in their smaller cars, but also shared a V6 version of the 90 ° AJ-V8 engine with Land Rover for use in the XE, XF, XJ, F-Type and the F-Pace. Land Rover used it in the Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar, and the Discovery 4. The 90 ° V6 engine

4970-431: Was to reduce the vibrations compared with the V4 engine. The V6 engine used a 60 degree V-angle and six crankpins, resulting in an evenly-spaced firing order to reduce vibrations. Other manufacturers took note and soon other V6 engines were designed. In 1959, the GMC V6 engine was introduced in the form of a 60-degree 305 cu in (5 L) petrol engine used in pickup trucks and carryalls . The Buick V6 engine

5041-407: Was used in the Renault Alpine A442 , which won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1978. A turbocharged 1.5 L (92 cu in) version of the Renault-Gordini CH1 engine was introduced in the 1977 Renault RS01 Formula One car. Renault struggled with reliability issues in 1977 and 1978; however, the 1979 season saw some good results at a few races. In 1981, the Ferrari 126C Formula One car used

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